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Were a series of wars between the Kingdom of France (later the French Republic) and several European Monarchies. The French Revolution had deteriorated the relations of France with the other European countries, that tried several times to invade France in order to crash the revolutionary government.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
January 1795: The French armies drove the Austrians, British, and Dutch beyond the Rhine, occupying Belgium, the Rhineland, and the south of the Netherlands.
March 1802: Great Britain held Martinique until the Peace of Amiens.
October 1797: The March of Aulla-Podenzana is occupied by France.
October 1797: The March of Tresana is occupied by France.
February 1798: In February 1798 the ephemeral Roman Republic was proclaimed, closely linked to France.
March 1794: In the Caribbean, the British fleet landed in Martinique in February, taking the whole island by 24 March.
May 1794: Guadeloupe conquered by great britain.
July 1794: The Battle of Trippstadt was a relatively minor French military action in 1794. This victory gave the French control of the mountain passes across the lower Vosges ( Kaiserslautern, Trippstadt, Schänzel, Neustadt and along the banks of the Speyerbach River).
April 1795: In 1795, Sint Eustatius, a Dutch colony, was occupied by the French military.
May 1795: In 1795, Saba was occupied by the French military. This period of French occupation would last until April 1801.
May 1795: The Treaty of Den Haag was signed on May 16, 1795 between representatives of the French Republic and the Batavian Republic. The Batavian Republic ceded to France the territories of Maastricht, Venlo, and Zeelandic Flanders. Moreover, the accord established a defensive alliance between the two nations.
March 1797: On 9 December 1797, Frédéric-César de La Harpe, a member of the Helvetian Club from Vaud, asked France to invade Bern to protect Vaud. Seeing a chance to remove a feudal neighbor and gain Bern's wealth, France agreed. By February 1798, French troops occupied Mulhouse and Biel/Bienne. Meanwhile, another army entered Vaud, and the Lemanic Republic was proclaimed.
October 1797: In 1797, the districts of Chiavenna, Valtellina, and Bormio, dependencies of the Three Leagues (an associate of the Confederation), revolted under the encouragement of France. They were quickly invaded and annexed to the Cisalpine Republic on 10 October 1797.
October 1797: Following the Treaty of Campo Formio, where Napoleon Bonaparte decreed the final dissolution of the Venetian Republic, Preveza - like other Venetian possessions in Greece and Albania - was ceded to Revolutionary France.
February 1793: French control of the Principality of Monaco during the French revolution from 1793 to May 17, 1814, as part of the département of Alpes-Maritimes.
October 1798: In 1798 small Venetian territories that were not ceded to the Austrian Empire were conquered by the Ottoman Empire.
February 1798: In February 1798, the ephemeral Roman Republic was proclaimed in Rome, Italy. The republic was closely linked to France.
January 1793: In 1792, revolutionary France annexed several territories of the Holy Roman Empire, including Worms, Speyer, and territories of the Flanders region.
September 1794: In mid-September 1794, the Prussians, led by Frederick William II, attacked the weakened French forces, commanded by General Lazare Hoche, in the north-eastern frontier and reoccupied Kaiserslautern, which was part of the territory of Bavaria-Palatinate at the time.
June 1794: In 1794, the British were driven out of Guadeloupe by Victor Hugues, a French politician and revolutionary.
October 1797: The Duchy of Milan remained an Austrian possession until 1796, when a French army under Napoleon Bonaparte conquered it, and it ceased to exist a year later as a result of the Treaty of Campo Formio, when Austria ceded it to the new Cisalpine Republic.
January 1793: Marie-Galante, which was Republican, separated itself from the royalist government of Guadeloupe.
March 1793: The Rauracian Republic was annexed by the First French Republic and became the department of Mont-Terrible.
January 1796: Wied-Runkel was annexed by France.
October 1797: The March of Mulazzo is occupied by France.
November 1797: The so-called Republic of Ancona was a revolutionary municipality which was proclaimed by the Army of Italy of the young general Bonaparte on 19 November 1797, among the other Jacobin republics. It was based in Ancona and included the territories which, in the Papal State, were part of the Marca of Ancona with the capital Macerata, or the current territory of the Marches.
March 1798: After only 117 days, on March 7, 1798, the Anconine Republic was united with the Roman Republic.
February 1798: The Tiberina Republic was a provisional government which was proclaimed on February 4, 1798, when the Jacobins took power in the city of Perugia.
April 1795: The French occupy the entire island of Saint Martin.
April 1796: The colony was on 22 April 1796 again captured by Britain, however who now remained in possession of the colony until 27 March 1802, when Berbice was restored to the Batavian Republic under the terms of the Treaty of Amiens.
March 1797: The Republic of Crema was created in March 1797 following the occupation of the city of Crema (Italy) by French troops.
December 1792: Secession of the Rauracian Republic, partly composed of territories belonging to the Abbey of Basel.
January 1794: In 1794, during the War of the First Coalition, the French armies, led by generals such as Jean-Charles Pichegru and Jacques François Dugommier, were defending the border regions in the Pyrenees against the Spanish and British forces. The territory ultimately went to the First French Republic.
October 1797: The Republic of Noli is annexed to the Ligurian Republic.
January 1796: In 1795, the territory of Ligny was annexed by the First French Republic.
January 1796: In 1795 the area of Stablo-Malmedy became part of the French department of Ourthe, and from 1796 the abbeys and monasteries were secularized.
January 1793: With an unauthorized plebiscite, under pressure from French revolutionaries, the Comtat Venaissin was annexed by France.
August 1793: Counter-revolutionary forces turned Toulon over to Britain and Spain.
December 1793: Toulon was not retaken by Dugommier (with the assistance of the young Napoleon Bonaparte) until 19 December.
January 1794: In 1793, the territory of Dachstuhl was annexed by the First French Republic.
January 1794: In 1793, the territory of Moempelgard was annexed by the First French Republic.
January 1794: Salm-Salm annexed to France.
January 1795: The Imperial City of Cologen (German: Köln) is annexed by France.
August 1795: Peace of Basel of 1795 at the end of the War of the First Coalition between the Kingdom of Prussia and the French Republic. France gained the left bank of the Rhine.
January 1796: In 1795, the territory of Rochefort was annexed by the First French Republic.
January 1796: Salm-Salm annexed to France.
January 1796: Between 1798 and 1814, Schleiden County was part of France after being conquered in the First Coalition War and through the French annexation of the left bank of the Rhine and through the Peace of Campo Formio and Lunéville.
April 1796: The Republic of Alba was established in 1796 as a sister republic of the First French Republic. It was created during the French Revolutionary Wars and lasted only from April 26 to April 28 of that year. The territory of Alba was located in present-day Italy.
April 1796: The Republic of Alba was established by Napoleon Bonaparte after the French army conquered the region. It was a sister republic of the First French Republic and only existed for a brief period from 26 to 28 April 1796 before being annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia.
May 1797: Before the French Revolutionary Wars, the Ionian Islands had been part of the Republic of Venice. When the 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio dissolved the Republic of Venice, they were annexed to the French Republic.
October 1797: Campo Ligure becomes part of the Ligurian Republic.
October 1797: The March of Fosdinovo is occupied by France.
October 1797: The March of Sorbello is occupied by France.
March 1798: The Tiberina Republic became part of the Napoleonic Roman Republic.
October 1798: The Battle of Nicopolis in 1798 took place in the Venetian possession of Greece. The Ottoman troops, led by Ali Pasha and his son Mukhtar, decisively defeated the Venetian forces, leading to the territory being transferred to the Ottoman Empire.
January 1799: In 1797, the districts of Chiavenna, Valtellina, and Bormio, dependencies of the Three Leagues (an associate of the Confederation), revolted under the encouragement of France. They were quickly invaded and annexed to the Cisalpine Republic on 10 October 1797.
Was the Belgian theatre of the War of the First Coalition.
June 1792: In 1792, during the French Revolutionary Wars, General Luckner led a 20,000 strong French force to invade the Austrian Netherlands. They successfully captured Menen and Kortrijk on 19 June.
June 1792: The French forces, led by General Charles François Dumouriez, withdrew back to Lille on 30 June 1792 after facing resistance from Austrian and Dutch troops in Menen and Kortrijk.
Was a battle between France and an alliance of European states led by Prussia that attempted an invasion of the French territory.
September 1792: In July 1792 an Austro-Prussian force assembled at Coblenz in the Rhineland with the aim of marching on Paris, rescuing King Louis XVI, and ending the revolution. The coalition forces met with the French army in Valmy on September 20, 1792 but were defeated.
September 1792: First Coaltion leaves conquered territory in the Rhineland.
August 1792: In 1792, during the French Revolutionary Wars, the First Coalition forces, led by Duke Charles William Ferdinand of Brunswick, conducted a slow march to besiege the city of Verdun. The city eventually fell to the Coalition forces, marking a significant event in the early stages of the war.
August 1792: Coalitionary forces captured Longwy.
September 1792: In 1792, during the French Revolutionary Wars, the Duke of Brunswick, leading the First Coalition forces, decided not to attack and instead camped for three days at Landres. This delay allowed the French revolutionary forces, led by General Dumouriez, to regroup and prepare for the Battle of Valmy.
September 1792: Verdun surrendered on 2 September 1792.
Was the Piedmontese theatre of the War of the First Coalition.
September 1792: In 1792, during the French Revolution, the County of Nice was attacked and forced to surrender by the French revolutionary forces under the command of General Jacques Bernard d'Anselme. This resulted in the territory of Savoy and Nice being occupied by France.
January 1794: In 1794, during the French Revolutionary Wars, a French invasion of Piedmont led by General Jean-Charles Pichegru failed in the border regions. The territory ultimately went to the Kingdom of Sardinia, ruled by King Victor Amadeus III.
Was a French military campaign in the Rhineland.
October 1792: French troops occupy Worms and Philippsburg without a fight.
September 1792: The French attacked Speyer on 29 September and conquered it the next day.
October 1792: French general Custine captured Mainz on 21 October 1792.
October 1792: The French army penetrated as far as Frankfurt, which surrendered.
Was a battle between France and Austria in modern-day Belgium during the War of the First Coalition.
October 1792: Advancing French forces reach Mons.
Was a French military campaign in the Flanders.
July 1794: Brussels is conquered by French troops led by general Jean-Charles Pichegru on 11 July 1794.
January 1795: On 10 January French general Pichegru ordered a general advance across the frozen river between Zaltbommel and Nijmegen and the allies were forced to retreat behind the Lower Rhine.
November 1794: The French army occupies Liège.
June 1795: Territory evacuated by the French at the end of the Flanders Campaign. The surrender of Luxembourg on 7 June 1795 concluded the French conquest of the Low Countries, thus marking the end of the Flanders Campaign.
January 1795: On 16 January, the city of Utrecht surrendered to the French.
February 1793: The Republican French army stopped near Aldenhoven.
February 1793: The French Armée du Nord commanded by general Charles-François Dumouriez advanced from Antwerp and invaded Dutch Brabant.
February 1793: A French army under Francisco de Miranda laid siege to Maastricht.
October 1793: In mid October French officer Vandamme laid siege to Nieuport. At the same time French marshal MacDonald took Werwicq.
January 1794: Spanish armies crossed the Pyrenees.
April 1794: French generals Jean-Charles Pichegru and Lazare Hoche defeated Austrian General Clerfayt at the Battle of Mouscron. As a result, they were able to retake the territories of Courtrai (Kortrijk) and Menen, which had been under Austrian control.
June 1794: Ypres surrendered to French General Charles Pichegru.
July 1794: After suffering defeats at the hands of French revolutionary forces, Austrian General Coburg retreated to Tienen in 1794.
September 1794: Antwerp was evacuated by the Austrian forces on the 24th of November 1794. Three days later, General Pichegru, a prominent French military leader during the French Revolutionary Wars, occupied the city.
November 1794: After a brief siege, Nijmegen was found to be untenable and the city was abandoned to the French.
December 1794: By 28 December the French had occupied the Bommelwaard and the Lands of Altena.
January 1795: The Batavian Republic was established after the French revolutionary forces invaded the Netherlands, leading to the overthrow of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. The proclamation of the Batavian Republic on 19 January 1795 marked the beginning of a new era in Dutch history.
October 1793: Dumonceau (France) drove the Hanoverians from Menen.
January 1795: Dutch revolutionaries led by Cornelius Krayenhoff put pressure on the city council of Amsterdam to hand over the city to the invading French army.
October 1794: General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan led the French forces to capture the city of Namur in present-day Belgium.
July 1793: Valenciennes conquered by First Coalition.
January 1794: In 1793, during the French Revolutionary Wars, General Charles François Dumouriez led French forces into Brabant, a territory that was part of the Austrian Netherlands. This military occupation was part of France's campaign to expand its territory and spread revolutionary ideals.
August 1794: Mechelen, a city in present-day Belgium, fell to French forces on the 15th of January, 1794.
October 1793: Marchiennes on 29 October 1793 was the site of a battle between the French Revolutionary Army, led by General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, and the First Coalition forces. The First Coalition was a group of European nations united against revolutionary France during the French Revolutionary Wars.
September 1793: Coalitionary forces captured Le Quesnoy, a strategic town in northern France.
September 1793: In 1793, during the French Revolutionary Wars, the Austrian general Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, began besieging the French-held city of Maubeuge as part of the First Coalition's efforts to defeat the revolutionary government in France.
October 1793: Cysoing conquered by First Coalition.
April 1794: Landrecies fell on 30 April 1794 to the First Coalition forces, led by Austrian General Prince Josias of Coburg and British General Sir William Erskine. The capture of Landrecies was part of the larger War of the First Coalition, a conflict between revolutionary France and a coalition of European powers.
July 1793: During the French Revolutionary Wars, the Prussians, led by Duke of Brunswick, besieged Mainz, held by French revolutionary forces under General Custine. The siege lasted from 14 April to 23 July 1793.
July 1793: Condé-sur-l'Escaut conquered by First Coalition.
January 1795: The Batavian Republic (Dutch Bataafse Republiek, Nine Dutch: Bataafsche Republiek) was a daughter republic established by the French Revolutionary Export, formed from the Republic of the Seven United Provinces. It was proclaimed on January 19, 1795.
September 1793: Maubege is conquered by coalitionary forces.
British forces invaded and succesfully occupied Corsica during the War of the First Coalition.
February 1793: The French forces, led by General Napoleon Bonaparte, withdrew from San Fiorenzo in 1793 after facing military occupation by Great Britain. This event marked a strategic victory for the British forces in the Mediterranean region during the French Revolutionary Wars.
August 1794: In 1794, during the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom, negotiations between British commander Stuart and French commander Raphaël de Casabianca in Calvi, Corsica, resulted in a truce and eventual capitulation on August 10th.
May 1794: In 1794, during the French Revolutionary Wars, the city of Bastia in Corsica surrendered to British Admiral Samuel Hood offshore. This marked the beginning of Great Britain's military occupation of the territory, which lasted until 1796.
Was the Pyrenean front of the First Coalition's war against the First French Republic.
September 1794: The fortress of Bellegarde fell on 17 September 1794 after the Spanish garrison, led by Captain General Alejandro O'Reilly, was starved out by the French forces under General Dugommier during the War of the Pyrenees. This marked a significant victory for France in their military occupation of the region.
July 1795: Spanish general Cuesta recaptured Puigcerdà and Bellver from the French on 26 and 27 July.
April 1793: In 1793, Spanish General Antonio Ricardos invaded the Cerdagne region and captured the town of Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans during the War of the Pyrenees between France and Spain. This military occupation marked a significant event in the conflict between the two countries.
September 1793: Eustache Charles d'Aoust rallied the French to win the Battle of Peyrestortes on 17 September. This represented the farthest Spanish advance in Rousillon.
December 1793: In 1793, during the French Revolutionary Wars, Spanish General Gregorio García de la Cuesta led the successful military occupation of Collioure and Port-Vendres, seizing control of the ports from the French.
February 1794: In 1794, during the War of the Pyrenees, Jacques Lefranc, a French general, led 2,000 Republican troops to capture the strategic Izpegi Ridge in the Basque Country, which was under Spanish control at the time. This victory marked a significant military occupation by France in the region.
August 1794: Moncey, a French general during the French Revolutionary Wars, captured San Sebastián in 1794 without facing any opposition. This marked the beginning of French military occupation in the region.
November 1794: Figueres and its Sant Ferran Fortress fell to the French with 9,000 prisoners.
July 1795: Vitoria, a city in northern Spain, fell to the French forces led by General Jean-Charles de Bailleul on 17 July 1795 during the War of the Pyrenees.
July 1795: Bilbao conquered by france.
July 1795: The Peace of Basel ends the War of the Pyrenees on July 22, 1795 In the treaty, it was established that France returned the occupied territories to Spain. Spain, in compensation for the recovery of the territories of the Pyrenees, ceded to revolutionary France the eastern part of Santo Domingo. The French already controlled the western part of the island, Santo Domingo, since the signing of the Treaty of Rijswijk in 1697.
August 1793: In 1793, Luc Siméon Auguste Dagobert, a French military leader, defeated a Spanish force led by Manuel la Peña at Puigcerdà in the Cerdagne region. This victory led to the territory of Puigcerdà and Bellver being occupied by France.
October 1794: From 15 to 17 October, French marsha Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey, launched a broad front offensive from the Baztan valley and the Roncevaux Pass to the south in the direction of Pamplona. The Battle of Orbaitzeta saw clashes at Mezkiritz (Mezquiriz), Orbaitzeta, Lekunberri, and Villanueva (Hiriberri).
June 1793: The Siege of Bellegarde was part of the War of the First Coalition, with the French garrison surrendering to the Spanish forces led by Captain General Antonio Ricardos. This marked a significant victory for Spain in the conflict.
February 1795: Pierre François Sauret was a French general who led the successful Siege of Roses in 1795. The Siege of Roses was a military operation during the War of the Pyrenees, where French forces occupied the town of Roses in Catalonia, Spain.
Were a series of Treaties between the French Republic and Prussia, Spain and Hesse-Kassel that ended the War of the First Coalition with these countries.
April 1795: The Peace of Basel of 1795 consisted of three peace treaties involving France during the French Revolution. The first was with Prussia (represented by Karl August von Hardenberg) on 5 April. France returned all of the lands east of the Rhine captured during the war.
April 1795: Peace of Basel of 1795 at the end of the War of the First Coalition between the Kingdom of Prussia and the French Republic. France gained the left bank of the Rhine.
Was the Italian theatre of the War of the First Coalition.
November 1795: In northern Italy the victory at the Battle of Loano in November gives France access to the Italian peninsula.
February 1797: French troops advanced directly toward Austria over the Julian Alps. General Barthélemy Joubert invaded Tyrol.
February 1797: Carpi is annexed to the Cisalpine Republic.
April 1796: Napoleon won at the Second Battle of Dego, driving the Austrians northeast, away from their Piedmontese allies.
February 1797: Frecnh forces besiege Mantua.
March 1797: Archduke Charles of Austria was defeated at the Tagliamento on 16 March, and Napoleon proceeded into Austria, occupying Klagenfurt.
June 1796: The Bolognese Republic was a French client republic established when Papal authorities escaped from the city of Bologna in June 1796.
April 1796: Battle of Mondovì.
May 1796: French forces occupy Lodi and Milan.
May 1796: The Duchy of Milan was ruled by the Habsburgs and became the Transpadane Republic after being occupied by Napoleon's French forces in 1796. This marked the end of Habsburg rule in the region and the establishment of a new republic.
September 1796: In September, Napoleon Bonaparte marched north against Trento in Tyrol. Bonaparte overran the holding force at the Battle of Rovereto.
September 1796: French victory at the Battle of Bassano on 8 September 1796.
November 1796: The Austrians defeated the French at Calliano.
November 1796: Napoleon defeated the Venetians led by Alvinczi in the Battle of Arcole southeast of Verona.
January 1797: The Duchy of Milan remained an Austrian possession until 1796, when a French army under Napoleon Bonaparte conquered it, and it ceased to exist a year later as a result of the Treaty of Campo Formio, when Austria ceded it to the new Cisalpine Republic.
January 1797: In 1797, during the Napoleonic Wars, French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte occupied the Venetian state up to the Adige River. The Austrians controlled Vicenza, Cadore, and Friuli as part of the ongoing conflict in the region.
April 1797: The French advanced as far as Judenburg by the evening of April 7th.
June 1797: In 1797, Napoleon Bonaparte deposed Giacomo Maria Brignole, the last doge of the Republic of Genova. This marked the end of the Republic of Genova and the territory was incorporated into the Ligurian Republic.
June 1797: In June 1797, the territories of Bologna, Ferrara, and Romagna were annexed to the Cisalpine Republic through the Treaty of Tolentino. This agreement was signed between Napoleon Bonaparte, who was leading the French forces in Italy, and representatives of the Papal States.
April 1796: Napoleon defeated an Austro-Sardinian force at the Battle of Millesimo.
August 1797: On August 5, 1797 Napoleon's troops occupied the Principality of Torriglia, and annexed it to the Ligurian republic.
May 1796: On 28 April, the Piedmontese signed an armistice at with the French at Cherasco. On 18 May they signed a peace treaty in Paris, ceding Savoy and Nice and allowing the French bases to be used against Austria.
December 1796: The Bolognese Republic was absorbed by the Cispadana Republic within a few months.
January 1797: The Rocchetta-Suvero Marquisate became part of the territories of the Cispadana Republic.
October 1796: Spain signed the Second Treaty of San Ildefonso with France on 19 August 1796, entering the war against Britain on the side of France in return for concessions in Italy. In response, Britain withdrew from Corsica. On 19 October 1796, the French reconquered Bastia and Corsica became a French département.
July 1797: The Cispadane Republic is merged into the Cisalpine Republic.
November 1796: The Austrians were victorious over the French at Bassano.
January 1797: The March of Castevoli and the March of Villafranca were unified in the Castevoli and Villafranca Marquisate.
October 1796: The Duchy of Modena-Reggio was occupied by Napoleon and entered the Cispadan Republic.
October 1796: Constitution of the Cispadane Republic.
June 1797: The Cispadane Republic was merged with the Transpadane Republic (formerly the Duchy of Milan until 1796) to form the Cisalpine Republic.
July 1797: The Republic of Crema entered then into the Cisalpine Republic in July 1797.
July 1797: The 1797 Republic of Aste was a Jacobin municipality fruit of the political events that led, between June and July of that same year, to the proclamation of popular self-government in the city of Asti.
August 1796: The Reggiana Republic was an ephemeral republican municipality born from the secession of the Reggio territories from the Duchy of Modena and Reggio proclaimed on 26 August 1796.
Were a series of battles in the Rhineland during the War of the First Coalition.
July 1796: French forces occupied the city of Giessen.
July 1796: French conquest of Cannstadt.
July 1796: On 5 July 1796, French general Desaix defeated Austrian general Latour at the Battle of Rastatt.
June 1796: The French army occupies Renchen.
September 1796: End of Mainz blockade.
June 1796: French General Kléber defeated the Duke of Württemberg in the Battle of Altenkirchen.
July 1796: French forces occupy the city of Friedberg.
July 1796: Neuwied conquered by france.
August 1796: French forces occupy Neresheim.
August 1796: On 17 August the French took Sulzbach.
June 1796: A division of French general Kléber's troops seized a bridge over the Sieg from Michael von Kienmayer's Austrians at Siegburg.
July 1796: Ettlingen conquered by france.
Was one of a series of battles in the Rhineland during the War of the First Coalition.
September 1796: Wiesbaden conquered by france.
Was one of a series of battles in the Rhineland during the War of the First Coalition.
September 1796: The Austrians established a strong cordon that forced General Jean Victor Marie Moreau to shift his forces southward to the remaining bridgehead at Hüningen.
Was one of a series of battles in the Rhineland during the War of the First Coalition.
September 1796: On 16-18 September Charles of Brunswick defeated the French Army of Sambre & Meuse in the Battle of Limburg.
Was one of a series of battles in the Rhineland during the War of the First Coalition.
October 1796: The French retreated across the rivers Rhine and Elz, destroying all the bridges.
October 1796: French forces occupy Schliengen.
Was one of a series of battles in the Rhineland during the War of the First Coalition.
January 1797: The French besieged Kehl from 10 November 1797.
Was one of a series of battles in the Rhineland during the War of the First Coalition.
February 1797: The French handed over the east-bank bridgehead at Hüningen.
Was a treaty between France and Austria that ended the War of the First Coalition.
January 1798: The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on 17 October 1797 (26 Vendémiaire VI). The treaty transferred the Austrian Netherlands to France. The territories of Venice were partitioned, most were acquired by Austria. Austria recognized the Cisalpine Republic and the newly created Ligurian Republic. Extension of the borders of France up to the Rhine, the Nette, and the Roer.
October 1797: The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on 17 October 1797 (26 Vendémiaire VI). The treaty transferred the Austrian Netherlands to France. The territories of Venice were partitioned, most were acquired by Austria. Austria recognized the Cisalpine Republic and the newly created Ligurian Republic. Extension of the borders of France up to the Rhine, the Nette, and the Roer.
January 1798: In 1797, the territory of St. Hubert was ceded to the First French Republic. This decision was made as part of the Treaty of Campo Formio, signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian foreign minister Count Ludwig von Cobenzl.
Selected Sources
Addington, L. (1994): The Patterns of War Since the Eighteenth Century, Bloomington (USA), p.24
Alison, A. (1835): History of Europe, W. Blackwood and Sons, pp. 86-90.
Articles secrets et convention additionelle du traité de Campo Formio. Retrieved on March, 24th 2024 on https://books.google.de/books?id=SStJAAAAcAAJ&dq=Trait%C3%A9%20de%20paix%20de%20Campo%20Formio&hl=de&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=Trait%C3%A9%20de%20paix%20de%20Campo%20Formio&f=false
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany), p. 48
Frieden von Campoformio. Retrieved on March, 24th 2014 on https://books.google.de/books?id=UbGMtENHaBIC&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false
Guthrie, W. (1798): A New geographical, historical and commercial grammar and present state of the several kingdoms of the world, printed for Charles Dilly and G.G. and J. Robinson, p. 473
Günther Cordes: Grafschaft Schleiden. In: Gerhard Taddey (Hrsg.): Lexikon der deutschen Geschichte. Personen, Ereignisse, Institutionen. Von der Zeitwende bis zum Ausgang des 2. Weltkrieges. 2., überarbeitete Auflage. Kröner, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-520-80002-0, S. 1106.
Jorio, M. (2002): Basel, Frieden von (1795). Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/044887/2002-05-01/
Kreins, J. (2003): Histoire du Luxembourg, Paris (France), p. 63
Köbler, G. (2014) Historische Enzyklopädie der Länder der Deutschen, Munich (Germany), p. 281
Smith, D. (1998): The Napoleonic Wars Data Book, London: Greenhill, p. 104
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, p.260
War of the First Coalition
