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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
County of Tripoli
County of Tripoli (Mongol Empire)
County of Tripoli (Ilkhanate)
Establishment
July 1109: When the Frankish Crusaders - mostly southern French forces - captured Tripoli in 1109, Bertrand of Toulouse became the first Count of Tripoli as a vassal of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem.
July 1109: Rafaniya was conquered by the Seljukids.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the Medieval period. The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291.
1.1.Siege of Tripoli
Tripoli was captured by the Crusaders, becoming the capital of the County of Tripoli.
1.2.Fall of Krak des Chevaliers
The Crusader fortress of Krak des Chevaliers fell to the Mamluk sultan Baybars in 1271.
March 1271: Baibars' army arrived at the Krak des Chevaliers, a Crusader's castle now located in Syria.
1.3.Fall of Tripoli (1289)
Was the capture and destruction of the Crusader state, the County of Tripoli (in what is modern-day Lebanon), by the Muslim Mamluks.
April 1289: The Siege of Tripoli in 1289 was led by the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, under the command of Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil. The city was defended by the Knights Hospitaller, led by Grand Master Odo de Pins. The Mamluks eventually captured the city, ending Crusader control in the region.
May 1289: The Fall of Tripoli was the capture and destruction of the Crusader state by the Mamluks.
Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.
January 1259: When Hulagu headed further west, the Armenians from Cilicia, the Seljuks from Rum and the Christian realms of Antioch and Tripoli submitted to Mongol authority, joining them in their assault against the Muslims.
2.1.Mongol-Mamluk Wars
Were a series of wars between the Mongols and the Muslim Dynasties of the Ayyubids and Mamluks.
2.1.1.Mamluk-Ilkhanid War
Was a war between the Ilkhanate, a successor of the Mongol Empire, and the Mamluks.
May 1285: Qalawun was the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt who raised an army in Damascus to besiege Margat in 1285. Margat was a fortress located in present-day Syria, strategically important for controlling the coastal region. The siege marked a significant event in the conflict between the Mamluks and the Crusader states.
Were a series of wars between the successor states of the Mongol Empire.
3.1.Toluid Civil War
Was a war of succession over the Mongol Empire fought between Kublai Khan and his younger brother, Ariq Böke, from 1260 to 1264.
3.1.1.Division of the Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire fragmented into four successor states at the beginning of the Toluid Civil War.
January 1261: The Mongol Empire fragmented into four political units: the Golden Horde, the Ilkhanate, the Yuan Dynasty and the Chagatai Khanate.
March 1126: The united crusader troops from Jerusalem, Tripoli and Antioch laid siege to Rafaniya on 13 March 1126. Rafaniya fell to the crusaders on 31 March.
July 1137: Battle of Ba'rin.
January 1138: In 1137, Raymond II, the reigning count of Tripoli, lost control of Montferrand.
January 1171: In the 1170s, Margat was controlled by Reynald II Mazoir of Antioch as a vassal of the count of Tripoli.
January 1175: In 1174, Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush, a commander under al-Muzaffar Umar, conquered Tripoli from the Normans.
July 1187: Saladin received the surrender of Sarepta, Sidon, Beirut, and Jableh.
January 1188: On 1 January 1188, Saladin agreed to withdraw from Tripoli.
Disestablishment
April 1289: The Siege of Tripoli in 1289 was led by the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, under the command of Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil. The city was defended by the Knights Hospitaller, led by Grand Master Odo de Pins. The Mamluks eventually captured the city, ending Crusader control in the region.
May 1289: The Fall of Tripoli was the capture and destruction of the Crusader state by the Mamluks.
Selected Sources
Kopalyan, N. (2017): World Political Systems after Polarity, Taylor & Francis, p. 164
county of tripoli
