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Name: Kingdom of Bulgaria

Type: Polity

Start: 1908 AD

End: 1944 AD

Nation: bulgaria

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Icon Kingdom of Bulgaria

This article is about the specific polity Kingdom of Bulgaria and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.

If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics

In 1908 the Ottoman vassal Principality of Bulgaria declared its independence as Kingdom of Bulgaria. The Kingdom lasted until the end of World War II, when it was occupied by the advancing Red Army.

Establishment


  • October 1908: Bulgaria declared its independence as the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
  • Chronology


    Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

    1. Balkan Wars


    Were two wars fought in southeastern Europe in 1912-1913 during which the states of the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia) first conquered Macedonia and much of Thrace from the Ottomans and then clashed with each other over the division of the conquered lands.

    1.1.Second Balkan War

    Was a war fought by Bulgary against a coalition of Balkan states. During the First Balkan War the Balkan League had conquered most of the Ottoman Balkan territories. Bulgaria was dissatisfied by the territorial partition and invaded its former allies.

  • October 1913: Under British pressure, the Bulgaria and the Ottomans signed the Treaty of Constantinople, which satisfied the Turkish claims to recognition of Eastern Thrace and recognized Western Thrace as part of Bulgaria. The Ottomans withdrew their forces and by 25 October, and the area was returned by Bulgaria.

  • 1.1.1.Romanian intervention (Second Balkan War)

    Was a Romanian military offensive against Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War.

  • July 1913: On the day of Romania's declaration of War, 80,000 men of the 5th Corps under General Ioan Culcer invaded Dobruja, occupying a front from Tutrakan to Balchik.
  • July 1913: The Romanian cavalry occupied the port city of Varna.
  • July 1913: On the night of 14-15 July, the Danube Army under Prince Ferdinand of Romania crossed into Bulgaria at Oryahovo, Gigen and Nikopol.
  • July 1913: On 18 July, Romanian forces occupied the city of Ferdinand, which is known today as Montana.
  • July 1913: On 20 July Greek forces occupied Vratsa.
  • July 1913: Romanian cavalry forces entered Vrazhdebna.
  • July 1913: The Romanians and Serbs linked up at Belogradchik.

  • 1.1.2.Ottoman intervention (Second Balkan War)

    Was an Ottoman military offensive against Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War.

  • August 1913: The Ottoman armies crossed into Bulgarian territory. A cavalry unit advanced on Yambol.

  • 1.1.3.Greek offensive (Second Balkan War)

    Was a Greek military offensive against Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War.

  • July 1913: The Bulgarian army, under heavy pressure by Greek forces, was forced to abandon Gorna Dzhumaya.

  • 1.1.4.Treaty of Bucarest

    Was the treaty that ended the Second Balkan War.

  • August 1913: In 1913, as a result of the Treaty of Bucharest, Bulgaria ceded southern Dobruja to Romania.
  • August 1913: The Sofia government obtained the Blagoevgrad district and a part of Western Thrace.
  • August 1913: The European borders of Turkey were set with the Treaty of Bucarest that ended the Second Balkan War.
  • August 1913: Bulgarians stopped the Serbian offensive in Macedonia at Kalimanci.
  • August 1913: After the retreat of both the Bulgarian and Greek armies, an autonomous state was declared in Western Thrace with Ottoman support to prevent Bulgarian rule following the Treaty of Bucharest.

  • 2. World War I


    Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.

    2.1.World War I eastern Front

    Was the theatre of war in eastern Europe during World War I.

    2.1.1.Romania during World War I

    Romanian theatre of World War I.

  • May 1918: Everything below Constanța was annexed by Bulgaria.
  • November 1918: On November 10 Romania declared war once again to the Central Powers.

  • 2.2.Aftermath of World War I

    Were a series of treaties and military events that can be considered a direct consequence of World War I.

    2.2.1.Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine

    The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine required Bulgaria to cede various territories, after Bulgaria had been one of the Central Powers defeated in World War I. The treaty was signed on 27 November 1919 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.

  • November 1919: The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine established the border of Bulgaria with the Ottoman Empire.
  • November 1919: The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine required Bulgaria to cede various territories, after Bulgaria had been one of the Central Powers defeated in World War I. The treaty was signed on 27 November 1919 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.

  • 3. World War II


    Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.

    3.1.World War II (Balkan Theatre)

    Was the theatre of conflict of World War II that took place in the Balkans.

    3.1.1.Invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis

    Was a military operation by the Axis forces that resulted in the occupation and partition of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

    3.1.1.1.Surrender and partition of Yugoslavia

    Was the partition of Yugoslavia among the invading Axis forces.

  • April 1941: Yugoslavia was partitioned ca. April 20-22, 1941 among the Axis countries (Italy and Germany) and their satellite states (Hungary, Bulgaria, Albania).

  • 3.1.2.Establishment of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia

    Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was a provisional state established during World War II on 29 November 1943 through the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ). .

  • November 1943: The Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was a provisional state established during World War II on 29 November 1943 through the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ).

  • 3.1.3.Soviet invasion of Bulgaria

    Was the Soviet invasion of Bulgaria during World War II.

  • September 1944: On 8 September, Soviet forces crossed the Bulgarian-Romanian border and on the eve of 8 September garrison detachments, led by Zveno officers, overthrew the government after taking strategic points in Sofia and arresting government ministers.
  • September 1944: The Soviets established a new communist government in Bulgaria, with Kimon Georgiev as prime minister. The Red Army remained in occupation of Bulgaria until 1947.

  • Disestablishment


  • September 1944: On 8 September, Soviet forces crossed the Bulgarian-Romanian border and on the eve of 8 September garrison detachments, led by Zveno officers, overthrew the government after taking strategic points in Sofia and arresting government ministers.
  • September 1944: The Soviets established a new communist government in Bulgaria, with Kimon Georgiev as prime minister. The Red Army remained in occupation of Bulgaria until 1947.
  • Selected Sources


  • Tomasevich, J. (1975): War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945, Stanford University Press, pp. 89-92
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