Concessions in China
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During the XIX and XX century China was forced into treaties with foreign powers that established concessions (factually enclaves) in its territory.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
June 1902: Land Regulations were approved by the government of China in May 1902.
November 1846: China leasea a concession the the British in Shanghai.
January 1859: The British briefly occupied Qingniwa during the Second Opium War in 1858.
January 1861: Great Britain returned the British Concession in Dalian to Chinese (Qing) control in 1860.
March 1861: China leases a concession in Hankow to United Kingdom.
May 1861: China leases a concession in Tientsin to France.
January 1862: Establishment of the British Concession in Jiujiang in accordance to the Treaty of Tientsin signed after China's defeat in the Second Opium War..
January 1862: Establishment of the British Concession in Zhenjiang in accordance to the Treaty of Tientsin signed after China's defeat in the Second Opium War..
September 1863: The Shanghai International Settlement is created by the amalgamation of American and British concessions.
April 1895: China leases a concession in Tientsin to Japan.
October 1895: China leases a concession in Tientsin to Germany.
December 1897: Establishment of Russian Dalian.
January 1898: Suzhou was one of the four ports specified to be opened to the Empire of Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki (17 April 1895).
June 1898: New Territories in Hong Kong leased to U.K. by China for 99 years.
July 1898: China leases a concession in Hankow to Japan.
January 1899: One of the four ports specified to be opened to the Empire of Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki (17 April 1895).
June 1902: China leases a concession in Tientsin to Italy.
December 1902: The Belgian Concession in Tianjin was established in 1902 after Belgian envoy Maurice Joostens claimed the parcel in the negotiations following the defeat of the Boxer rebels.
January 1928: The British Concession in Jiujiang was occupied by National government's troops to prevent it from being looting by violent crowds of demonstrants.
January 1931: An agreement to return the concession of Belgian Concession in Tianjin to China was signed in August 1929 and approved by the Belgian parliament in 1931.
August 1937: Japanese occupy Peiping.
October 1938: Japanese occupy the Chinese city of Hankow.
October 1940: Japanese military landing and occupation of Liugong Island on 1 October 1940.
September 1943: The Italian Concession in Tianjin is occupied by Japan.
January 1944: Territorial change based on available maps.
March 1898: On 1 November 1897, a band of armed men, who were perhaps members of the Big Swords Society, stormed the residence of a German missionary from the Society of the Divine Word and killed two priests. When Kaiser Wilhelm II received news of these murders, he dispatched the German East Asia Squadron to occupy Jiaozhou Bay. Then the enforcement of the lease agreement of March 6, 1898 with China occurred.
October 1945: U.S. Marines accept the surrender of Japanese troops in Tientsin.
December 1941: The Japanese occupy the International Settlement of Shanghai (but not the French concession).
June 1896: China leases a concession in Hankow to Russia.
January 1946: With the unconditional surrender of Japan in August 1945, Dairen was passed to the Soviets, whose Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation had liberated the city.
October 1930: Establishment of the Liugong Island Concession.
March 1917: Lease of the German Concession in Hankou is terminated by China.
August 1917: Austria-Hungary was, due to World War I, unable to maintain control of its Concession in Tianjin. The concession zone was swiftly occupied by China at the Chinese declaration of war on the Central powers and on 14 August 1917 the lease was terminated.
January 1850: China leases to France a concession in Shanghai.
September 1920: China takes over temporary administration and terminates the Russian Concession in Hankou.
October 1895: China leases a concession in Hankow to Germany.
October 1860: China leases a concession in Tientsin to United Kingdom.
April 1943: Vichy France retrocedes the French Concession in Tianjin to the Japanese.
July 1943: Vichy France retrocedes the French Concession in Shanghai to the Japanese.
November 1897: Establishment of the Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory (Germany).
January 1927: Chinese Nationalist forces occupy the British Concession in Hankou.
July 1927: China takes over administration and terminates the Russian Concession in Tianjin.
May 1898: The British occupy Weihaiwei (Weihai Wei-hai).
October 1930: British Weihaiwei returned to China.
January 1938: The Japanese Concession in Chongqing was abandoned at the outbreak of Second Sino-Japanese War.
October 1938: Japan temporarily evacuate its concession in Hankou.
December 1941: The Japanese occupied the British Concession in Tianjin upon their declaration of war against Britain on 7 December 1941.
June 1896: China leases a concession in Hankow to France.
December 1900: China leases a concession in Tientsin to Russia.
January 1930: The Kuomintang government revoked the British concession at Zhenjiang in 1929.
December 1902: On December 27, 1902, Austria-Hungary gained a concession zone in Tianjin as part of the reward for its contribution to the Alliance during the Boxer Rebellion.
January 1943: Japanese occupation of Gulangyu Island began in 1942.
January 1898: Hangzhou was one of the four ports specified to be opened to the Empire of Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki (17 April 1895).
November 1914: The German Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory is occupied by Japan.
January 1898: Chongqing was one of the four ports specified to be opened to the Empire of Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki (17 April 1895).
September 1854: The American Concession in Shanghai is formally delineated.
Selected Sources
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 4
