Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England
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In two campaigns, in 1277 and 1282-83, respectively, Edward I of England first greatly reduced the territory of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd ("Llywelyn the Last"), and then completely overran it, as well as the other remaining Welsh principalities.
Chronology
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January 1246: A dynastic dispute in the succession to the throne, weakened Gwynedd (Wales) and allowed Henry III of England to seize Perfeddwlad.
January 1257: From 1256 a resurgent Gwynedd under Llywelyn ap Gruffudd resumed the war with Henry and took back Perfeddwlad.
February 1283: War broke out in Wales again in 1282, as a result of a rebellion by Llywelyn's brother Dafydd, who was discontented with the reward he had received from Edward of England in 1277. Edward raised a new army and boldly marched into Snowdonia in January 1283 and captured Dolwyddelan Castle in the heartland of the Welsh resistance.
July 1283: The conquest of Gwynedd was completed with the capture in June 1283 of Dafydd. Edward divided the territory of the Welsh principalities between himself (that is, retained under direct royal control) and his supporters through feudal grants, which in practice became new Marcher lordships.
December 1277: In July 1277, Edward of England launched a punitive expedition into North Wales. Llywelyn soon realised his position was hopeless and quickly surrendered. By the Treaty of Aberconwy in November 1277, Llywelyn was left only with the western part of Gwynedd, though he was allowed to retain the title of Prince of Wales.
