This article is about the specific polity Terra Mariana and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Was a polity formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade, its territories were composed of present-day Estonia and Latvia. It was established on 2 February 1207, as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire, but lost this status in 1215 when Pope Innocent III proclaimed it as directly subject to the Holy See.
Establishment
January 1216: It lost the status in 1215 when Pope Innocent III proclaimed it as directly subject to the Holy See.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was the invasion of northern Germany by king Canute VI of Denmark caused by disagreement with Adolf III, Count of Schauenburg and Holstein, over the possession of the island of Rügen.
July 1227: Battle of Bornhöved: Count Adolf IV of Schauenburg and Holstein defeated King Valdemar II of Denmark. As a result, the Danish border with the Holy Roman Empire was moved north from the Elbe river to the Eider River, the southern border of the Duchy of Schleswig.
Were a series of wars between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Moscow (later the Tsardom of Russia).
2.1.Second Lithuanian-Muscovite border war
Was a war between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
2.1.1.Livonian Intervention alongside Lithuania
The Livonian Order joined the Second Muscovite Border War as an ally of Lithuania.
August 1501: In 1501, the Livonian Order, led by Wolter von Plettenberg, allied with Lithuania and emerged victorious in the Battle of the Siritsa River (57°35′09″N 27°52′54″E).
September 1501: The Livonian Knights evacuate the area of the Siritsa River.
October 1501: Siege of Pskov by the Livonian Knights.
October 1502: The Livonian Knights defeated thejoint armies of Pskov and Moscow in the Battle of Lake Smolino.
November 1502: The Livonian knights left the are of Lake Smolino.
2.1.2.Truce (Second Lithuanian-Muscovite border war)
A six-year truce was concluded on the Feast of the Annunciation, ending the Second Muscovite Border War. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania lost approximately 210,000 square kilometres (81,000 sq mi), or a third of its territory.
March 1503: A six-year truce was concluded between Moscow and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania on the Feast of the Annunciation in 1503. As a result of this agreement, the Grand Duchy lost about a third of its territory to Moscow, including significant regions such as Chernihiv, Novhorod-Siverskyi, Starodub, and lands around the upper Oka River. The other territories Moscow had occupied, were evacuated.
Was a series of wars fought between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Khanate of Kazan from 1439, until Kazan was finally conquered by the Tsardom of Russia under Ivan the Terrible in 1552.
3.1.Wars of Vasily III
Russian military campaign against the Khanate of Kazan by Vasily III.
January 1511: Expansion of the Grand Duchy of Moscow by 1511.
Was a peace treaty and an alliance concluded on 5 and 14 September 1557 between the Livonian Confederation and the Polish-Lithuanian union, whereby the former put its territories under Polish-Lithuanian protection.
September 1557: The Treaty or Peace of Pozvol, Pasvalys or Pozwol was a peace treaty and an alliance concluded on 5 and 14 September 1557 between the Livonian Confederation and the Polish-Lithuanian union, whereby the former put its territories under Polish-Lithuanian protection.
January 1225: Mõhu conquered by the Teutonic Order during the Estonian Crusade.
January 1225: Nurmekund conquered by the Teutonic Order during the Estonian Crusade.
January 1228: Vironian territories were taken by Brothers of the Sword.
January 1228: With the wars against Estonians from 1208 to 1227, the Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquered Estonia with the exception of Saarema and Danish Estonia.
January 1228: In 1227, Saaremaa was conquered by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword.
January 1228: In 1227 the Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquered all Danish territories in Northern Estonia.
January 1231: In 1230 the Curonians in the northern part of Courland, under their ruler (rex) Lammechinus, signed a peace treaty with the Germans, and the lands they inhabited thus became known as Vredecuronia or Peace Courland. The southern Curonians, however, continued to resist the invaders.
January 1237: After the defeat of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword in the Battle of Saule in 1236 fighting again broke out on Saaremaa.
January 1238: The Battle of Saule took place in 1236 between the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and the Samogitians. After suffering heavy losses, the surviving members of the Brothers of the Sword merged into the Teutonic Order of Prussia in 1237, and became known as Livonian Order.
January 1411: The Teutonic Order fell into decline after Poland and Lithuania defeated it in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. The Livonian Order managed to maintain an independent existence.
Disestablishment
September 1557: The Treaty or Peace of Pozvol, Pasvalys or Pozwol was a peace treaty and an alliance concluded on 5 and 14 September 1557 between the Livonian Confederation and the Polish-Lithuanian union, whereby the former put its territories under Polish-Lithuanian protection.
Selected Sources
Атлас 7 класс История России 16 - конец 17 века (Atlas, 7th grade, History of Russia, 16th - end of the 17th century.) , Дрофа Publisher (2015), Moscow (Russia), p. 2
Terra Mariana
