Congress of Vienna
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Was a series of international diplomatic meetings after the end of the Napoleonic wars whose aim was a long-term peace plan for Europe. It redraw the borders of Europe and partially restored the Monarchies of the pre-revolutionary period.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
June 1815: Lingen fell to Hanover with the Congress of Vienna.
September 1814: On 29 December under pressure from Austria, the Diet abolished the 1803 constitution which had been created by Napoleon in the Act of Mediation. On 6 April 1814 the so-called Long Diet met to replace the constitution. The Diet remained dead-locked until 12 September when Valais, Neuchâtel and Geneva were raised to full members of the Confederation.
February 1815: Geona was eventually annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1815.
March 1815: The United Netherlands was created in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, with William I of Orange-Nassau becoming the first King of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815. This marked the unification of the Northern and Southern Netherlands under one sovereign principality.
June 1815: The Austrian Empire receives the Tarnopol district from Russia.
June 1815: In the 1815 Congress of Vienna, Poland was formally partitioned between Russia, Prussia and Austria.
June 1815: The Congress of Vienna was a meeting of European powers to reorganize the continent after the Napoleonic Wars. The principality of Pontecorvo was ruled by Napoleon's brother-in-law, Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte. The return of Pontecorvo to the Papal States was part of the restoration of territories taken by Napoleon during his reign.
June 1815: According to the Congress of Vienna and because of the end of the Principality of Lucca-Piombino, the Duchy of Massa/Principality of Carrara is restored under the rule of Maria Beatrice d'Este.
June 1815: After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the territory of Nain went to the Kingdom of Prussia, specifically outside the German Confederation. This decision was made by the European powers to reorganize the political landscape of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
June 1815: According to the Congress of Vienna, the March of Mulazzo is ceded to the Duchy of Modena-Reggio.
June 1815: The County of Vernio, according to the Congress of Vienna, is annected to the Granduchy of Tuscany.
June 1815: Establishment of the free city of Frankfurt after the Congress of Vienna.
June 1815: Some minor territories de facto fell under the control of the Ottoman Empire in 1815.
June 1815: Fulda fell to Hanover with the Congress of Vienna.
June 1815: With the Congress of Vienna, the Kingdom of prussia acquired a large territory in the Rhineland which formed the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine, a new province of the Kingdom of Prussia.
June 1815: Territories awarded to the Duchy of Anhalt by the Congress of Vienna.
June 1815: Territories awarded to the Granduchy of Hesse by the Congress of Vienna.
June 1815: Rieneck is ceded to Bavaria.
June 1815: In 1815, the Congress of Vienna recognized the independence of Hesse-Homburg, which was expanded by adding Meisenheim.
June 1815: The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg was a territory reestablished by the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
June 1815: Luxembourg existed as an independent Grand Duchy from 1815 and was therefore not part of the Kingdom of the United Netherlands. However, from 1815 to 1890 it was ruled by the Dutch king, who was also the Grand Duke of the sovereign Luxembourg.
June 1815: The "Electorate of Hanover" was enlarged with the addition of other lands and became the kingdom of Hanover in 1814 at the peace conferences of Vienna.
June 1815: This decision was confirmed at the Congress of Vienna. The lands of the principality were divided between the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel).
June 1815: Based on Gustav Droysen's Map of the Germany during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods.
June 1815: Territorial change based on available maps.
June 1815: By the Congress of Vienna in 1815, both parts of the now sovereign Duchy of Mecklenburg became the Grand Duchy.
June 1815: The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz is elevated to the rank of grand duchy.
November 1815: The British gradually took control of the islands, and following the Treaty of Paris, the islands were formally organised into the United States of the Ionian Islands under British protection.
October 1815: Prussia agreed to exchange Swedish Pomerania with the cession of the duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg to Denmark and assumed the Danish war debt to Sweden. The delivery via the Swedish governor to the Prussian plenipotentiary minister took place in October 1815.
October 1814: The Kingdom of Hanover was established in 1814 at the Congress of Vienna as the successor state to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg. This territory was given to the Kingdom of Hanover, which was ruled by the House of Hanover, a British royal family.
October 1814: After the fall of Napoleon in 1814, George III regained his lands in Hanover and acquired additional territories from Prussia, becoming the King of Hanover.
January 1815: The Granduchy of Würzburg is partitioned between Baden and Bavaria.
October 1814: The "Electorate of Hanover" (the core duchy) was enlarged with the addition of other lands and became the kingdom of Hanover in 1814 at the peace conferences (Congress of Vienna) settling the future shape of Europe in the aftermath of the Napoleonic wars.
June 1815: At the Congress of Vienna, sovereignty of the island of Elba was returned to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
June 1815: After the downfall of France in 1814 and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was restored.
June 1815: According to the Congress of Vienna, the March of Sorbello is incorporated in the Granduchy of Tuscany.
June 1815: In addition, Oldenburg received the Principality of Birkenfeld an der Nahe as a further exclave alongside the Principality of Lübeck, so that the national territory now comprised three parts.
January 1815: Tirol is annexed by Austria.
March 1815: The United Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed, which added the former territory of the low countries that had been ruled by the Austrian Empire to the Netherlands, and had William I as its king. His son William joined the fighting at Waterloo, whose battle site was located in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Though the Dutch initiated their request to William I, the great powers of the Napoleonic wars had made a secret pact to support a strong nation on that border with France with William as its king.
June 1815: Prussia received three-fifths of Saxony with the Congress of Vienna.
June 1815: In 1815, the Congress of Vienna returned the principalities of Pontecorvo and Benevento to the Holy See.
September 1814: On September 12, 1814, Neuchâtel became the capital of the 21st canton, but also remained a Prussian principality.
June 1815: According to the Congress of Vienna, the March of Fosdinovo enters the Duchy of Modena-Reggio.
September 1814: Valais, Neuchâtel and Geneva were raised to full members of the Swiss Confederation.
January 1815: In 1814, an imperial decree reestablished the independence and economy of Andorra.
March 1815: On 20 March 1815 Bern was given the town of Biel/Bienne and much of the land that had been owned by the Bishop of Basel as compensation for lost territories.
June 1815: According to the Congress of Vienna, Lucca maintains its indipendence from Tuscany as a Duchy.
June 1815: Territories awarded to the Kingdom of Saxony by the Congress of Vienna.
June 1815: In 1815, the Congress of Vienna compelled the state to recognize the independence of Hesse-Homburg, which was expanded by adding Meisenheim. This decision was significant for the Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg and its ruler, Frederick VI.
January 1815: The region of Frankfurt was annexed by Bavaria in 1814.
June 1815: Establishment of the free city of Hamburg after the Congress of Vienna.
June 1815: According to the Congress of Vienna, the Marches of Tresana, Mulazzo, Castevoli-Villafranca, Rocchetta-Suvero and Aulla-Podenzana are ceded to the Duchy of Modena-Reggio.
January 1815: In 1814 the Kingdom of Hanover bartered Saxe-Lauenburg against Prussian East Frisia.
June 1815: With the Congress of Vienna, the Duchy of Nassau received: from Mainz, Höchst, Königstein, Cronberg, Lahnstein and the Rheingau; from Cologne some districts on the east bank of the Rhine; from Bavaria, the sub-district of Kaub; from Hesse-Darmstadt, the lordship of Eppstein, Katzenelnbogen, and Braubach; from Prussia, Sayn-Altenkirchen, Sayn-Hachenburg; and several cloisters were received from Mainz.
June 1815: Territories awarded to the Kingdom of Bavaria by the Congress of Vienna.
June 1815: Not all Austrian territories became part of the German onfederation.
June 1815: Establishment of the free city of Lübeck after the Congress of Vienna.
Selected Sources
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany), p. 26-49
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany), pp. 48-49.
