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Data

Name: frankfurt am main

Type: Cluster

Start: 1373 AD

End: 1866 AD

Statistics

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Icon frankfurt am main

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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.

The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:

  • Imperial City of Frankfurt am Main
  • Free City of Frankfurt
  • Establishment


  • January 1373: Frankfurt am Main is declared a Free Imperial City.
  • Chronology


    Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

    1. European wars of religion


    Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.

    1.1.Thirty Years' War

    Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.

    1.1.1.Bohemian-Palatine period

    Was the first period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with a protestant revolt in Bohemia, at the time a territory of the Habsburg Domains.

    1.1.1.1.War in Palatinate

    Was the theatre of war in Palatinate during the first phase of the Thirty Years' War.

  • December 1621: German Protestant military leader Christian of Brunswick takes Amöneburg, not far from Mainz.
  • September 1622: From the summer of 1622, the territories of the Palatinate on the right bank of the Rhine were occupied by the troops of the Catholc League. Frederick V of the Palatinate eventually lost his electoral dignity on February 23, 1623, which was transferred to Maximilian of Bavaria.

  • 1.1.2.Swedish Period

    Was the third main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of Sweden.

  • December 1631: Gustav Adolf II of Sweden crosses the Rhine with his army and besieges Mainz.

  • 1.1.3.Franco-Swedish Period

    Was the fourth main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of France.

    1.1.3.1.North German Front (Sweden)

    Was the north German front during the Franco-Swedish period of the Thirty Years' War.

  • November 1637: After the death of Swedish King Ferdinand II, his son and successor Ferdinand III brought the Swedish troops back to Pomerania, leaving the territories occupied by Sweden in Germany.

  • 2. Seven Years´ War


    Was a global conflict that involved most of the European great powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. At the end of the war the main winner was Great Britain, that obtained territories in North America, the Caribbean and India, becoming the most powerful maritime and colonial of the European powers.

    2.1.Central German Theatre

    Was the theatre of war in central Germany of the Seven Years' War.

    2.1.1.Rhineland Theatre (Seven Years' War)

    Was the theatre of War in the Rhineland during the Seven Years' War.

  • April 1759: The French under General Victor-François de Broglie obtained a victory against British, Hanoverian, Hessian, and Brunswick forces in the Battle of Bergen.
  • August 1759: On 1 August 1759, the Anglo-German army of Ferdinand Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg, routed the French during the Battle of Minden.
  • July 1760: French general de Broglie launched an offensive in the direction of Hesse, defeating Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel's forces on July 10 at the Battle of Korbach.
  • July 1760: The Battle of Warburg was fought on 31 July 1760 during the Seven Years' War. The battle was a victory for the Hanoverians and the British against the French army.

  • 3. French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars


    Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.

  • January 1807: The Imperial City of Frankfurt am Main is acquired by the Regensburg Principality.

  • 3.1.War of the First Coalition

    Were a series of wars between the Kingdom of France (later the French Republic) and several European Monarchies. The French Revolution had deteriorated the relations of France with the other European countries, that tried several times to invade France in order to crash the revolutionary government.

    3.1.1.Rhineland campaign of 1792

    Was a French military campaign in the Rhineland.

  • October 1792: The French army penetrated as far as Frankfurt, which surrendered.

  • 3.1.2.Flanders Campaign

    Was a French military campaign in the Flanders.

  • June 1795: Territory evacuated by the French at the end of the Flanders Campaign. The surrender of Luxembourg on 7 June 1795 concluded the French conquest of the Low Countries, thus marking the end of the Flanders Campaign.

  • 3.2.Congress of Vienna

    Was a series of international diplomatic meetings after the end of the Napoleonic wars whose aim was a long-term peace plan for Europe. It redraw the borders of Europe and partially restored the Monarchies of the pre-revolutionary period.

  • June 1815: Establishment of the free city of Frankfurt after the Congress of Vienna.

  • 4. German Unification Wars


    Were a series of wars that resulted in the creation of the German Empire under Prussian leadership in 1871.

    4.1.Austro-Prussian War

    Was a war between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire over the dominance of the German states. The war resulted in a Prussian victory. The German confederation was abolished and in 1871 Prussia united all the German states but Austria in the German Empire.

    4.1.1.Campaign of the Main

    Was a campaign of the Prussian army in the area of the river Main against the allies of Austria in Southern Germany during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.

  • July 1866: On the day after next, on July 16, the Prussian Main Army occupied the city of Frankfurt without a fight.

  • Disestablishment


  • July 1866: On the day after next, on July 16, the Prussian Main Army occupied the city of Frankfurt without a fight.
  • Selected Sources


  • Battle of Warburg. BritishBattles.com. Retrieved on 30 march 2024 on https://www.britishbattles.com/frederick-the-great-wars/seven-years-war/battle-of-warburg/
  • Exshaw, A. (1763): A Compleat History of the Late War, pp. 282-283
  • Kreins, J. (2003): Histoire du Luxembourg, Paris (France), p. 63
  • Schmidt, G. (2006): Der Dreißigjährige Krieg, Munich (Germany), p. 65
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