Mongol invasions of Burma
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Were two major military campaigns of the Mongols in Burma.
Chronology
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Were a series of military conflicts between Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty, a division of the Mongol Empire, and the Pagan Empire took place between 1277 and 1287.
December 1283: Kaungsin, a fortress in modern-day Myanmar, fell to the Yuan Dynasty in 1283.
July 1287: The king of the pagan kingdom wanted to submit fully to the Yuan Empire but the kingdom collapsed and the mongols were only able to integrate the occupied northern part in their empire. On 1 July 1287, the king was captured en route and assassinated.
December 1283: In 1283, the Burmese city of Ngasaunggyan was besieged by the Yuan Dynasty forces led by Kublai Khan. The Burmese defenders, led by King Narathihapate, held out for over two months before the fort finally fell to the Yuan forces. This event marked a significant victory for the Yuan Dynasty in their expansion into Southeast Asia.
January 1280: Ngasaunggyan was conquered by the Pagan Kingdom.
February 1284: Yuan conquest of Tagaung.
December 1284: The Mongol army, led by Kublai Khan, renewed their offensive and retook Tagaung in 1284. Tagaung was a city in Myanmar that was previously under the control of the Yuan Dynasty. This victory was part of the Mongol Empire's expansion into Southeast Asia.
January 1285: In 1285, the Yuan Dynasty forces, led by Kublai Khan's general, defeated a Burmese stand south of Tagaung, near Hanlin. This victory solidified the Yuan Dynasty's control over the region and expanded their territory further into Burma.
May 1284: The Chinese found the heat of the searing Irrawaddy valley excessive, and evacuated Tagaung, allowing the Burmese to return to the city.
Was a Mongol invasion of the Myinsaing Kingdom, in Burma.
April 1301: Thihathu, Yazathingyan, and Athinkhaya were the rulers of Myinsaing Kingdom. The Mongol government at Yunnan had sent the besiegers to invade Myinsaing, but they were bribed by the brothers and eventually withdrew on 6 April 1301. After the failed invasion, the Mongol government executed their commanders and did not attempt any further invasions.
January 1301: In 1301, the Yuan Dynasty invaded Myinsaing after declaring Kumara Kassapa as the rightful king of Burma. The Mongol Emperor sent an army from Yunnan, which reached Myinsaing on 25 January 1301.
