Franco-Prussian War
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Was a war that saw the Second French Empire fight against an alliance of German states led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The war was caused by the struggle over dominance in continental Europe between Prussia and France. The German states were victorious and in 1871 merged to form the German Empire. France was occupied and forced to cede Alsace-Lorraine to Germany.
Chronology
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Was a French military operation at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War.
August 1870: Battle of Saarbrücken.
Was the invasion of the Second French Empire by an alliance of German states during the Franco-Prussian War. The French defeat at Sédan (1870) caused the fall of the French Empire.
August 1870: Battle of Wissembourg.
August 1870: Siege of Toul.
August 1870: On the late afternoon of 14 August the leading Prussian VII Corps of First Army attacked the French forces still east of the Moselle in the battle of Borny (also known as Borny-Colombey or Colombey-Nouilly from the chain of villages to the east of Metz).
August 1870: Upon learning from captured Prussian soldiers and a local area police chief that the Prussian Crown Prince's Third Army was just 48 km north from Saarbrücken near the Rhine river town Wissembourg, General Le Bœuf and Napoleon III decided to retreat to defensive positions. General Frossard, without instructions, hastily withdrew his elements of the Army of the Rhine in Saarbrücken back across the river to Spicheren and Forbach.
August 1870: Battle of Beaumont.
September 1870: Battle of Mars-la-Tour.
August 1870: Siege of Phalsbourg (1870).
August 1870: Battle of Spicheren.
August 1870: Battle of Mars-la-Tour.
September 1870: Siege of Metz.
August 1870: Siege of Bitche (1870-1871).
September 1870: The Battle of Sedan in northeastern France during September 1-2, 1870, was the most important engagement of the Franco-Prussian War). The battle brought the French Empire to an end and decided the outcome of the war.
August 1870: Battle of Wörth.
September 1870: Battle of Borny-Colombey.
September 1870: Battle of Noisseville.
August 1870: Siege of Strasbourg.
August 1870: Siege of Metz.
September 1870: When the news of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men arrived, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta on 4 September. The new government called itself the Government of National Defence.
September 1870: Siege of Toul.
September 1870: Siege of Strasbourg.
December 1870: Siege of Phalsbourg (1870).
August 1870: Battle of Gravelotte.
Was the continuation of the German invasion of France after the fall of the Second French Empire. The newly created Second French Republic continued to fight, but the German troops eventually occupied most of northern and central France.
September 1870: Siege of Soissons.
November 1870: Battle of Coulmiers.
November 1870: Siege of Belfort (1870-1871).
January 1871: Battle of the Lisaine.
January 1871: Battle of Saint-Quentin (1871).
December 1870: Battle of Orleans (1870).
December 1870: Siege of Péronne (1871).
January 1871: Battle of Le Mans (1871).
January 1871: Battle of Villersexel.
February 1871: Battle of Villersexel.
November 1870: Battles of Dijon (1870-1871).
October 1870: Siege of Soissons.
November 1870: Siege of Thionville (1870).
November 1870: Siege of La Fère (1870).
December 1870: Fight of Longeau.
October 1870: Battle of Chateaudun.
February 1871: Siege of Belfort (1870-1871).
October 1870: Battles of Dijon (1870-1871).
September 1870: It was not till after the capitulation of Metz, and almost at the same time with the close blockade of Thionville, that Montmedy was invested by the German forces.
September 1870: On September 19, the Germans surrounded it and erected a blockade, as already established at Metz, completing the encirclement on 20 September.
November 1870: Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (1870).
December 1870: Battle of Coulmiers.
December 1870: Siege of Montmédy (1870).
Was the unification of 25 German states into the German Empire under the leadership of the Kingdom of Prussia, officially proclaimed on 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France.
January 1871: Bremen became an autonomous state of the newly founded German Empire in 1871.
January 1871: In 1871, the Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont became a constituent state of the new German Empire.
January 1871: Prussia becomes part of the German Empire.
January 1871: Unification of Germany into a German Empire with tight political and administrative integration, replacing the decentralized German Confederation and Holy Roman Empire, was officially proclaimed on 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France.
January 1871: In 1871, Oldenburg joined the German Empire.
January 1871: While the Kingdom of Hanover was annexed by Prussia in 1866, the Duchy of Brunswick remained sovereign and independent. It joined first the North German Confederation and in 1871 the German Empire.
January 1871: From January 18, 1871, the Principality of Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen belonged to the German Reich.
January 1871: Unification of German States.
January 1871: From 1871 Lippe was a state within the German Empire.
January 1871: Lübeck became a member state of the German Empire in 1871.
Following the collapse of the Second French Empire, the French National Guard established a revolutionary government in Paris. The national French Army suppressed the Commune at the end of May during La semaine sanglante ("The Bloody Week") beginning on 21 May 1871.
May 1871: End of the Commune in Paris.
May 1871: The territory of Alsace-Lorraine was reconquered by the French Republic on November 28, 1918. This region had been under German military occupation since 1871 following the Franco-Prussian War. The return of Alsace-Lorraine to France was a significant event in the aftermath of World War I.
March 1871: Soldiers of the Commune's National Guard killed two French army generals, and the Commune refused to accept the authority of the French government.
Was the phased evacuation of France by the forces of the German Empire as settled in the Treaty of Frankfurt (1871) that had ended the Franco-Prussian War.
May 1871: By application of the Treaty of Frankfurt, the departments of Calvados, Orne, Sarthe, Eure-et-Loir, Loiret, Loir-et-Cher, Indre-et-Loire, Yonne, Seine-Inférieure, Eure, Seine-et-Oise, Seine-et-Marne as far as the Seine, Aube and Côte-d'Or were evacuated by the Germans following its signature on May 10, 1871.
July 1871: The treaty of Frankfurt provided that after a first payment by France of an indemnity of half a billion, the evacuation of German troops would extend to the departments of the Somme, the Oise and parts of the departments of Seine-Inférieure, Seine-et -Oise and Seine-et-Marne, located on the right bank of the Seine. These 6 departments were liberated at the end of July 1871 after payment of 500 million francs in mid-July, and one billion in August.
October 1871: The departments of Aisne, Aube, Côte-d'Or, Doubs and Jura were evacuated by the Germans in accordance with the treaty of Frankfurt.
August 1873: The advance payment by the French at the beginning of 1873 of the last of the 5 billion in compensation led to the liberation of the departments of Ardennes, Marne, Haute-Marne and Vosges from german occupation in July 1873.
October 1873: The German army leaves Belfort, the Meuse and the Meurthe-et-Moselle.
According to the peace treaty signed in Frankfurt on 10 May 1871, at the end of the Franco-Prussian War, the region of Alsace-Lorraine was ceded by France to Germany.
May 1871: Peace treaty signed in Frankfurt on 10 May 1871, at the end of the Franco-Prussian War. It established the frontier between the French Third Republic and the German Empire, which involved the ceding of 1,694 French villages and cities to Germany.
Selected Sources
B. Stephen (2003): The Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871, Osprey Publishing, p.37
B. Stephen (2003): The Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871, Osprey Publishing, p.43
B. Stephen (2003): The Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871, Osprey Publishing, p.54
B. Stephen (2003): The Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871, Osprey Publishing, p.65
B. Stephen (2003): The Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871, Osprey Publishing, p.69
B. Stephen (2003): The Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871, Osprey Publishing, pp.36,37
B. Stephen (2003): The Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871, Osprey Publishing, pp.38,40
B. Stephen (2003): The Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871, Osprey Publishing, pp.43-46
B. Stephen (2003): The Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871, Osprey Publishing, pp.61-65
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, p.154
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, p.223
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, p.313
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, p.337
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, p.82
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, pp.154, 155
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, pp.180, 181
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, pp.2, 4
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, pp.224, 225
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, pp.321, 322
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, pp.368, 369
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, pp.389, 390
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, pp.4, 5
Graf von Moltke, H. (2022): The Franco-German War of 1870-71, Good Press, pp.5, 6
Köbler, G. (2014) Historische Enzyklopädie der Länder der Deutschen, C.H. Beck München, pp. 28-31
O'Mahony, C. I. (2013). War within the Walls: Conflict and Citizenship in the Murals of the Hôtel de Ville, Paris. Journal of War & Culture Studies, 6(1), 6-23.
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, p.359
Von Tiedemann, B. (1877): The siege operations in the campaign against France, 1870-71, London : Her majesty's stationery office, p. 110
Von Tiedemann, B. (1877): The siege operations in the campaign against France, 1870-71, London : Her majesty's stationery office, p. 140
Von Tiedemann, B. (1877): The siege operations in the campaign against France, 1870-71, London : Her majesty's stationery office, p. 148
Von Tiedemann, B. (1877): The siege operations in the campaign against France, 1870-71, London : Her majesty's stationery office, p. 186
Von Tiedemann, B. (1877): The siege operations in the campaign against France, 1870-71, London : Her majesty's stationery office, p. 192
Von Tiedemann, B. (1877): The siege operations in the campaign against France, 1870-71, London : Her majesty's stationery office, p. 21
Von Tiedemann, B. (1877): The siege operations in the campaign against France, 1870-71, London : Her majesty's stationery office, p. 96
Von Tiedemann, B. (1877): The siege operations in the campaign against France, 1870-71, London : Her majesty's stationery office, pp. 67-68, 84-85
