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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Nanzhao
Dachange
Datianxing
Dayining
Dali Kingdom
Dazhong Kingdom
Dali Kingdom (Mongol Empire)
Dali Kingdom (Yuan)
Establishment
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a Kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
1.1.1st war with Nanzhao
Was the first of a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
January 752: In 751, Xianyu Zhongtong, a general of the Tang Dynasty, led an army of 80,000 soldiers to attack the Nanzhao border regions. However, they were defeated by the forces of Nanzhao, a powerful kingdom in present-day Yunnan, China.
February 752: In 751, Tang dynasty general Xianyu Zhongtong led an army of 80,000 to attack the Nanzhao kingdom in the border regions. However, he was decisively defeated in 752, leading to the territory falling under Nanzhao control.
1.2.2nd war with Nanzhao
Was the second of a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a Kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
January 755: In 754, the Tang Dynasty official Yang Guozhong invaded the Nanzhao border regions. He failed to engage with the enemy until supplies ran out, leading to a successful attack by the Nanzhao forces, resulting in their defeat.
February 755: In 754, the Tang dynasty official Yang Guozhong invaded the Nanzhao border regions but was unable to engage with the enemy due to running out of supplies. As a result, they were eventually attacked and defeated by the forces of Nanzhao in 755.
1.3.3rd war with Nanzhao
Was the third of a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a Kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
January 830: In 829, Nanzhao sacked Chengdu.
February 830: End of the sack of Chengdu by the forces of Nanzhao.
1.4.4th war with Nanzhao
Was the fourth of a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a Kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
January 847: In 846, the kingdom of Nanzhao, ruled by King Piluoge, launched a raid on Annan, a region located in present-day Vietnam. This event was part of the ongoing power struggles and territorial expansion efforts in the region during the Tang Dynasty in China.
February 847: In 846, the kingdom of Nanzhao, ruled by King Piluoge, launched a raid on the territory of Annan, which was under the control of King Zhang Tian. This event marked a period of conflict between the two kingdoms in the region.
1.5.5th war with Nanzhao
Was the fifth of a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
January 862: Nanzhao troops were driven out from Bozhou and Annan by a Tang army.
1.6.6th war with Nanzhao
Was the sixth of a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
March 863: In 863, the kingdom of Nanzhao, led by King Zhuye Chixin, launched an invasion of Đại La with 50,000 troops. The local people supported Nanzhao, leading to the successful siege of Đại La by March 1st.
December 866: Annan troops completed the retaking of Đại La in fall 866.
1.7.7th war with Nanzhao
Was the seventh of a series of wars between Tang China and Nanzhao, a kingdom centred in present-day Yunnan.
January 870: In 869, the Kingdom of Nanzhao, ruled by King Yimouxun, laid siege to Chengdu, which was under the control of the Tang Dynasty .
February 870: Chengdu successfully defended against the Nanzhao attack and remained under Tang control.
Expansion during the rule of Anawrahta in the Pagan Kingdom.
January 1071: In December 1044, a Pagan prince named Anawrahta came to power. Over the next three decades, he turned this small principality into the First Burmese Empire. By the 1070s, Pagan had emerged as the main Theravada Buddhism stronghold.
Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.
January 1254: In 1253, the Dali Kingdom was conquered by the Mongols.
3.1.Mongol invasions of Burma
Were two major military campaigns of the Mongols in Burma.
3.1.1.First Mongol invasion of Burma
Were a series of military conflicts between Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty, a division of the Mongol Empire, and the Pagan Empire took place between 1277 and 1287.
January 1280: Ngasaunggyan was conquered by the Pagan Kingdom.
Were a series of wars between the successor states of the Mongol Empire.
4.1.Toluid Civil War
Was a war of succession over the Mongol Empire fought between Kublai Khan and his younger brother, Ariq Böke, from 1260 to 1264.
4.1.1.Division of the Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire fragmented into four successor states at the beginning of the Toluid Civil War.
January 1261: The Mongol Empire fragmented into four political units: the Golden Horde, the Ilkhanate, the Yuan Dynasty and the Chagatai Khanate.
Was the final phase in the Ming dynasty expulsion of Mongol-led Yuan dynasty rule from China proper in the 1380s.
January 1383: The Dali kings continued to administer their kingdom as Mongol vassals until the Ming conquest of Yunnan.
January 739: In the year 737 AD, with the support of the Tang dynasty, the great grandson of Xinuluo, Piluoge, united the six zhaos in succession, establishing a new kingdom called Nanzhao.
January 801: The state of Hsenwi was established by Shan people in the 7th century. It was also known as Siviraṭṭha.
January 801: Hariphunchai was a state founded at an uncertain date between the 7th and 8th centuries by the Mon in the territory of today's Northern Thailand. It took its name from its capital, Hariphunchai, the ancient name of today's Lamphun.
January 861: In 860, Nanzhao attacked Bozhou and Annan, briefly taking Đại La.
January 903: In 902, the dynasty of Nanzhao came to a bloody end when the chief minister, Zheng Maisi, murdered the royal family and usurped the throne, renaming it to Dachanghe (902-928).
June 907: Wang Jian was named military governor of western Sichuan by the Tang court in 891. As the Tang Dynasty weakened and eventually fell in 907, Wang was able to expand his holdings into eastern Sichuan and took the title of emperor as the Tang fell in 907, establishin Former Shu.
January 929: In 928, a White Mywa noble, Yang Ganzhen, aided Zhao Shanzheng in overthrowing the Zheng family, and establishing Datianxing (928-929).
January 930: The new Datianxing regime lasted only a year before Zhao was killed by Yang, who created Dayining (929-937).
January 938: Duan Siping seized power in 937 and established the Dali Kingdom.
February 939: The rebel Annamese forces, led by Ngô Quyền defeated the invading forces of the Southern Han state of China and put an end to centuries of Chinese imperial domination in Vietnam. The Ngô Dynasty (939-965), founded by Ngô Quyền, was the first Vietnamese dynasty after the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam.
January 1001: Towards the 11th century, the emerging Khmer Empire extended its influence north to conquer Vientiane, as confirmed by Khmer inscriptions found in the central Wat Simuang temple.
January 1095: In 1094, the former prime minister Gao Shengtai forced King Duan Zhengming to relinquish the throne to him and renamed the Dali Kingdom to "Dazhong Kingdom".
January 1097: Gao Shengtai ruled briefly until his death in 1096, after which the throne of Dali was returned to the Duan family.
January 1101: The Kingdom of Kangleipak was established by King Loiyumba in 1110. He consolidated the kingdom by incorporating most of the principalities in the surrounding hills and is credited with having enacted a kind of written constitution for his state.
January 1181: The Kingdom of Chiang Hung was a state founded in 1180 by King Pagna Jueang in today's Chinese prefecture of Xishuangbanna, in southern Yunnan. It was named after the capital, today's Jinghong.
January 1212: The Pagan Kingdom expanded to the Salween river in the east.
January 1212: The Pagan Kingdom expanded into current Chinese territory farther north.
January 1244: The state of Kengtung was founded in 1243 by a prince named Mang Kun.
January 1257: Mong Mao, a Tai kingdom, emerged in 1256 in Ruili, Yunnan, after the fall of the Kingdom of Dali to the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in 1254. The kingdom was ruled by King Mangrai, a descendant of the legendary Tai ruler Khun Borom.
January 1301: By the beginning of the fourteenth century, Sukhothai controlled most of present-day Thailand.
January 1351: Despites the opposition of the Yuan dynasty, Mong Mao conquered several surrounding states.
Disestablishment
January 1383: The Dali kings continued to administer their kingdom as Mongol vassals until the Ming conquest of Yunnan.
Selected Sources
Harvey, G. E. (1925): History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., pp. 23-34
Kopalyan, N. (2017): World Political Systems after Polarity, Taylor & Francis, p. 164
nanzhao
