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Data

Name: Imperial City of Cologne

Type: Polity

Start: 1288 AD

End: 1794 AD

Statistics

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Icon Imperial City of Cologne

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Was a Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire.

Establishment


  • June 1288: The City of Cologne gained its independence from the Archbishopric of Cologne.
  • Chronology


    Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

    1. War of the Limburg Succession


    Was a conflict between 1283 and 1289 for the succession in the Duchy of Limburg.


    2. European wars of religion


    Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.

    2.1.Thirty Years' War

    Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.

    2.1.1.Swedish Period

    Was the third main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of Sweden.

  • December 1632: Swedes under Wolf Heinrich von Baudissin take Deutz.
  • December 1632: Swedes had to retreat from Deutz after a powerful counterattack.

  • 3. War of the Spanish Succession


    The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Philip of Anjou and Charles of Austria, and their respective supporters. It was a global war, with fighting taking place in Europe, Asia, and America. At the end of the war, Philip II, who was the successor chosen by Charles II as a descendant of Charles' paternal half-sister Maria Theresa, became King of Spain and of its overseas empire. The Spanish possessions in Europe were partitioned between various European Monarchies.

    3.1.Dutch and German Theatre (War of the Spanish Succession)

    Was the theatre of war of the War of the Spanish Succession in Germany and the Low Countries.

  • July 1703: Rheinberg and Bonn fell early to the Allied forces led by France.

  • 3.2.Treaty of Baden

    Was a treaty between France and the Holy Roman Empire, to end the War of the Spanish Succession.

  • September 1714: In the Treaty of Baden the French and their allies returned the east bank of the Rhine River (the Breisgau) to Austria.

  • 4. French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars


    Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.

    4.1.War of the First Coalition

    Were a series of wars between the Kingdom of France (later the French Republic) and several European Monarchies. The French Revolution had deteriorated the relations of France with the other European countries, that tried several times to invade France in order to crash the revolutionary government.

  • January 1795: The French armies drove the Austrians, British, and Dutch beyond the Rhine, occupying Belgium, the Rhineland, and the south of the Netherlands.
  • January 1795: The Imperial City of Cologen (German: Köln) is annexed by France.

  • Disestablishment


  • January 1795: The French armies drove the Austrians, British, and Dutch beyond the Rhine, occupying Belgium, the Rhineland, and the south of the Netherlands.
  • January 1795: The Imperial City of Cologen (German: Köln) is annexed by France.
  • Selected Sources


  • Addington, L. (1994): The Patterns of War Since the Eighteenth Century, Bloomington (USA), p.24
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