Melos

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A Greek polis in the ancient Cyclades.

Establishment

January 699 BC: The polity of Melos was established during classical times - earliest date due to mixed information (Phersu Atlas assumption).

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Peloponnesian War

Was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world.

1.1.Second Phase - Deceleian War

Was the second phase of the Peloponnesian War, where Sparta allied with Persia against Athens, which capitulated and lost its empire.

January 403 BC: After a prolonged siege by Sparta, Athens surrendered. As a consequence Athens had to form an alliance with Sparta, the Long Walls of the city were demolished, its territory was reduced to just Attica and Salamis and the Delian-Attic league was dissolved.

2. Corinthian War

Was a conflict in ancient Greece which pitted Sparta against a coalition of city-states comprising Thebes, Athens, Corinth and Argos, backed by the Achaemenid Empire.

January 392 BC: From 393 BC, Pharnabazus II and Conon sailed with their fleet to the Aegean island of Melos and established a base there.

3. Creation of the Second Athenian League

Creation of the Second Athenian League (a league of ancient Greece).

January 376 BC: Melos entered into the Second Athenian League.

4. Social War (357-355)

Was a war between the Second Athenian League and the allied city-states of Chios, Rhodes, Cos and Byzantion.

January 354 BC: Melos left the Second Athenian League. Most of the city-states of the League became independent in 355 BC following the Social War.

5. Wars of the Diadochi

Were a series of conflicts that were fought between the generals of Alexander the Great, known as the Diadochi, over who would rule his empire following his death.

5.1.Third War of the Diadochi

Was a war between Macedonian Generals that saw Ptolemy, Lysimachus and Cassander fight against Antigonus.

January 313 BC: Creation of the Nesiotic League under the auspices of Antigonus Monophthalmus of Macedon in c. 314/3 BC.

6. Syrian Wars

Were a series of six wars between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, successor states to Alexander the Great's empire, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC mainyl over the region then called Coele-Syria.

6.1.Third Syrian War

Was one of the wars between the Seleucid Kingdom and the Ptolemaic Kingdom over the domain in the Levant.

January 244 BC: Defeated at the Battle of Andros sometime between 258 and 245 BC, the Ptolemies ceded the Cyclades to Macedonia.

7. Cretan War (204-199 BC)

Was fought by King Philip V of Macedon, the Aetolian League, many Cretan cities (of which Olous and Hierapytna were the most important) and Spartan pirates against the forces of Rhodes and later Attalus I of Pergamum, Byzantium, Cyzicus, Athens, and Knossos.

January 199 BC: With the support of pirates, Philip V of Macedon of Macedon takes control of the Cyclades.

8. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

January 415 BC: Athens besieges Melos, which surrenders. The Athenians massacre the adult male Melians and sell the rest of the inhabitants into slavery.

January 386 BC: Melos becomes again indipendent from the Persians.