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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Kingdom of Arakan
Kingdom of Arakan (Hanthawaddy Vassal)
Kingdom of Arakan (Bengal Vassal)
Kingdom of Mrauk-U
Arakan Army
Arakha Army
Establishment
January 301: The first Arakanese state flourished in Dhanyawadi between the 4th and 6th centuries. King Chandrodaya is dated at the start of 3rd century AD and there are kings which are mentioned even prior to him.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Expansion during the rule of Anawrahta in the Pagan Kingdom.
January 1071: In December 1044, a Pagan prince named Anawrahta came to power. Over the next three decades, he turned this small principality into the First Burmese Empire. By the 1070s, Pagan had emerged as the main Theravada Buddhism stronghold.
Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.
2.1.Mongol invasions of Burma
Were two major military campaigns of the Mongols in Burma.
2.1.1.First Mongol invasion of Burma
Were a series of military conflicts between Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty, a division of the Mongol Empire, and the Pagan Empire took place between 1277 and 1287.
July 1287: The king of the pagan kingdom wanted to submit fully to the Yuan Empire but the kingdom collapsed and the mongols were only able to integrate the occupied northern part in their empire. On 1 July 1287, the king was captured en route and assassinated.
Was a military war fought between the Burmese-speaking Kingdom of Ava and the Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy.
January 1407: Ava expanded greatly between 1404 and 1406: it absorbed the Shan states of Kale and Mohnyin in the north, and Arakan in the west.
January 1413: Arakan becomes a tributary of Pegu.
January 1422: Arakan tributary of Pegu (1412-1421).
Was a military campaign led by the Bengal Sultanate to help Min Saw Mon regain control of his Launggyet Dynasty. The campaign was successful. Min Saw Mon was restored to the Launggyet throne, and northern Arakan became a vassal state of the Bengal Sultanate.
January 1431: A campaign led by the Bengal Sultanate to help Min Saw Mon, an Arakanese king, to regain control of his country. Bengali forces defeated Burmese forces and installed Min Saw Mon as the ruler of Mrauk U. As a result of the victory, Arakan became a vassal state of the Bengal Sultanate.
Was a conflict in the 16th century between the Bengal Sultanate and the Kingdom of Mrauk U.
January 1501: By the 16th century, Mrauk U challenged Bengali hegemony and declared independence.
January 1517: Alauddin Husain Shah, the Sultan of Bengal, invaded the region in the 1510s. The war persisted for four years until 1516, when Mrauk U recognized Bengali sovereignty over Chittagong and northern Arakan. As a result of the conflict, Mrauk U again became a vassal of the Bengal Sultanate.
Was a military conflict that took place in Arakan from 1545 to 1547 between the Toungoo Dynasty and the Kingdom of Mrauk U.
January 1547: Launggyet, a city in Burma, fell on 23 January 1547 to the forces of Toungoo Kingdom.
February 1547: The two sides involved in the agreement were the Taungoo forces, led by King Tabinshwehti, and the Kingdom of Mrauk-U, led by King Min Bin. The agreement allowed for an orderly withdrawal of Taungoo forces from Mrauk U, which began on 2 February 1547.
6.1.First campaign of the Toungoo-Mrauk-U War (1545-47)
Was the invasion of Arakan by Toungoo forces.
December 1546: Mrauk U land forces evacuated Thandwe.
Expansion during the rule of Aurangzeb in the Mughal Empire.
January 1667: Arakan suffered a major defeat to the forces of Mughal Bengal during the Battle of Chittagong in 1666.
Expansion during the rule of Bodawpaya of the Konbaung Dynasty.
January 1785: Konbaung Dynasty's conquest of Arakan in 1785.
A series of primarily ethnic conflicts within Myanmar that began shortly after the country, then known as Burma, became independent from the United Kingdom in 1948.
9.1.Myanmar Civil War
In response to the 2021 coup d'état by the Armed Forces of Myanmar, several ethnical and political factions of Myanmar started a rebellion against the Myanmar Government. The National Unity Government and its military wing, the People's Defence Force, ist the most important political faction fighting against the Military Junta. The Myanmar Civil War, however, involves many ethnical factions whose aim is either more autonomy from the central government or independence.
February 2021: Territories controlled by the Arakha Army at the start of the civil war.
September 2022: The Arakha Army captured 30 military outposts in Rakhine State and six in Paletwa Township in August. The Arakha Army seized a border police outpost on the Bangladesh border in Maungdaw Township.
October 2022: The Arakan Army captured the Lake Ya outpost near the border with Bangladesh in Maungdaw Township on 10 October. The Myanmar-Bangladesh border is mostly controlled by the Aarakha Army in this area.
October 2024: The Arakan Army encircles the town of Ann, Rakhine State.
December 2024: The Arakan Army takes Complete Control of Myanmar-Bangladesh Border After Seizing Maungdaw
December 2024: The Arakan Army takes full control of Taungup.
December 2024: The Arakan Army captures the town of Gwa.
January 2025: Rakhine Rebels Attack Myanmar Junta Checkpoint in Thabaung Township.
9.1.1.Rakhine offensive
Is a military offensive by the Arakhan Army against Myanmar's military junta in Rakhine and southern Chin State.
November 2023: Arakan forces captured Rathedaung Township. Clashes with regime forces broke out in Minbya and Maungdaw. Junta forces in Kyauktaw Township surrendered.
November 2023: Arakha forces captured the Paletwa Township in november 2023.
January 2024: On 17 January 2024, the Taingen camp on the Falam road to the Indian border was captured
January 2024: The Arakan Army captured the town of Pauktaw in Rakhine State concluding a three-month battle.
February 2024: The Arakan Army captured the remaining Tatmadaw bases in Minbya by 6 February.
February 2024: The Arakan Army captured the towns of Taung Pyo Letwe and Taung Pyo Letyar from the military junta.
February 2024: On February 7, the Arakan Army took control of Minbya Township
February 2024: The Arakan Army captured Kyauktaw.
February 2024: The Arakha Army took the city of Mrauk U.
February 2024: The Tatmadaw abandoned Myebon.
February 2024: Junta forces abandoned the town of Ma Ei.
March 2024: On 5 March, the Arakan Army reportedly captured the town of Ponnagyun and its surrounding township.
March 2024: The Arakan Army captured the town of Ramree.
March 2024: Arakan Army forces seized a camp near Ge Laung village, Ann Township.
April 2024: on 10 April, the Arakan Army rebranded itself as the "Arakha Army" to represent all people living in Rakhine State.
May 2024: On 3 May, the Arakan Army captured the headquarters of the Border Guard Police in Maungdaw Township at Kyee Kan Pyin.
May 2024: The Arakan Army announced on 18 May that it had taken complete control of Buthidaung.
June 2024: On 15 June, the Arakan Army launched an offensive to seize the town of Taungup.
June 2024: By 25 June, the Arakan Army had captured the town of Thandwe.
July 2024: On 29 July, the Arakan Army began attacking the headquarters of the 5th Border Guard Police Battalion, the last junta outpost in Maungdaw.
August 2024: On 14 August, the Arakan Army captured the town of Kyeintali.
January 626: The Khadga dynasty was a Hindu dynasty that ruled southeastern Bengal (Vanga and Samatata) in the 7th and 8th centuries (c. 625-710).
January 1101: The Kingdom of Kangleipak was established by King Loiyumba in 1110. He consolidated the kingdom by incorporating most of the principalities in the surrounding hills and is credited with having enacted a kind of written constitution for his state.
January 1351: Despites the opposition of the Yuan dynasty, Mong Mao conquered several surrounding states.
January 1401: The Twipra Kingdom is established by Maha Manikya. It encompassed the Barak valley (Cachar Plains) of present day Assam state of India, the Mizoram state of India, and the Tripura state of India.
January 1529: In 1528, the Sultan of Bengal permitted the Portuguese to establish factories and customs houses in the Port of Chittagong.
January 1532: Kingdom of Mrauk-U remained a protectorate of Begala until 1531.
February 1667: Arakan suffered a major defeat to the forces of Mughal Bengal during the Battle of Chittagong in 1666.
Selected Sources
Harvey, G. E. (1925): History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., pp. 23-34
https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/arakan-army-takes-full-control-of-taungup-as-key-myanmar-junta-outpost-falls/
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/almost-40-myanmar-junta-positions-abandoned-in-rakhine-arakan-army.html
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/resistance-groups-seized-nearly-90-myanmar-junta-outposts-since-coup.html
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/war-against-the-junta/aa-takes-complete-control-of-myanmar-bangladesh-border-after-seizing-maungdaw.html
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/war-against-the-junta/arakan-army-encircle-myanmar-junta-western-command-in-rakhine-state.html
https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/war-against-the-junta/rakhine-rebels-attack-myanmar-junta-checkpoint-on-bago-border.html
https://www.rfa.org/english/myanmar/2024/12/30/rakhine-arakan-army-gwa/
https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/border_base-10102022175110.html;https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/resistance-groups-seized-nearly-90-myanmar-junta-outposts-since-coup.html
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