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A series of primarily ethnic conflicts within Myanmar that began shortly after the country, then known as Burma, became independent from the United Kingdom in 1948.
Chronology
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April 1948: A series of primarily ethnic conflicts in Myanmar that began shortly after the country became independent. The conflict escalated into a full-scale civil war in 2021.
In response to the 2021 coup d'état by the Armed Forces of Myanmar, several ethnical and political factions of Myanmar started a rebellion against the Myanmar Government. The National Unity Government and its military wing, the People's Defence Force, ist the most important political faction fighting against the Military Junta. The Myanmar Civil War, however, involves many ethnical factions whose aim is either more autonomy from the central government or independence.
October 2024: The TNLA declared captures the city of Hsipaw.
November 2023: On Nov. 21, the KIA seized and took control of N Jang Yang without firing a shot as the junta’s forces fled and abandoned the town near the border with China.
October 2024: Resistance groups capture Pinlebu on the border of Sagaing Region and Kachin State.
December 2024: The Arakan Army captures the town of Gwa.
September 2024: The KIA seized a police station in Seing Taung, a village on the outskirts of Hpakant.
October 2022: The Arakan Army captured the Lake Ya outpost near the border with Bangladesh in Maungdaw Township on 10 October. The Myanmar-Bangladesh border is mostly controlled by the Aarakha Army in this area.
February 2024: The Karen National Army split off from the Myanmar Army in January 2024.
May 2024: The ZRA is active in Tonzang and Tedim Townships in Chin State, and Kalay and Tamu Townships in Sagaing Region.
October 2024: The Arakan Army encircles the town of Ann, Rakhine State.
June 2023: The Karenni IEC was established on 12 June 2023 by the Karenni State Consultative Council (KSCC) during the Myanmar civil war.
June 2024: The Kachin Independence Army capture the town of Sadon.
December 2024: Chin Resistance Forces Take Kanpetlet Town.
February 2021: Territories controlled by the Ta'ang National Liberation Army at the start of the civil war.
December 2024: The Arakan Army takes Complete Control of Myanmar-Bangladesh Border After Seizing Maungdaw
February 2021: Towns controlled by the People's Defence Force resistance around the start of the Myanmar Civil War.
February 2021: The United Wa State Army controlled part of the Wa State since before the start of the civil war.
February 2021: Towns controlled by the Kachin Independence Army from the start of the Myanmar Civil War.
February 2021: Territories controlled by the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army at the start of the civil war.
February 2021: Territories controlled by the Arakha Army at the start of the civil war.
August 2022: The Myanmar Army set fire to hundreds of homes in Hpakant Township, Kachin state forcing KIA withdrawal from the area.
September 2022: The regime has lost 14 bases and five police stations to the Karenni Army in Kayah State. The Karenni Army seized junta bases and police stations in Mese, Hpasawng, Hpruso, Bawlakhe, Demoso and Shadaw townships.
September 2022: Kachin resistance groups five outposts in Hpakant Township, three in Putao Township, two in Tanai Township, three in Bhamo Township and several outposts in Waingmaw and Shwegu townships
September 2022: The regime has lost at least 12 bases in Karen State and Bago Region
January 2024: PNLA takes control of Hsi Hseng.
December 2024: The Arakan Army takes full control of Taungup.
February 2021: The PNA protects the PNO-governed Pa-O Self-Administered Zone, which consists of three townships in southern Shan State: Hopong, Hsi Hseng, and Pinlaung townships.
February 2024: The New Mon State controls 35 Mon villages on the border between Thailand and Myanmar.
May 2024: Multiple sources and analysts showed the KNA took control of Myawaddy after the junta's remaining troops from the 275th LIB retreated
May 2024: The Kachin Independence Army seized a base overlooking the road between Hpakant and Kamaing.
January 2025: Rakhine Rebels Attack Myanmar Junta Checkpoint in Thabaung Township.
September 2024: The KIA captured the town of Chipwi.
September 2022: The Arakha Army captured 30 military outposts in Rakhine State and six in Paletwa Township in August. The Arakha Army seized a border police outpost on the Bangladesh border in Maungdaw Township.
September 2022: The regime has lost several bases in the Thantlang and Mindat townships. Chin forces also said that they control 85% of Mindat district.
November 2024: The Kachin Independence Army seized Phimaw town on the Chinese border.
1.1.Battle of Alaw Bum
A series of engagements that took place during the early days of the Myanmar civil war on the Alaw Bum Hill in Momauk Township, Kachin State.
March 2021: The Kachin Independence Army attacked and captured the Alaw Bum military base
1.2.Battle of Theemuhta
Was a battle between the Karen National Union and the Military Junta of Myanmar, part of the Myanmar Civil War.
March 2021: The Karen National Union seizes control of the Thee Mu Hta military base in Kayin state’s Mutraw (Hpapun) district.
1.3.Battle of Thantlang
The Battle of Thantlang is a series of battles fought over the control of Thantlang town in Chin State, Myanmar between junta forces and local Chin rebels.
October 2021: Thantlang became the site of major local resistance, between Chinland Defense Force, a local militia group formed in response to the coup, and the armed forces. Chin forces claim control of two-thirds of Thantlang.
1.4.Dry Zone Theater
The Dry Zone Theater denotes military activities in Myanmar's central dry zone, where various armed groups have engaged in conflict with the central government.
December 2021: On 13 December, Tatmadaw troops launched an offensive to retake Ke Bar, Ayadaw Township with the assistance of artillery and forced resistance fighters to retreat.
December 2021: Ke Bar, Ayadaw Township, is occupied by the People's Defence Force.
1.5.Chin State Theater
The Chin State Theater refers to the series of military operations and conflicts in Myanmar's Chin State during the ongoing civil war, involving ethnic armed groups and the Myanmar military.
June 2024: Chin resistance captures Matupi.
June 2024: Chin resistance captures the bases surrounding Matupi Township.
July 2024: On 20 July, as part of "Operation Rung", the CDF-Hakha captured the Hakha Main Police Station.
December 2023: In December 2023 the revolutionary forces in Chin State became splintered into two factions, the Chinland Council and the Chin Brotherhood Alliance, the former operating in northern and central Chin State and the latter operating in the south.
November 2023: Myanmar rebels take control of border point with India
May 2024: Chin resistance groups occupy Tonzang.
October 2022: In September 2022, the Chin National Army claimed that around 70% of the state was under the control of resistance forces.
May 2024: The Chin Brotherhood Alliance (CBA), with aid from other Chin groups and the Arakha Army, captured the strategic town of Kyindwe in southern Chin State on 2 May.
June 2024: A column of approximately 100 junta soldiers launched an assault on the Taingen village camp along the Tedim-Kalay road.
December 2023: The unrecognized State of Chinland declares independence from Myanmar after the Chin National Front ratifies its constitution.
June 2024: Both Kennedy Peak and Taingen village were recaptured by Chinland Council-led forces by 27 June, with junta forces retreating to Khaing Kham.
June 2024: junta forces recapturing Kennedy Peak
1.6.Battle of Kawkareik
The Battle of Kawkareik or siege of Kawkareik occurred in late October 2022 when the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) escalated fighting in southeastern Myanmar and besieged the district-level capital town of Kawkareik.
October 2022: The Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) escalated fighting in southeastern Myanmar and besieged the district-level capital town of Kawkareik.
1.7.Battle of Mese
Was a battle during the Myanmar Civil War, for the control of Mese Township on the border between Myanmar and Thailand in Kayah State.
June 2023: Military bases in Mese captured by rebels.
1.8.Operation 1027
Is an offensive conducted by the Three Brotherhood Alliance, a military coalition composed of three ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar: the Arakan Army (AA), Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), and Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA)
June 2024: It was reported that the TNLA had entered eastern areas of Mogok.
November 2023: The town of Khampat in Sagaing Region was taken by the PDF.
November 2023: The TNLA retook their Mine Kyat base in Lashio Township.
August 2024: The rebels took full control of the city of Lashio.
November 2023: The NUG Ministry of Defense said that at least six junta camps and police stations had been seized by rebel forces in northern Sagaing in Kawlin, Kantbalu, Kyunhla, Wuntho, Kalewa, Kale, Homalin and Tamu townships.
November 2023: On 29 November, it was reported that the MNDAA had captured the town of Konkyan in the Kokang SAZ.
October 2023: Reports indicated that the TNLA captured junta's 13 Mile Camp and Microweave Camp on the Namhkam-Namphatka Road in Namhkam Township.
November 2023: After assaulting Kawlin for three days, KIA, AA and PDF combined forces were finally able to capture the town.
August 2024: On 19 August, the PDF captured the town of Thabeikkyin.
November 2023: The TNLA captured a Kyinti military base on a bridge near Hsipaw.
December 2023: On 6 December, the MNDAA captured the military outpost on Four Buddhist Statues Hill immediately south of Laukkai.
January 2024: On 5 January, the MNDAA gained full control of Laukkai, the capital of the Kokang Self-Administered Zone
December 2023: On 7 December, the town of Monglon in Kyaukme township was seized by the TNLA.
December 2023: On 19 December, the MNDAA gained control of the Yanlonkyaing border gate and the Border Point 125 IDP camp on the Chinese border with Nansan, Yunnan, north of Laukkai.
December 2023: On 18 December, anti-junta forces fully gained control of Namkham and the surrounding Namhkam Township.
December 2023: On 31 December, the TNLA seized Mongngaw town in Kyaukme township.
January 2024: Footage appeared on social media suggesting that the United Wa State Army had taken control of Hopang, the nominal capital of the Wa Self-Administered Division, with junta forces losing control of the east bank of the Salween River.
January 2024: On 7 January, the Brotherhood Alliance claimed that it had captured Kutkai and Hsenwi on midnight after seizing junta military posts in the towns.
December 2023: On 29 December, the TNLA took control of Namtu prompting junta forces to bombard the town.
January 2024: On 21 January, after several days of fighting, allied resistance captured Mabein.
June 2024: By 28 June, the TNLA had captured Kyaukme and continued attacking the junta bases around the town.
July 2024: On 6 July, the MNDAA captured Nampawng village south of Lashio, encircling the town.
July 2024: On 24 July, the TNLA announced that it had fully captured the city of Mogok
December 2023: On 1 December, the MNDAA started penetrating the Tong Chain neighbourhood in southeastern Laukkai, beginning the Battle of Laukkai.
November 2023: The junta lost control of the city of Kunlong.
October 2023: The MNDAA reportedly had seized control of the town of Chinshwehaw.
October 2023: the MNDAA ambushed junta soldiers and seized three junta outposts in the town of Mong Ko.
October 2023: A TNLA-led force, alongside Mandalay PDF forces, attacked a junta camp in Kyaukkyan village-
November 2023: The Brotherhood Alliance claimed to be in "complete control" of both Chinshwehaw and Hsenwi.
November 2023: Namhkam was taken by the TNLA.
November 2023: The MNDAA announced that they had captured the Kyin San Kyawt border crossing in Muse District.
November 2023: Military bases on the western bank of the Salween River in Kunlong were taken by the MNDAA and both sides of the town came under its control.
December 2023: On 13 December, the KIA, along with the All Burma Students' Democratic Front and Indaw PDF, took the town of Maw Luu from junta forces.
December 2023: The Ta'ang National Liberation Army seized the town of Namhsan after around two weeks of fighting.
December 2023: TNLA captured Mantong in the evening of 22 December, completely capturing the Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone.
January 2024: The Kachin Independence Army captured the base of the Tatmadaw's 123rd Infantry Battalion in Nampaka village, Kutkai Township.
July 2024: On 17 July, the Mandalay PDF claimed to have taken control of the town of Singu.
July 2024: On 20 July, the junta claimed that it had recaptured the town of Singu after a day of fighting.
November 2023: Peng Hseng, a border town east of Muse, also came under alliance control.
November 2023: The military launched a successful offensive to retake their Sakhan Thit Kone base in Namhkam Township.
June 2024: On 26 June, Nawnghkio was captured by PDF and TNLA forces, and most of Kyaukme also fell to rebel forces.
February 2024: On 11 February, pro-junta media reported that the junta had recaptured Kawlin in Sagaing Region from the People's Defense Force and Kachin Independence Army.
November 2023: By 2 November 92 junta bases and four towns had been captured by the Brotherhood Alliance and its allies.
November 2023: The city of Mong Ko along the China-Myanmar border was captured by the MNDAA.
July 2024: On 31 July, TNLA forces took complete control over Mongmit after capturing the last junta in the town.
August 2024: On 12 August, the PDF took control of the town of Tagaung.
1.9.Battle of Loikaw
Was a battle for the city of Loikaw, in Myanmar's Kayah State, during the Myanmar Civil War.
November 2023: By 18 November Karenni forces further gained control in Loikaw, including the Loikaw District Court and Loikaw University.
November 2023: Karenni forces started attacking military bases around Loikaw.
November 2023: Rebels already controlled 80% of Kayah state and had surrounded Loikaw.
December 2023: By 18 December, anti-junta forces were reported to have control of 85% of the city of Loikaw.
1.10.Rakhine offensive
Is a military offensive by the Arakhan Army against Myanmar's military junta in Rakhine and southern Chin State.
February 2024: On February 7, the Arakan Army took control of Minbya Township
July 2024: On 29 July, the Arakan Army began attacking the headquarters of the 5th Border Guard Police Battalion, the last junta outpost in Maungdaw.
November 2023: Arakha forces captured the Paletwa Township in november 2023.
January 2024: The Arakan Army captured the town of Pauktaw in Rakhine State concluding a three-month battle.
February 2024: The Arakan Army captured the remaining Tatmadaw bases in Minbya by 6 February.
February 2024: The Tatmadaw abandoned Myebon.
August 2024: On 14 August, the Arakan Army captured the town of Kyeintali.
April 2024: on 10 April, the Arakan Army rebranded itself as the "Arakha Army" to represent all people living in Rakhine State.
January 2024: On 17 January 2024, the Taingen camp on the Falam road to the Indian border was captured
February 2024: The Arakan Army captured the towns of Taung Pyo Letwe and Taung Pyo Letyar from the military junta.
February 2024: The Arakha Army took the city of Mrauk U.
June 2024: On 15 June, the Arakan Army launched an offensive to seize the town of Taungup.
March 2024: The Arakan Army captured the town of Ramree.
June 2024: By 25 June, the Arakan Army had captured the town of Thandwe.
March 2024: On 5 March, the Arakan Army reportedly captured the town of Ponnagyun and its surrounding township.
November 2023: Arakan forces captured Rathedaung Township. Clashes with regime forces broke out in Minbya and Maungdaw. Junta forces in Kyauktaw Township surrendered.
February 2024: Junta forces abandoned the town of Ma Ei.
May 2024: On 3 May, the Arakan Army captured the headquarters of the Border Guard Police in Maungdaw Township at Kyee Kan Pyin.
February 2024: The Arakan Army captured Kyauktaw.
March 2024: Arakan Army forces seized a camp near Ge Laung village, Ann Township.
May 2024: The Arakan Army announced on 18 May that it had taken complete control of Buthidaung.
1.11.Operation Taungthaman
Is a military offensive launched by the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA), directed by the People's Defence Force (PDF) focused in Madaya Township of Mandalay Region.
November 2023: By 28 November, PDF and TNLA forces reported the capture of a junta base of around 120 soldiers in Madaya Township.
1.12.Operation 1107
Is an offensive by the Karenni National People's Liberation Front, Karenni Army, and Karenni Nationalities Defence Force against the Tatmadaw military junta in Myanmar, during the Myanmar civil war.
December 2023: KNLA and local PDF units captured the town of Mone in Kyaukkyi Township.
December 2023: As of December 15, fighting in Mobye is continuing, the insurgents claim to have taken 75% of the town.
December 2023: The Karen National Liberation Army seized positions along the Yangon-Naypyitaw-Mandalay highway.
1.13.Operation 1111
Is an offensive launched by Karenni Ethnic Armed Organisations (EAOs) including the Karenni Army (KA), Karenni Nationalities Defence Force (KNDF) and Karenni National People's Liberation Front (KNPLF). The operation was launched concurrently with Operation 1107, with the goal to capture Kayah State's capital city of Loikaw.
January 2024: On 7 January, the Karenni rebel forces launched an offensive against Pekon. By the following day, they had captured the police station, as well as state and government offices, bringing most of the city under their control.
March 2024: Karenni forces captured Hpasawng and most of Hpasawng Township on 14 March.
January 2024: Mawchi has fallen to Karenni forces as of 29 January.
August 2024: In early August it were reported that Tatmadaw had secured Loikaw, including much of its rural township, according to Tatmadaw claims and civilian reports.
1.14.Operation 0307
Is an offensive in Kachin State led by the Kachin Independence Army (KIA).
March 2024: Over 8 March, the KIA seized three major junta bases and several outposts, including Hpyun Pyen Bum.
March 2024: Dawthponeyan subtownship was captured the KIA.
April 2024: By 1 April, the KIA captured the entirety of the Bhamo-Lweje road.
May 2024: KIA captured the Nam Byu base southwest of Tanai.
May 2024: KIA launched an offensive in Waingmaw Township, capturing almost a dozen junta bases by 20 May.
April 2024: On 9 April, the KIA captured oije town on the Chinese border.
April 2024: the KIA captured Sinbo on 29 April, cutting off the Bhamo-Myitkyina road and encircling Bhamo.
May 2024: By 13 May, the KIA claimed to have captured half of Mansi.
May 2024: KIA reported that junta soldiers had withdrew from Momauk.
April 2024: the KIA captured Sezin, cutting off all major roads to Hpakant and completely encircling the town.
May 2024: Between 4-5 May, the KIA captured the Sumprabum Tactical Command Center and several junta camps around Sumprabum.
March 2024: On 28 March, KIA seized two junta bases in Yaw Yone and Nga Gayan near Loije town on the Chinese border.
1.15.Siege of Myawaddy
Was the siege of Myawaddy, located on the eastern border with Thailand, by rebel forces during the Myanmar Civil War.
April 2024: The siege of Myawaddy began with weeks of sustained attacks by ethnic Karen insurgents on military positions in and around Myawaddy.
April 2024: Karen resistance withdrawal from Kawkareik and Myawaddy by 24 April.
Selected Sources
2024, June 14th. KIA Seizes Myanmar Junta’s Last Remaining China Trade Route in Kachin State. The Irrawaddy. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/war-against-the-junta/kia-seizes-myanmar-juntas-last-remaining-china-trade-route-in-kachin-state.html
2024, May 30th. Briefing Paper: Effective Control in Myanmar 2024 Update. 2024, May 30th. Special Advisory Council for Myanmar. https://specialadvisorycouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/SAC-M-Effective-Control-in-Myanmar-2024-Update-ENGLISH.pdf
2024, May 3rd. Battle breaks out between ZRA and CNA in Tedim. CNA News. https://cnimyanmar.com/index.php/english-edition/21852-battle-breaks-out-between-zra-and-cna-in-tedim;Khaing, M.. 2024, May 16th. Chin Tensions High as Myanmar Junta Blockades Border Town. The Irrawaddy. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/chin-tensions-high-as-myanmar-junta-blockades-border-town.html
Alaw Bum Military Base,24.712117,97.488365
Naing, A.. 2024, January 24th. Pa-O, Karenni forces seize control of town in southern Shan State. Myanmar Now. https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/pa-o-karenni-forces-seize-control-of-town-in-southern-shan-state/
Swe, N.. 2022, August 12th. Junta forces torch Hpakant Township village after forcing KIA withdrawal, locals say. Myanmar Now. https://web.archive.org/web/20240106184800/https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/junta-forces-torch-hpakant-township-village-after-forcing-kia-withdrawal-locals-say/
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https://www2.irrawaddy.com/print_article.php?art_id=21447
Internal conflict in Myanmar
