War of the Sixth Coalition
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Was a war between France and a a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, and a number of German States. The coalition emerged after the decimation of the French army in the French invasion of Russia. The coalition ultimately invaded France and forced Napoleon to abdicate and go into exile.
Chronology
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January 1814: Cottbus is ccupied by Prussia and later added to the Province of Brandenburg.
April 1813: On 5 April, in the Battle of Möckern, combined Prusso-Russian forces defeated French troops. The French withdrew to Magdeburg.
August 1813: In the Battles of Großbeeren and neighboring Blankenfelde and Sputendorf an allied Prussian-Swedish army under Crown Prince Charles John - formerly Marshal of France Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte - defeated the French.
October 1813: Napoleon withdrew with around 175,000 troops to Leipzig.
October 1813: The Battle of Leipzig or Battle of the Nations. was fought from 16 to 19 October 1813, at Leipzig, Saxony. The coalition armies of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden, led by Tsar Alexander I of Russia and Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg, decisively defeated the French army of Napoleon I.
October 1813: The Grand Duchy's short existence came to an end when the French forces pulled back in the course of the 1813 Battle of Leipzig. The territory was then administered by Prussia, which officially incorporated the former Grand Duchy according to the Final Act of the 1815 Congress of Vienna.
October 1813: Napoleon is defeated in Leipzig by the Coalition forces. The French Army is forced to leave Germany.
October 1813: Following Napoleon's defeat in 1813, the elector was restored. The rulers of the Electorate of Hesse became the only Prince-Electors in the German Confederation, even though there was no longer a Holy Roman Emperor for them to elect.
November 1813: The Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands was a short-lived sovereign principality and the precursor of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The principality was proclaimed in 1813 when the victors of the Napoleonic Wars established a political reorganisation of Europe, which would eventually be defined by the Congress of Vienna.
December 1813: The Battle of Nive near Bayonne in 1813 involved the forces of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte against the Spanish and British armies led by Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington. The battle resulted in the territory of Bayonne being captured by Spain and Great Britain.
January 1814: Dortmund, Ostfriesland, Gleichenstein, Goslar, Halberstadt, Mark, Nordhausen, Paderborn, Tecklenburg are annexed by Prussia.
January 1814: The Treaty of Kiel was signed by King Frederick VI of Denmark-Norway and Crown Prince Charles John of Sweden. The treaty ended the Napoleonic Wars and resulted in Norway being ceded to Sweden, leading to a period of Swedish military occupation in Norway.
January 1814: Occupied territories in Holstein and Schleswig are reverted to Denmark at the end of the War of the Sixth Coalition.
January 1814: Swedish Pomerania, given to Denmark a year earlier in return for Norway, was ceded by Denmark to Prussia.
January 1814: Between 1035 and 1814, the Faroe Islands were part of the Kingdom of Norway, which was in a personal union with Denmark from 1450. In 1814, the Treaty of Kiel transferred Norway to the King of Sweden, on the winning side of the Napoleonic Wars, whereas Denmark retained the Faroe Islands, along with Greenland and Iceland.
January 1814: After the defeat of Napoleon in Leipzig (Battle of Leipzig), the Papal territories occupied by the French were returned to the Holy See (January 24, 1814).
February 1814: Mormant conquered by Sixth Coalition.
February 1814: Montereau conquered by Sixth Coalition.
March 1814: After the Congress of Vienna in 1814, the former republic of Lucca was transformed into a duchy under the rule of Maria Luisa of Spain. Piombino was annexed to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, which was ruled by Ferdinand III.
March 1814: After the Congress of Vienna in 1814, the former republic of Lucca was transformed into a duchy under the rule of Maria Luisa of Spain. Piombino, on the other hand, was annexed to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany under the control of Ferdinand III.
May 1814: Republic's revival in Genoa.
May 1814: The Valtellina, formerly owned by Graubunden, was granted to Austria.
May 1814: The Scavolino County reacquired its independence at the end of the Napoleonic Domain in Italy.
May 1814: The Vernio County reacquired its independence at the end of the Napoleonic Domain in Italy.
May 1814: The Duchy of Massa in 1814, following the Congress of Vienna, at the time of its maximum expansion after the acquisition of some of the former Malaspina fiefdoms of Lunigiana, assigned the following year to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio.
May 1814: The Marquisate of Fosdinovo reacquired its independence at the end of the Napoleonic Domain in Italy.
February 1814: Méry-sur-Seine conquered by Sixth Coalition.
January 1814: The Austrian advanced near La Rothière on the afternoon.
October 1813: The Swedish Army mobilized and assisted against Napoleon in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813.
January 1814: Following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, the Congress of Vienna opted to mediatize the Leyen Principality and give it to Austria.
April 1814: In 1814, the military occupation of the Sixth Coalition ended in France. This marked the withdrawal of foreign troops, including those of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden, from French territory after the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte in the War of the Sixth Coalition.
April 1814: The Treaty of Fontainebleau was signed on 11 April 1814. Napoleon was stripped of his powers as ruler of the French Empire. The treaty also established the island of Elba as a separate principality to be ruled by Napoleon.
May 1814: During the French Revolution, the territory of Monaco was under French control from 1793 to May 17, 1814, as part of the département of Alpes-Maritimes. This period ended with the fall of the French Empire.
May 1814: The Marquisate of Sorbello reacquired its independence at the end of the Napoleonic Domain in Italy.
January 1814: Bernadotte invaded Schleswig, swiftly invested and reduced its fortresses and occupied the entire province.
May 1814: The Carpegna County reacquired its independence at the end of the Napoleonic Domain in Italy.
January 1814: Görz and Trient are annexed by Austria.
May 1814: The Duchy of Modena-Reggio is restored.
December 1813: On 16 December 1813, Radhanpur became a British protectorate.
January 1814: In December 1813, Bernadotte's Army, now some 65,000, composed only of Swedish and Russian troops following the secondment of the Prussian troops to Blücher's army, attacked the Danish Army in Holstein.
January 1814: Bremen reverted to an independent Free City in 1813.
January 1814: Kniphausen is annexed by Oldenburg.
January 1814: Ostfriesland is annexed by Russia.
January 1814: The Treaty of Kiel was signed by King Frederick VI of Denmark-Norway and Crown Prince Charles John of Sweden. As a result, Norway was forced to cede to Sweden after being part of Denmark-Norway for centuries.
January 1814: On 25 January Blücher entered Nancy.
February 1814: Napoleon inflicted such heavy punishment upon his adversaries that they fell back precipitately to Bar-sur-Aube.
March 1814: On 13 March Napoleon retook Reims.
April 1814: The French monarchy was restored by the other great powers in 1814.
May 1814: The Norwegians rejected declared independence and adopted their own constitution on 17 May.
November 1813: The Battle of Nivelle.
March 1814: With the occupation of Benevento by Murat, the prince of Talleyrand was removed (February 1814), and the principality became extinct.
May 1814: Louis-Nicolas Davout, a French military commander, was in control of Hamburg during the War of the Sixth Coalition. He eventually surrendered to Russian forces led by General Levin August, Count von Bennigsen in April 1814.
March 1814: Battle of Laon.
February 1814: Blücher himself on the night of 7/8 February was at Sézanne.
April 1814: The principality of Elba Island was a small European state, which existed in the 19th century from 1814 to 1815, ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, former emperor of the French and king of Italy.
March 1814: After the Congress of Vienna in 1814, the former republic of Lucca became a duchy under the rule of Maria Luisa of Spain. Piombino was annexed to the grand duchy of Tuscany under the control of Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
March 1814: The Battle of Paris ended when the French commanders, seeing further resistance to be hopeless, surrendered the city.
Was the treaty that ended the war between France and the Sixth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars.
May 1814: By the Treaty of Paris, May 30, 1814, the House of Savoy was restored to its rights.
May 1814: Restoration of the Duchy of Parma-Piacenza, wich is assigned for life to Napoleon's wife Maria Luisa d'Austria, who will rule on the duchy until her death in 1847.
May 1814: In the 1814 Treaty of Paris, Sweden ceded Guadeloupe to France.
May 1814: Lingen and Ravensberg are acquired by the Kingdom of Prussia.
May 1814: Oldenburg administration in Jever.
May 1814: The Duchy of Massa and Carrara is restored after the Napoleonic Wars.
May 1814: Jever is occupied by Russia.
May 1814: Vechta and part of the Bishopric of Lübeck are acquired by Oldenburg.
Selected Sources
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, p.302
