Sultanate of Rum (Ilkhanate)

This article is about the specific polity Sultanate of Rum (Ilkhanate) and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.

If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics

After the Mongol victory in the Battle of Köse Dağ, the Sultanate of Rum became a vassal of the Mongol Empire, and after the division of the Empire a vassal of the Ilkhanate.

Establishment

January 1261: The Mongol Empire fragmented into four political units: the Golden Horde, the Ilkhanate, the Yuan Dynasty and the Chagatai Khanate.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Mongol Civil Wars

Were a series of wars between the successor states of the Mongol Empire.

1.1.Toluid Civil War

Was a war of succession over the Mongol Empire fought between Kublai Khan and his younger brother, Ariq Böke, from 1260 to 1264.

1.1.1.Division of the Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire fragmented into four successor states at the beginning of the Toluid Civil War.

2. Mongol invasions and conquests

Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.

2.1.Mongol-Mamluk Wars

Were a series of wars between the Mongols and the Muslim Dynasties of the Ayyubids and Mamluks.

2.1.1.Mamluk-Ilkhanid War

Was a war between the Ilkhanate, a successor of the Mongol Empire, and the Mamluks.

April 1277: The Mamluks invaded Anatolia and defeated the Mongols at the Battle of Elbistan.

May 1277: The Mamluks leave Anatolia.

3. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

January 1262: From 1261 a Turkmen principality was formed in Ladik/Denizli.

January 1266: Sinop returned to Turkish control in 1265.

January 1276: The Sahip Ataids was an Anatolian beylik centered in Kara Hisar-i Sâhib (Afyonkarahisar).

January 1278: The Divriği branch was ended by the Ilkhanate in 1277.

January 1278: In 1277, the territory of Sinope was taken over by the Pervâneoğulları, a small and short-lived beylical dynasty. The Pervâneoğulları ruled over Sinope and its surrounding region for a brief period of time.

January 1281: The Kingdom of the Eshrefids was one of the frontier principalities established by Oghuz Turkish clans after the decline of Sultanate of Rum.

January 1281: The Kingdom of the Hamidids was one of the 14th century Anatolian beyliks that emerged as a consequence of the decline of the Sultanate of Rum.

January 1291: In 1290, Osman I proclaimed himself more autonomous from the Seljuk Turks and took the title of Bey. This marked the beginning of the Ottoman Beylik, which eventually grew into the powerful Ottoman Empire under his leadership.

January 1291: Ahis in Ankara also saw their chance to declare their semi independence under Mongol suzerainty towards the end of the century (about 1290).

January 1293: The Beylik of Jandar was founded in 1292 by Emir Jandar, a Turkmen leader. The territory was located in present-day Turkey, near the Black Sea coast. The beylik existed until it was annexed by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.

January 1294: After the Battle of Köse Dağ, the Seljuqs lost control of the city of Alaiye, and it became semi-autonomous.

January 1301: The Germiyanids rebelled against the central power in 1283, upon the execution of the sultan Kaykhusraw III by the Mongols. The struggle between combined Mongol-Seljuq forces based in Konya and the rebel forces of Germiyan continued until 1290. Eventually, the Germiyanids were able to become independent.

January 1322: The Beylik of Teke was one of the frontier principalities established by Oghuz Turkish clans after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm.

January 1322: An Ottoman column captured the southeastern coast of the Sea of Marmara