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Data

Name: Imperial City of Worms

Type: Polity

Start: 1075 AD

End: 1792 AD

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Icon Imperial City of Worms

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Was a Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire.

Establishment


  • January 1075: Worms is declared a Free Imperial City.
  • Chronology


    Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

    1. European wars of religion


    Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.

    1.1.Thirty Years' War

    Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.

    1.1.1.Swedish Period

    Was the third main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of Sweden.

  • June 1634: Conquest of Philippsburg by Sweden.

  • 1.1.2.Franco-Swedish Period

    Was the fourth main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of France.

    1.1.2.1.North German Front (Sweden)

    Was the north German front during the Franco-Swedish period of the Thirty Years' War.

  • November 1637: After the death of Swedish King Ferdinand II, his son and successor Ferdinand III brought the Swedish troops back to Pomerania, leaving the territories occupied by Sweden in Germany.

  • 1.2.Nine Years' War

    Was a conflict between France and the Grand Alliance, a coalition including the Holy Roman Empire, the Dutch Republic, England, Spain, and Savoy. It is considered the first war that saw fighting globally because battles occured in Europe, America, Africa and India.

    1.2.1.Rhineland Theatre (Nine Years' War)

    Was the Rhineland Theatre of the the Nine Years' War.

  • December 1688: The French army occupies Frankenthal.
  • January 1689: Several towns fell to the French without resistance, including Oppenheim, Worms, Bingen, Kaiserslautern, Heidelberg, Speyer and, above all, the key fortress of Mainz.
  • May 1689: The French left the Rhineland region.

  • 1.2.2.Peace of Ryswick

    Were a series of treaties that ended the Nine Years' War.

  • September 1697: Peace of Ryswick (1697): France kept Strasbourg but returned Freiburg, Breisach, Philippsburg and the Duchy of Lorraine to the Holy Roman Empire.

  • 2. Seven Years´ War


    Was a global conflict that involved most of the European great powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. At the end of the war the main winner was Great Britain, that obtained territories in North America, the Caribbean and India, becoming the most powerful maritime and colonial of the European powers.

    2.1.Central German Theatre

    Was the theatre of war in central Germany of the Seven Years' War.

    2.1.1.Rhineland Theatre (Seven Years' War)

    Was the theatre of War in the Rhineland during the Seven Years' War.

  • April 1759: The French under General Victor-François de Broglie obtained a victory against British, Hanoverian, Hessian, and Brunswick forces in the Battle of Bergen.
  • August 1759: On 1 August 1759, the Anglo-German army of Ferdinand Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg, routed the French during the Battle of Minden.
  • July 1760: French general de Broglie launched an offensive in the direction of Hesse, defeating Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel's forces on July 10 at the Battle of Korbach.
  • July 1760: The Battle of Warburg was fought on 31 July 1760 during the Seven Years' War. The battle was a victory for the Hanoverians and the British against the French army.

  • 2.2.Treaty of Paris (1763)

    Was a treaty signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain and Prussia's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.

  • February 1763: Treaty of Paris (1763): France and Spain restored all their conquests to Britain and Portugal.

  • 3. French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars


    Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.

    3.1.War of the First Coalition

    Were a series of wars between the Kingdom of France (later the French Republic) and several European Monarchies. The French Revolution had deteriorated the relations of France with the other European countries, that tried several times to invade France in order to crash the revolutionary government.

  • January 1793: In 1792, revolutionary France annexed several territories of the Holy Roman Empire, including Worms, Speyer, and territories of the Flanders region.

  • 3.1.1.Rhineland campaign of 1792

    Was a French military campaign in the Rhineland.

  • October 1792: French troops occupy Worms and Philippsburg without a fight.
  • October 1792: French general Custine captured Mainz on 21 October 1792.

  • Disestablishment


  • January 1793: In 1792, revolutionary France annexed several territories of the Holy Roman Empire, including Worms, Speyer, and territories of the Flanders region.
  • Selected Sources


  • Battle of Warburg. BritishBattles.com. Retrieved on 30 march 2024 on https://www.britishbattles.com/frederick-the-great-wars/seven-years-war/battle-of-warburg/
  • De Leon, D. (1886): The Conference at Berlin on the West-African Question, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 103-139
  • Exshaw, A. (1763): A Compleat History of the Late War, pp. 282-283
  • Schmidt, G. (2006): Der Dreißigjährige Krieg, Munich (Germany), p. 65
  • Treaty of Ryswick (English version), https://bonoc.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/tratado-ryswick.pdf
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