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Name: Swedish Pomerania

Type: Polity

Start: 1648 AD

End: 1814 AD

Parent: sweden

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Icon Swedish Pomerania

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Was a dominion under the Swedish Crown from 1630 to 1815 on what is now the Baltic coast of Germany and Poland.

Establishment


  • October 1648: With the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, Further Pomerania was assigned to Brandenburg-Prussia who held the rights for inheritance (Province of Pomerania (1653-1815)). Hither Pomerania stayed with the Swedish Empire and henceforth became known as Swedish Pomerania. The border was settled in the Treaty of Stettin (1653).
  • Chronology


    Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

    1. European wars of religion


    Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.

    1.1.Thirty Years' War

    Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.

    1.1.1.Peace of Westphalia

    Were a series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War. Catholics and Protestants were redefined as equal in the territories of the Holy Roman Empire. There were major territorial adjustments. In particular, France, Sweden and Brandenburg had major territorial gains, and several religious territories of the Holy Roman Empire were secularized.


    2. Northern Wars


    A series of wars fought in northern and northeastern Europe from the 16th to the 18th century.

    2.1.Second Northern War

    Was a war between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden (along with their respective allies) over the hegemony in the Baltic Sea.

  • November 1659: A combined force of 17,000 Austrians and 13,000 Brandenburgers led by general Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches invaded Swedish Pomerania, took and burned Greifenhagen, took Wollin island and Damm, besieged Stettin and Greifswald without success, but took Demmin on 9 November.
  • May 1660: The Treaty or Peace of Oliva. at Oliva was made between Sweden, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Habsburgs and Brandenburg-Prussia. Sweden was accepted as sovereign in Swedish Livonia, Brandenburg was accepted as sovereign in Ducal Prussia, and John II Casimir Vasa withdrew his claims to the Swedish throne, though he was to retain the title of a hereditary Swedish king for life. All occupied territories were restored to their pre-war sovereigns.

  • 2.2.Scanian War

    Was a war that saw Denmark and Brandenburg-Prussia fight against Sweden.

    2.2.1.Invasion of Swedish Pomerania by Brandenburg-Prussia

    Was the invasion of Swedish Pomerania by Brandenburg-Prussia during the Scanian War.

    2.2.2.Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye

    Was a peace treaty between France and the Electorate of Brandenburg at the end of the Scanian War.

    2.3.Great Northern War

    Was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

    2.3.1.Phase 2: Sweden Defending itself

    Was the second phase of the Great Northern War. It consisted in the counterattack of all the countries that Sweden had invaded during the first phase of the war.

    2.3.1.1.North German Front of the Great Northern War

    Was the theatre of war of northern Germany in the second phase of the Great Northern War.

  • August 1711: On August 29, 1711, Danish troops under the command of their king invaded Damgarten in Swedish Pomerania.
  • September 1711: From September 7, 1711, Stralsund was besieged by the Danish-Norwegian army.
  • January 1712: Frederick IV of Denmark withdrew to Wismar and Mecklenburg on January 7, 1712, leaving the territories he had occupied in Swedish Pomerania.
  • June 1712: Polish-Lithuanian forces besiege Stralsund.
  • September 1712: End of Polish-Lithuanian siege of Stralsund.
  • September 1713: The city of Stettin surrendered to Polish-Lithuanian forces.
  • November 1713: In the meantime, apart from Stralsund and the enclave of Wismar, Swedish Pomerania had been completely conquered by the allied Danes, Russians and Saxons or occupied by Prussia as a neutral power.

  • 2.3.1.2.Pomeranian Campaign

    Was a joint Danish, Prussian and Polish military campaign in Pomerania during the Great Northern War.

  • August 1715: Storming of the Peenemünder Schanze.
  • November 1715: The Allies succeeded in conquering Rügen on November 17th.
  • December 1715: Surrender of the Swedish garrison of Stralsund Fortress on December 23, 1715.

  • 2.3.2.Peace Treaties of the Great Northern War

    Were the peace treaties that ended the Great Northern War.

    2.3.2.1.Peace of Frederiksborg

    Was a treaty that ended the Great Northern War between Denmark-Norway and Sweden.

  • July 1720: In 1720, as part of the Treaty of Stockholm, Denmark returned the territories of Rügen and Western Pomerania north of the Peene, as well as the dominion of Wismar, to Sweden. This agreement was negotiated by King Frederick I of Sweden and King Frederick IV of Denmark.

  • 3. Seven Years´ War


    Was a global conflict that involved most of the European great powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. At the end of the war the main winner was Great Britain, that obtained territories in North America, the Caribbean and India, becoming the most powerful maritime and colonial of the European powers.

    3.1.Pomeranian War

    Was a theatre of war of the Seven Years' War. The term is used to describe the fighting between Sweden and Prussia between 1757 and 1762 in Swedish Pomerania, Prussian Pomerania, northern Brandenburg and eastern Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

  • April 1759: In 1759, during the Seven Years' War, the Swedish commander Carl August Ehrensvärd was forced to retreat to Stralsund by a superior Prussian force. This resulted in the loss of the garrisons at Demmin, Anklam, and Peenemünde to Prussia through military occupation.
  • June 1759: The Russian advance in May liberated Swedish Pomerania.

  • 4. French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars


    Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.

  • January 1812: French troops occupied Swedish Pomerania to end the illegal trade with the United Kingdom from Sweden.

  • 4.1.Franco-Swedish War

    Was a war between France and Sweden that took place in Swedish Pomerania.

    4.1.1.Offensive in Swedish Pomerania

    Were a series of French campaigns were Swedish Pomerania was occupied.

  • January 1807: On 28 January, French forces commanded by Marshal Mortier crossed the Peene River in an attempt to impose a blockade on Stralsund. To the east, General of Division Charles Louis Dieudonné Grandjean's division crossed the Peene at Anklam, driving back the Swedish outposts. To the west, General of Division Pierre Louis Dupas' division crossed the stream unopposed near Demmin. On the 29th, Mortier's two divisions appeared before the port and on 30 January began the blockade.
  • September 1807: Rügen conquered by france.

  • 4.2.War of the Fourth Coalition

    Was a war between the French Empire and a coalition of European monarchies, mainly Prussia and Russia.

    4.2.1.Polish, Russian and Swedish campaigns (War of the Fourth Coalition)

    Was the theatre of war in Poland, Russia and Sweden during the War of the Fourth Coalition.

  • January 1807: The Siege of Stralsund in 1807 was a military conflict between French forces under Marshal Brune and Swedish defenders led by Count von Schill. The city eventually fell to the French, leading to its occupation by Napoleon's troops.
  • April 1807: In 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars, France and Sweden agreed to a ceasefire in Stralsund. This led to the withdrawal of all French troops from Swedish Pomerania. The agreement was negotiated by French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte and Swedish King Gustav IV Adolf.
  • August 1807: However, Swedish refusal to join the Continental System led to a second invasion of Swedish Pomerania led by Marshal Brune. Stralsund fell on 24 August after a second siege and the Swedish army surrendered at Rügen, completing the occupation of Swedish Pomerania.
  • January 1808: In 1807, Swedish Pomerania was occupied by France under Marshal Brune. The peace treaty negotiated by Brune and Swedish general Johan Christopher Toll allowed the Swedish army to withdraw with their weapons and ammunition.

  • 4.3.Finnish War

    Was a war between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire fought during the Napoleonic Wars. Sweden lost Finland, which became the Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire.

  • January 1810: The Treaty of Paris in 1810 ended the war between France and Sweden after Sweden's defeat by Russia in the Finnish War. As a result, Swedish Pomerania was ceded to France.

  • 4.4.War of the Sixth Coalition

    Was a war between France and a a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, and a number of German States. The coalition emerged after the decimation of the French army in the French invasion of Russia. The coalition ultimately invaded France and forced Napoleon to abdicate and go into exile.

  • October 1813: The Swedish Army mobilized and assisted against Napoleon in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813.
  • January 1814: Swedish Pomerania, given to Denmark a year earlier in return for Norway, was ceded by Denmark to Prussia.

  • Disestablishment


  • January 1814: Swedish Pomerania, given to Denmark a year earlier in return for Norway, was ceded by Denmark to Prussia.
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