Mamluk-Ilkhanid War
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Was a war between the Ilkhanate, a successor of the Mongol Empire, and the Mamluks.
Chronology
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June 1300: When the Mamluks returned from Egypt, the Mongols retreated from the occupied regions in the Levant.
January 1262: Kyrrhos and Gaziantep (Ayntab) area conquered by Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt.
December 1271: When the sultan Baybars advanced from Egypt the Mongol forces retreated beyond the Euphrates.
January 1272: Kyrrhos and Gaziantep (Ayntab) area conquered by Ilkhanate.
January 1273: Kyrrhos and Gaziantep (Ayntab) area conquered by Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt.
April 1277: The Mamluks invaded Anatolia and defeated the Mongols at the Battle of Elbistan.
May 1277: The Mamluks leave Anatolia.
October 1281: The Mongols were beaten back to the Euphrates river at the Second Battle of Homs.
November 1281: The Mongols of the Ilkhanate moved as far south as Homs.
January 1282: Kyrrhos and Gaziantep (Ayntab) area conquered by Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt.
May 1285: Qalawun was the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt who raised an army in Damascus to besiege Margat in 1285. Margat was a fortress located in present-day Syria, strategically important for controlling the coastal region. The siege marked a significant event in the conflict between the Mamluks and the Crusader states.
January 1293: Marash, a city in modern-day Turkey, was captured by Al-Ashraf Khalil, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, in 1292.
January 1293: In 1292, it was invaded by Al-Ashraf Khalil, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, who had conquered the remnants of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in Acre the year before. Hromkla was also sacked, forcing the Catholicossate to move to Sis. Het'um was forced to abandon Behesni, Marash, and Tel Hamdoun to the Turks.
November 1299: In late 1299, the Mongol Ilkhan Mahmud Ghazan, son of Arghun, invaded Syria with his army. They crossed the Euphrates river and successfully took Aleppo, continuing south towards Homs.
December 1299: In 1299, the Mongol ruler Ghazan led his forces to besiege Damascus, which surrendered on December 30. Ghazan was the fifth Ilkhanate ruler, and Damascus was a key city in the region at the time.
February 1300: With the retreat of the majority of forces from both sides, for about three months, until the Mamluks returned in May 1300, Mulay's forces were in technical control over Syria.
December 1301: The Mamluk army in Syria withdrew without engaging in combat, which resulted in a panic in Damascus when they heard of the new threat from the Mongols. The Syrians of Hamat were able to achieve a small victory against the Mongols at a battle near Aleppo by the post of Hamat. This created order in Damascus, enough for the governor to send for a larger relief force from Egypt.
January 1305: Marash was finally taken by the Mamluks in 1304.
January 1313: Encouraged by the defection of some Syrian emirs, Ilkhan Öljaitü decided to cross the Euphrates in 1312 to attack the Mamluk Sultanate. He laid siege to the heavily fortified town of Rahbat.
January 1300: Marash was recaptured by Hethum II, King of Cilician Armenia, in 1299.
January 1300: Kyrrhos and Gaziantep (Ayntab) area conquered by Ilkhanate.
January 1313: After about a month of fighting in which they suffered heavy casualties, the Mongols ultimately left the territories they had occupied in the levant.
November 1281: The third major Mongol invasion of the Levant took place in 1281 under Ilkhan Abaqa Khan. He crossed the Euphrates and captured Aleppo.
November 1271: Second mongol invasion of Syria.
December 1301: In late 1300, Ghazan's forces (Ilkhanate) had dealt with the distraction of the Chagatai invasion on their northern border, and once again turned their attention to Syria. They crossed the Euphrates river between December 14, 1300 and November 1, 1301.
January 1300: Damascus conquered by Ilkhanate.
January 1304: The Ilkhanate returned to Syria in 1303, travelling unopposed down the Levant until they reached Damascus.
January 1301: Small raiding parties raided all throughout Palestine, as far as Gaza, until the Mongol army withdrew in 1300 out of need of fodder.
January 1286: In 1281, following the defeat of the Mongols and the Armenians under Möngke Temur by the Mamluks at the Second Battle of Homs, a truce was forced on Armenia. Further, in 1285, following a powerful offensive push by Qalawun, the Armenians had to sign a ten-year truce under harsh terms. The Armenians were obligated to cede many fortresses to the Mamluks and were prohibited to rebuild their defensive fortifications.
January 1281: Kyrrhos and Gaziantep (Ayntab) area conquered by Ilkhanate.
