If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this nation you can find it here: All Statistics
The cluster includes all the forms of the country since its independence in the XIX Century.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Greek Independists
Hellenic State
Kingdom of Greece
Hellenic Republic
Establishment
March 1821: War was declared on the Turks by the Maniots in Areopoli.
March 1821: In Achaia, the town of Kalavryta was besieged by Greek Independists.
March 1821: In 1821, in Patras, conflicts between Greek Independists and Ottoman forces lasted for many days.
March 1821: Kalamata fell to the Greeks on 23 March.
March 1821: The first region to revolt against the Ottomans in Central Greece wasPhocis.
March 1821: By the end of March, the Greeks effectively controlled the countryside, while the Turks were confined to the fortresses, most notably those of Patras (recaptured by the Turks on 3 April by Yussuf Pasha), Rio, Acrocorinth, Monemvasia, Nafplion and the provincial capital, Tripolitsa.
March 1821: Salona conquered by Greek Independists.
March 1821: In Boeotia, Livadeia was captured by Greek Independist Athanasios Diakos.
April 1821: Thebes conquered by Greek Independists.
April 1821: Patras was recaptured by the Turks of Yussuf Pasha.
April 1821: The revolutionary forces were led by Greek independence fighters such as Alexandros Mavrokordatos and Demetrios Ypsilantis. The Turkish garrison was under the command of Ottoman military leader Mehmet Reshid Pasha. The siege of the Acropolis marked a significant turning point in the Greek War of Independence.
May 1821: In 1821, the Greeks of Polygyros, a town in Greece, rebelled against Ottoman rule. They killed the local governor, Mustafa Bey, and 14 of his men, while also wounding three others.
May 1821: Missolonghi revolted on 25 May 1821. The Greek town was a key site in the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire. The revolt was led by prominent Greek leaders such as Lord Byron and Alexandros Mavrokordatos.
June 1821: Spreading of the Greek insurrection to the villages of Chalkidiki.
June 1821: Omer Vrioni was an Ottoman military commander during the Greek War of Independence. Livadeia was a strategic town in central Greece. Vrioni's capture of Livadeia was a significant blow to the Greek forces, as it allowed the Ottomans to establish control over the region.
July 1821: The Greek revolution spreaded to other cities of western Central Greece.
July 1821: The revolt gained momentum in Mount Athos and Kassandra, and the island of Thasos joined it.
October 1821: After a Greek force of 2,000 men managed to destroy at Vassilika a Turkish relief army on its way to Vrioni, the latter abandoned Attica in September and retreated to Ioannina.
October 1821: An offensive led by the new Pasha of Thessaloniki, Muhammad Emin Abulubud, resulted in a decisive Ottoman victory at Kassandra.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was the war of indipendence of Greece from the Ottoman Empire.
1.1.Peloponnese Front
Was the theatre of war in the Peloponnese of the Greek War of Indipendence.
January 1822: After lengthy negotiations, the Turkish forces surrendered Acrocorinth.
1.2.Central Greece Front (Greek War of Indipendence)
Was the theatre of war in central Greece of the Greek War of Indipendence.
1.3.Macedonian Front (Greek War of Independence)
Was the theatre of war in Macedonia of the Greek War of Indipendence.
April 1822: In March 1822, Mehmed Emin secured decisive victories at Kolindros and Kastania.
April 1822: At the beginning of 1822, Anastasios Karatasos and Aggelis Gatsos arranged a meeting with other armatoloi; they decided that the Greek insurrection should be based on three towns: Naoussa, Kastania, and Siatista.
May 1822: Mehmed Emin launched a number of attacks pushing the Greeks further back and finally captured Naousa in April.
1.4.Cretan Front (Greek War of Indipendence)
Was the theatre of war in Crete of the Greek War of Indipendence.
January 1822: An uprising by Christians in Crete against Ottoman rule.
June 1824: By the spring of 1824, the Ottomans had managed to limit the Cretan resistance to just a few mountain enclaves.
August 1825: Led by Dimitrios Kallergis and Emmanouil Antoniadis, a group of Cretans captured the fort at Gramvousa and other insurgents captured the fort at Kissamos.
January 1828: The Cretan insurgents were besieged in Gramvousa for more than two years by the Ottoman army.
April 1828: Frangokastello's defence was doomed after a seven-day siege and Dalianis perished along with 385 men.
April 1828: In January 1828, the Epirote Hatzimichalis Dalianis landed in Crete with 700 men and in the following March took possession of Frangokastello.
1.5.Ottoman counterattacks
Were a series of Ottoman military campaigns against the Greek revolutionaries during the Greek War of Independence.
1.5.1.Egyptian Campaign (Greek War of Independence)
Was a military campaign by troops of the Egyptian Eyalet against the Greek revolutionaries during the Greek War of Independence.
February 1825: Ibrahim Pasha landed at Methoni.
April 1825: Navarino fell to Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt.
June 1825: Nafplion conquered by Ottoman Empire.
June 1825: Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, captured the city of Argos in 1825.
August 1826: The Siege of the Acropolis (1826-27) was a significant event during the Greek War of Independence. The Greek forces, led by notable figures such as General Odysseas Androutsos and Colonel Yannis Makriyannis, defended the Acropolis of Athens against the Ottoman Empire for over a year before surrendering due to lack of supplies.
May 1827: During the Siege of the Acropolis (1826-27), Greek forces led by General Odysseas Androutsos defended the Acropolis in Athens against the Ottoman Empire. The siege ended with the Greeks surrendering due to lack of supplies and heavy bombardment.
1.5.2.Ottoman-Egyptian invasion of Mani
Was a military campaign by Egytpian and Ottoman troops against the Greek revolutionaries in Mani during the Greek War of Independence.
August 1826: In August 1826, Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, renewed the offensive against the Greeks. He sent a group of regular soldiers down the coast, reaching Kariopoli.
August 1826: Ibrahim sent a force of 8,000 men down to Polytsaravo.
August 1826: The Egyptians and the Ottomans were forced to retreat from the Mani Peninsula with significant losses.
1.6.Greek Revolutionaries' operations with foreign support
Were a series of military actions either by Greek revolutionaries with foreign support or directly by foreign countries supporting the revolutionaries during the Greek War of Independence.
November 1828: In October 1828, the Greeks regrouped and formed a new government under Kapodistrias. Kapodistrias took advantage of the Russo-Turkish war and sent troops of the reorganised Hellenic Army to Central Greece. They advanced to seize as much territory as possible, including Athens and Thebes.
September 1829: Battle of Petra: The Turks surrendered all lands from Livadeia to the Spercheios River in exchange for safe passage out of Central Greece.
1.6.1.Morea Expedition
Was a land intervention of the French Army in the Peloponnese between 1828 and 1833, at the time of the Greek War of Independence, with the aim of expelling from the region the Ottoman-Egyptian occupation forces.
October 1828: The day after Ibrahim's departure, General Maison ordered General Philippe Higonet to march on Navarino.
October 1828: The fortress of Methoni was taken and General Maison installed his apartments there .
October 1828: Nicolas Joseph Maison, who was given command of a French expeditionary Corps of 15,000 men, landed on 30 August 1828 at Petalidi and helped the Greeks evacuate the Peloponnese from all the hostile troops by 30 October.
1.7.Treaty of Constantinople (1832)
The treaty marked the end of the Greek War of Independence and established modern Greece as an independent state free of the Ottoman Empire.
July 1832: Treaty of Constantinople: Greece was defined as an independent kingdom, with the Arta-Volos line as its northern frontier.
July 1832: The Treaty of Constantinople, confirmed at the London Conference, established the new land border of the Kingdom of Greece.
Was a war between the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire.
March 1897: 2,600 irregulars crossed the Greek border into Ottoman Macedonia.
April 1897: Based on troops disposition during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897.
May 1897: Based on troops disposition during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897.
2.1.Epirus Front (Greco Turkish War of 1897)
Was the front in Epirus during the Greco-Turkish War (1897).
April 1897: Col. Manos captured Pente Pigadia, but the Greek advance was halted due to lack of reinforcements against an already numerically superior opposition. .
2.2.Thessalian Front
Was the Thessalian front of the Greco-Turkish War (1897).
April 1897: Larissa fell to the Turks on the 27 April.
May 1897: Three Ottoman divisions attacked Farsala, forcing an orderly withdrawal of Greek forces.
May 1897: In 1897, during the Greco-Turkish War, the Smolenski family, a prominent Greek military family, withdrew from the recently recaptured town of Velestino to Almyros as the territory was placed under Turkish military occupation.
May 1897: Volos fell into Ottoman hands on the 8 May.
May 1897: Battle of Domokos.
May 1897: In 1897, during the Greco-Turkish War, Ethem Pasha, a prominent Ottoman military leader, led the advance to Thermopylae, where despite strong Greek defenses, the pass was captured by the Turkish forces. This strategic victory allowed Turkey to establish military occupation in the region.
2.3.Treaty of Constantinople (1897)
Was the treaty that ended the Greco-Turkish War (1897). Greece lost some territories in Thessaly but Crete became an autonomous states under nominal Ottoman sovereignty.
December 1897: On the 20 September a peace treaty was signed between the Greeks and the Ottomans. Greece was forced to cede minor border areas and pay heavy reparations. The Ottoman Empire evacuated the territories it had occupied during the war.
Were two wars fought in southeastern Europe in 1912-1913 during which the states of the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia) first conquered Macedonia and much of Thrace from the Ottomans and then clashed with each other over the division of the conquered lands.
3.1.First Balkan War
Was a war fought in southeastern Europe where the states of the Balkan League (Kingdom of Bulgaria, Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Montenegro and Kingdom of Serbia) conquered Macedonia and much of Thrace (virtually all remaining territories of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans) from the Ottomans.
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January 1913: The territory of Albania was occupied by Serbia in the north and Greece in the south.
3.1.1.Aegean Front
Was the Aegean front of the First Balkan War.
October 1912: On October 20, Greek units occupied Tenedos.
November 1912: Greek forces took Taşoz, İmroz, Samothrace and Limni (now Lemnos) in early November.
December 1912: Greek forces took Körice on December 20.
December 1912: On November 21, the Greeks landed at Midilli.
January 1913: Greek conquest of Sakız.
3.1.2.Northern Rumelian Front
Was the Northern Rumelian front of the First Balkan War.
November 1912: On November 2, Preveze was reached by Greek forces and fell two days later.
November 1912: On November 25, Hellenic Army officer Sapountzakis was able to surround Ioannina on three sides (west, south and east), but the north side remained uncovered.
March 1913: On March 6 the Ottoman garrison of Ioannina surrendered to Greek forces.
March 1913: With the fall of Ioannina, the Greeks completed the conquest of Epirus by taking, between 15 and 21 March, Ergiri Kasrı and Tepedelen.
3.1.3.Macedonian Front (Balkan War)
Was the Macedonian front of the First Balkan War.
October 1912: After meeting negligible resistance, on October 22, the forces of Prince Constantine of Greece launched an assault against the Ottoman fortifications of the Sarantaporo pass, overcoming them after a day of hard fighting.
October 1912: The Greeks entered Kozani.
November 1912: The Hellenic fleet occupied the Chalkidiki peninsula with landing forces.
November 1912: After passing the Olympus massif, the Greek troops entered the plain of Thessaloniki, where they met Ottoman resistance: between 1 and 2 November the two sides faced each other in the battle of Giannitsa, a tough battle that ended with another Greek victory .
November 1912: On November 8, the Ottoman garrison capitulated and the Greeks took possession of Saloniki.
November 1912: Greek forces captured the town of Florina.
November 1912: The Greeks extended their conquests as far west as Körice, Albania, and east as far as Lake Dojran and Mount Pangeo, completing the occupation of southern Macedonia in less than a month.
3.1.4.Treaty of London (1913)
The Treaty of London (1913) was signed on 30 May following the London Conference of 1912-13. It ended the First Balkan War and dealt with the territorial adjustments arising out of the conclusion of the First Balkan War.
May 1913: The Treaty of London was signed on 30 May following the London Conference of 1912-13. It dealt with the territorial adjustments arising out of the conclusion of the First Balkan War. Albania was declared independent.
3.2.Second Balkan War
Was a war fought by Bulgary against a coalition of Balkan states. During the First Balkan War the Balkan League had conquered most of the Ottoman Balkan territories. Bulgaria was dissatisfied by the territorial partition and invaded its former allies.
3.2.1.Bulgarian Offensive in Greece
Was a Bulgarian military offensive in Greece during the Second Balkan War.
June 1913: The Bulgarian forces were forced to withdraw from their positions north of Thessaloniki (except the isolated battalion stationed in the city itself which was quickly overrun) to defensive positions between Kilkis and Struma river.
June 1913: On the Bulgarian right, Greek Evzones (light infantry) captured Gevgelija and the heights of Matsikovo.
July 1913: The Greeks captured Dojran on 5 July.
July 1913: The Greek forces with the support of their navy landed in Kavala.
July 1913: On 19 July the Greeks captured Nevrokop.
July 1913: Greek entered Alexandroupoli, cutting off the Bulgarians completely from the Aegean sea.
3.2.2.Greek offensive (Second Balkan War)
Was a Greek military offensive against Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War.
July 1913: The Greek forces continued their march inland into western Thrace and they entered Xanthi.
July 1913: After bitter fighting the Greek side managed to break through the Kresna pass and captured Simitli.
July 1913: Greek conquest of Komotini.
July 1913: The Bulgarian army, under heavy pressure by Greek forces, was forced to abandon Gorna Dzhumaya.
3.2.3.Treaty of Bucarest
Was the treaty that ended the Second Balkan War.
August 1913: The border between Greece and Bulgaria was drawn from the Belasica crest at the mouth of the Mesta river on the Aegean Sea, including large parts of Epirus, Macedonia and Thessaloniki.
August 1913: The Sofia government obtained the Blagoevgrad district and a part of Western Thrace.
August 1913: The European borders of Turkey were set with the Treaty of Bucarest that ended the Second Balkan War.
August 1913: The island of Crete was definitively assigned to Greece.
August 1913: The eastern frontier of Serbia was drawn from the top of Patarika and followed the watershed between the Vardar and Struma rivers to the Greek-Bulgarian border, except for the Strumica valley which remained in Bulgaria.
August 1913: Bulgarians stopped the Serbian offensive in Macedonia at Kalimanci.
Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.
4.1.World War I Balkan Theatre
Was the theatre of war in the Balkan Peninsula during World War I.
4.1.1.Albania during World War I
Albanian theatre of World War I.
4.1.1.1.Collapse of Albania
Invasion of Albania by the central powers during World War I.
October 1914: The Greek army invaded Northern Epirus and established a military administration on the territories formerly part of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus.
January 1916: Bulgarian units entered Albania from the north-east across the Drin river taking Elbasan on 29 January.
May 1916: The Kingdom of Greece proclaimed the formal annexation of Northern Epirus, provoking protests from the governments of the Entente.
August 1916: As early as 18 August 1916, a Bulgarian column from Ohrid had occupied the city of Korçë in southeastern Albania, without opposition from the local Greek garrison.
August 1916: On 24 August an Italian column arriving from Vlora by land and a contingent landed by sea took possession of Porto Palermo in southern Albania, without encountering resistance from the detachment of Greek gendarmes.
October 1916: Italian forces of the Navy occupied Santi Quaranta.
October 1916: Two Italian army columns from Tepelenë and from Santi Quaranta itself occupied the city of Gjirokastra.
June 1917: An Italian column crossed the Albanian-Greek border and occupied the important city of Ioannina without any opposition from Greek troops.
June 1917: On 3 June 1917, General Ferrero proclaimed the establishment of an Italian protectorate of Albania in Gjirokastra.
4.2.World War I Middle East Theatre
Was the theatre of war in the Middle East during World War I.
4.2.1.Gallipoli Campaign
Was an unsuccesful military operation by the Entente that wanted to take control of the Ottoman straits.
May 1915: The Allied troops occupied the island of Lemnos.
4.3.Aftermath of World War I
Were a series of treaties and military events that can be considered a direct consequence of World War I.
August 1920: The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 awarded northern Epirus to Greece.
4.3.1.Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)
Was a war between Greece and the Turkish National Movement during the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I.
4.3.1.1.Greek Expansion in the aftermath of WWI
Was the Greek occupation of Turkish territories in the aftermath of World War I.
May 1919: The Greeks brought their forces into Eastern Thrace (apart from Constantinople and its region).
May 1919: The occupation of Smyrna was the military control by Greek forces of the city of Smyrna and surrounding areas.
4.3.1.2.Greek Offensive (Greco-Turkish War)
Was a Greek offensive in Turkey during the Greco-Turkish War.
July 1920: Kırkağaç, Soma and Salihli were captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
July 1920: Alaşehir was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
July 1920: Kula was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
July 1920: Balıkesir was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
August 1920: Bandırma, Kirmasti and Karacabey were captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
August 1920: Nazilli was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
August 1920: Gemlik and Mudanya were captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
August 1920: Bursa was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
August 1920: Karamürsel was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
August 1920: İznik was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
August 1920: Gediz and Ulubey were captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
August 1920: Uşak was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
September 1920: Gains from Greek Offensive by August 1920.
September 1920: Simav was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
January 1921: The Greek advance in Turkey was halted for the first time at the First Battle of İnönü.
March 1921: Greek I Army Corps took Kara Hisâr-ı Sâhib (present-day Afyonkarahisar).
March 1921: Turkish Army Officer İsmet İnönü attacked again after receiving reinforcements, and recaptured Metristepe.
July 1921: Battle of Kütahya-Eskişehir.
August 1921: Gains from Greek Offensive by July 1921.
September 1921: Following the retreat of the Turkish troops under Ismet Inönü in the battle of Kütahya-Eskişehir the Greek Army advanced afresh to the Sakarya River (Sangarios in Greek), less than 100 kilometres west of Ankara.
4.3.1.3.Greek Retreat after the Battle of Sakarya
Was the Greek reatreat after the battle of Sakarya during the Greco-Turkish War.
September 1921: After Greek retreat, Turkish forces managed to retake Sivrihisar.
4.3.1.4.Turkish counter-attack (Greco-Turkish War)
Was a Turkish offensive against the Greek army during the Greco-Turkish War.
August 1922: The major Greek defense positions were overrun, and Afyon fell to Ottoman forces.
September 1922: On September 2, 1922, Eskişehir was captured by the Turkish National Forces led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
September 1922: Balıkesir and Bilecik were taken by the Ottomans on September 6.
September 1922: Aydın conquered by Ottoman Empire.
September 1922: Aydın, Germencik and Kuşadası fell under Turkish control.
September 1922: Anisa was taken by the Ottomans on September 8.
September 1922: Turkish cavalry entered Smyrna on September 9.
September 1922: Gemlik and Mudanya fell to the Ottomans on September 11.
September 1922: On 16 September the last Greek troops left Çeşme.
September 1922: The expulsion of the Greek Army from Anatolia was completed.
September 1922: Mustafa Kemal's troops moved into the straits zones and refused British requests to leave. The British cabinet was divided on the matter but eventually any possible armed conflict was prevented. British General Charles Harington, allied commander in Constantinople, kept his men from firing on Turks and warned the British cabinet against any rash adventure. The Greek fleet left Constantinople upon his request. The British finally decided to force the Greeks to withdraw behind the Maritsa in Thrace. This convinced Mustafa Kemal to accept the opening of armistice talks.
4.3.2.Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine required Bulgaria to cede various territories, after Bulgaria had been one of the Central Powers defeated in World War I. The treaty was signed on 27 November 1919 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
November 1919: The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine required Bulgaria to cede various territories, after Bulgaria had been one of the Central Powers defeated in World War I. The treaty was signed on 27 November 1919 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
Was a series of military campaigns waged by the Turkish National Movement after parts of the Ottoman Empire were occupied and partitioned following its defeat in World War I. The war led to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.
January 1922: In 1921, French and British forces withdrew from Lemnos, a strategic island in the Aegean Sea, and handed over control to the Kingdom of Greece.
On 25 March 1924, Alexandros Papanastasiou proclaimed the Second Hellenic Republic.
March 1924: Alexandros Papanastasiou proclaimed the Second Hellenic Republic.
Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.
7.1.World War II (Balkan Theatre)
Was the theatre of conflict of World War II that took place in the Balkans.
7.1.1.Greco-Italian War
Was a conflict between Greece and Italy during World War II that started with the Italian invasion of Greece.
April 1941: Italo-Greek front as of April, 4th 1941 (based on maps).
7.1.1.1.Italian offensive (Greco-Italian War)
Were the Italian operations during the Greco-Italian War.
November 1940: The Italians managed to capture Konitsa.
November 1940: By the night of 29/30 October, the Greek covering units had withdrawn to the Kalpaki line.
November 1940: The Italian Julia Division captured the village of Vovousa.
November 1940: The Greek forces reach the Pindus area of the Greek-Italian border.
November 1940: Igoumenitsa was captured by the Italians on 6 November.
November 1940: The Italians reached Margariti.
7.1.1.2.Greek counter-offensive (Greco-Italian War)
Were the Greek operations during the Greco-Italian War.
November 1940: The Greeks captured the summit of Morava.
November 1940: The Greeks captured Ersekë on 21 November.
November 1940: Greek conquest of Leskovik.
November 1940: The city of Korçë was captured by Greek 9th Division.
November 1940: The Greek 10th Division captured Moscopole.
November 1940: The Western Macedonia Section of the Greek Army captured the entire Korçë plateau.
November 1940: Pogradec was captured unopposed by the Greek 13th Division.
December 1940: The Greek army captured Delvinë on 5 December.
December 1940: The Greeks arrived around the Kakavia Pass, forcing the Italians to withdraw.
December 1940: The Greek Lioumbas Detachment captured Sarandë, at the time baned Porto Edda after Edda Mussolini.
December 1940: Greek conquest of Gjirokastër.
December 1940: The Greek army captured the Ostravicë Mountain on 12 December.
December 1940: The Greek army captured Himarë on 22 December.
January 1941: The Greek 11th Division captured the Klisura Pass.
February 1941: In the Battle of Trebeshina, a series of engagements from 2-12 February, the Trebeshinë massif was captured by Greek forces.
7.1.2.German invasion of Greece
Was the invasion of Greece Germany during World War II. The Invasion followed the unsuccesful invasion of Greece by Italian forces.
April 1941: By the evening of 8 April the German 164th Infantry Division captured Xanthi
April 1941: The German 72d Infantry Division got through the Metaxas Line by the evening of 9 April,
April 1941: The German 72d Infantry Division reached the area northeast of Seres.
April 1941: By April 9th the German forces reached Thessaloniki.
April 1941: German SS troops seized Vevi on 11 April.
April 1941: The spearheads of the German 9th Panzer Division reached Kozani.
April 1941: Korça that fell unopposed to the Italian 9th Army.
April 1941: On 14 April a pitched battle between several Greek units and the LSSAH brigade—which had by then reached Grevena—erupted. The Greek 13th and Cavalry Divisions lacked the equipment necessary to fight against an armoured unit, and on 15 April were finally encircled and overwhelmed.
April 1941: German conquest of Panteleimonas.
April 1941: On 19 April the German first XVIII Mountain Corps troops entered Larisa and took possession of the airfield.
April 1941: The Germans advanced further and captured Ioannina.
April 1941: The port of Volos fell to the Germans on 21 April.
April 1941: On 23 April the Greek commander signed a surrender agreement whit the Italians. The Italians thus re-acquired the Greek-occupied regions of Albania.
April 1941: German conquest of Thermopyles (pass).
April 1941: On the morning of 27 April the Germans entered Athens, the Greek capital.
April 1941: On 27 April the SS forces seized the Corinth Canal and Patras.
April 1941: German conquest of Kalamata.
April 1941: The German 5th Panzer Division reached the south coast of Greece on 29 April.
April 1941: By 30 April the hostilities ceased. Greece was fully occupied by German forces.
7.1.2.1.Battle of Crete
Was a major Axis airborne and amphibious operation during World War II to capture the island of Crete.
May 1941: The next day, through communication failures, Allied tactical hesitation and German offensive operations, the Maleme Airfield in western Crete fell.
May 1941: On May 27, Chania fell to German forces.
May 1941: On May 28, the port in Souda Bay passed into German hands.
May 1941: On May 29th, Rethymno capitulated to the Germans.
June 1941: Allied evacuation from Crete May 28th to June 1st. Crete was occupied by German forces.
7.1.3.German Withdrawal from Greece (World War II)
The evacuation of Greece by German troops during World War II.
October 1944: On 23 August 1944, at a meeting at his headquarters, Adolf Hitler told Field Marshal Maximilian von Weichs, the commander of the German forces in the Balkans, that with the Romanian oil fields lost, there was now no more point in occupying Greece and he should begin preparations for a withdrawal from Greece at once. The German troops evacuated Athens on 12 October 1944.
November 1944: German forces withdraw from mainland Greece.
June 1945: Isolated Axis garrisons remained in Crete, the Dodecanese and various other Aegean islands until the end of the war in May 1945.
7.2.End of World War II in Europe
Refers to the surrender of Axis forces and the end of World War II and to the territorial changes that were a direct consequence of World War II but happened after the traditional end of the War.
February 1947: Treaty of Paris: Italy transfers the Dodecanese to Greece, which reached its present borders.
7.2.1.The Surrender of German forces
Surrender of German forces at the end of World War II.
May 1945: At the end of World War II Greece freed its islands from German forces.
August 1832: The Kingdom of Greece was established in 1832 and was the successor state to the First Hellenic Republic.
May 1864: With the Treaty of London the Ionian Islands were united with Greece.
July 1881: With the Convention of Constantinople Thessaly (except Elassona) and the Arta Prefecture are annexed to Greece.
November 1912: The parliament of Samos Island officially declared union with Greece.
December 1921: Political developments such as the Greek defeat in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-22) and, crucially, Italian, Austrian and German lobbying in favor of Albania resulted in the area of northern Epirus being ceded to Albania in November 1921.
August 1923: An Italian general heading a commission to resolve a border dispute between Albania and Greece was murdered in Greek territory along with members of his staff. In response, Benito Mussolini issued a severe ultimatum to Greece and when it was not accepted in whole, dispatched forces to bombard and occupy Corfu. On August 31, 1923, a squadron of the Italian Navy bombarded the Greek island of Corfu and landed 5,000 to 10,000 troops.
September 1923: The Italian flag was lowered and the Italian troops evacuated Corfu.
November 1935: The Second Hellenic Republic was abolished on 10 October 1935, and its abolition was confirmed by referendum on 3 November of the same year. The Kingdom of Greece took its place.
June 1973: End of the Kingdom of Greece.
Selected Sources
Ahmet N.O. (1986): Kula, Katakekaumene (Yanık yöre): 2000 yıl önce Strabon'un adını koyduğu yöre, Öğrenci Basimevi, pp. 137-138.
Bigham, C.C. (1897): With the Turkish Army in Thessaly. With illustrations and maps, London, Macmillan & Co, "Sketch Map showing position of The Turkish & Greek forces on April 25,1897"
Bigham, C.C. (1897): With the Turkish Army in Thessaly. With illustrations and maps, London, Macmillan & Co, "Sketch Map showing position of The Turkish & Greek forces on May 10, 1897"
Bigham, C.C. (1897): With the Turkish Army in Thessaly. With illustrations and maps, London, Macmillan & Co, "Sketch Map showing position of The Turkish & Greek forces on May 20, 1897"
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