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The Frankish Kingdom was partitioned and reuinited several times as the Frankish rulers used to divide their territories equally among their heirs. This lead also to a number of wars and revolts.
Chronology
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January 716: In 715 Odo the great declared himself independent during the civil war raging in Gaul. No other time seems reasonable for the acquisition of Potiers and neighboring territories since an attempt to conquer limoges by Wolf I was unsuccessful in 673.
After the death of King Clovis I, the Frankish Kingdom was divided among his four sons.
November 511: Frankish King Clovis died in Paris in 511. According to old Germanic custom, his kingdom was divided equally among his four sons. Chlodomer received the Kingdom of Orléans.
November 511: Frankish King Clovis died in Paris in 511. According to old Germanic custom, his kingdom was divided equally among his four sons. Childebert received the Kingdom of Paris.
November 511: Frankish King Clovis died in Paris in 511. According to old Germanic custom, his kingdom was divided equally among his four sons. Chlothar received the Kingdom of Soissons.
November 511: Frankish King Clovis died in Paris in 511. According to old Germanic custom, his kingdom was divided equally among his four sons. Theuderic received the Kingdom of Metz.
The Kingdom of Orleans (a Frankish Kingdom originated from one of the many Frankish partitions) was to be divided among the three sons of late King Chlodomer but was finally occupied and partitioned between Chlothar I and Childebert I, who were Chlodomer's brothers.
January 525: The three sons of Clodomiro, Theobald, Guntario and Clodoaldo, were entrusted to the custody of their grandmother, Saint Clotilde, and her kingdom was divided between the brothers Clotaire I and Childebert I, waiting for the legitimate heirs to come of age. But Clotaire I and Childebert I agreed to divide the kingdom and had their two eldest nephews suppressed: only Clodoald escaped the massacre and managed to hide until he was an adult, then accepting to become a monk in Novientum and thus being spared.
The Burgundian kingdom was invaded and divided between the Frankish rulers.
January 535: In 532, Childebert and Chlothar seized Autun. They hunted for Godomar III, brother of Sigismund, with the help of his father and ally, the king of the Ostrogoths Theoderic the Great.
The death of Athalaric, the grandson and successor of Theodoric the Great, in 534 generated a succession crisis in the Ostrogothic kingdom, the Burgundian ally. Chlothar, Theudebert, and Childebert took the opportunity to invade the Burgundian kingdom, now devoid of Ostrogothic protection. The Burgundian kingdom was overtaken and divided between the three Frankish rulers. Chlothar received Grenoble, Die and many of the neighbouring cities.
When the Frankish subking of Metz Theudebal died, the frankish subking Chlothar married his widow to take control of the kingdom.
January 556: Theudebald, Chlothar's great-nephew and the grandson of the late Theuderic, died childless in 555. So Chlothar immediately went to Metz to take possession of the kingdom from his late nephew, but under Salic Law he had to share it with his brother. So he married Vuldetrade, Theudebald's widow and the daughter of the Lombard king Wacho. This ensured the smooth succession to the kingdom of Great Metz, as well as an alliance with the Lombards, established since the reign of Theudebert. But the bishops condemned this incestuous marriage and forced Chlothar to divorce her. They gave her in marriage to the Bavarian Duke Garibald. To compensate for the breakdown of the marriage with Vuldetrade, Chlothar gave Chlothsind, his daughter, to the Lombard prince and future king, Alboin.
On 23 December 558, Childebert, the Frankish sub-King of Paris and Orléans died childless after a long illness. This allowed Chlothar, who ruled all other Frankish territories, to reunite the Greater Frankish Kingdom.
December 558: Childebert and Chlothar were sons of King Clovis I of the Franks. Chlothar took advantage of his brother's death in 558 to reunite the Greater Frankish Kingdom and consolidate power by seizing his brother's treasure. This event solidified Chlothar's control over the kingdom.
December 558: On 23 December 558, Childebert died childless after a long illness. This allowed Chlothar to reunite the Greater Frankish Kingdom, as his father Clovis had done, and seize the treasure of his brother.
The Frankish King Chlothar I died at the end of 561, leaving his kingdom to his four sons.
November 561: The Frankish King Chlothar I died at the end of 561, leaving his kingdom to his four sons. Charibert received the ancient kingdom of Childebert I, between the Somme and Pyrénées, with Paris as its capital, and including the Paris Basin, Aquitaine and Provence.
November 561: The Frankish King Chlothar I died at the end of 561, leaving his kingdom to his four sons. Guntram received Burgundy with a part of the kingdom of Orléans, where he established his capital.
November 561: The Frankish King Chlothar I died at the end of 561, leaving his kingdom to his four sons. Sigebert received the kingdom of Metz with its capital Reims and Metz.
November 561: The Frankish King Chlothar I died at the end of 561, leaving his kingdom to his four sons. Chilperic received the territories north of the kingdom of Soissons.
Was a war between two Teilreiche (polities emerging from the hereditary divisions of the Frankish Kingdom that repeatedly divided and reunited) of the Frankish Kingdom.
January 563: After defeating the Avars, Sigebert marched against Chilperic, managing to occupy Soissons, the capital of Chilperic's kingdom, and to capture Theodebert, his eldest son, who was returned to him, in good health, the following year.
February 563: After defeating the Avars, Sigebert marched against Chilperic, managing to occupy Soissons, the capital of Chilperic's kingdom, and to capture Theodebert, his eldest son, who was returned to him, in good health, the following year.
After the death of Charibert King of the Teilreich (polities emerging from the hereditary divisions of the Frankish Kingdom that repeatedly divided and reunited) of Paris, his kingdom was partitioned between his brothers.
January 568: The Kingdom of Paris, in the absence of legitimate male heirs, was divided between the Gontrano brothers (who had the greater part), Sigebert I and Chilperico I .
Was the invasion of a Frankish Teilreich (polities emerging from the hereditary divisions of the Frankish Kingdom that repeatedly divided and reunited) by another Frankish Teilreich.
January 574: In 573, Sigebert took possession of Poitiers and Touraine, and conquered most of his kingdom. Chilperic then hid in Tournai.
He was succeeded by his son Childebert under the regency of Brunhilda. Brunhilda and Childebert quickly put themselves under the protection of Guntram, who eventually adopted Childebert as his own son and heir. With Brunhilda he had two daughters: Ingund and Chlodosind.
The Frankish subking was assassinated and his reign invaded by his relatives.
January 576: At Sigebert's moment of triumph, when he had just been declared king by Chilperic's subjects at Vitry-en-Artois, he was struck down by two assassins working for Fredegund.
Was the invasion of a Frankish Teilreich (polities emerging from the hereditary divisions of the Frankish Kingdom that repeatedly divided and reunited) by another Frankish Teilreich.
January 577: Chilperic retrieved his position, took from Austrasia Tours and Poitiers and some places in Aquitaine, and fostered discord in the kingdom of the east during the minority of Childebert II.
In 578, Frankish subking Chilperic sent an army to fight the Breton ruler Waroch II of the Bro-Wened along the Vilaine.
January 579: In 578, Frankish sub-king Chilperic sent an army to fight the Breton ruler Waroch II of the Bro-Wened along the Vilaine. The armies fought for three days before Waroch submitted, and agreed to pay an annual tribute.
January 579: In 578, Chilperic sent an army to fight the Breton ruler Waroch II of the Bro-Wened along the Vilaine. The Frankish army consisted of units from the Poitou, Touraine, Anjou, Maine, and Bayeux. The Baiocassenses (men from Bayeux) were Saxons and they in particular were routed by the Bretons. The armies fought for three days before Waroch submitted, did homage for Vannes, sent his son as a hostage, and agreed to pay an annual tribute.
Was the invasion of the Frankish Teilreich (polities emerging from the hereditary divisions of the Frankish Kingdom that repeatedly divided and reunited) of Gontran by his brother King Chilperic I who annexed parts of Aquitania.
January 582: Austrasia then approaches the kingdom of Soissons. The disappearance of the sons of Chilpéric indeed gives Childebert II, successor of Sigebert, the possibility of finding himself heir to two teilreich. Egidius negotiates a pact with Chilpéric: Childebert II becomes legatee of all the goods belonging to him. This diplomatic change arouses disputes between Austrasians and Burgundians. Chilpéric took the opportunity to enlarge his Aquitaine domains by seizing Saintes, Angoulême, Périgueux and Agen, cities under Burgundian domination. The following year, Gontran recognizes the conquests of Chilpéric in order to negotiate a peace with him.
Was the invasion by Frankish sub-King Chilperic I of the Burgundian domains of his brothers.
September 583: In the spring or summer of 583, Chilperic's troops attacked from the north. They seize Melun. To the south, the Duke of Toulouse Didier commands the troops from Aquitaine, to which are joined the troops of Duke Bladaste from Novempopulania. They enter Berry where they face those of Gontran near the fortified town of Châteaumeillant. The resulting battle turns into a massacre. The invaders emerge victorious. They seize the stronghold of Argenton. Then they establish the seat of Bourges. For his part, Gontran marches north. A battle takes place between Étampes and Orléans from which Gontran emerges victorious. The next day, a peace is concluded by exchange of ambassadors.
October 583: In the spring or summer of 583, Chilperic's troops attacked from the north. They seize Melun. To the south, the Duke of Toulouse Didier commands the troops from Aquitaine, to which are joined the troops of Duke Bladaste from Novempopulania. They enter Berry where they face those of Gontran near the fortified town of Châteaumeillant. The resulting battle turns into a massacre. The invaders emerge victorious. They seize the stronghold of Argenton. Then they establish the seat of Bourges. For his part, Gontran marches north. A battle takes place between Étampes and Orléans from which Gontran emerges victorious. The next day, a peace is concluded by exchange of ambassadors.
Was a treaty between Gontran and Childebert II, both Frankish subkings, about the extent of their domains.
January 588: In 587, Frankish sub-king Gontrand compelled obedience from Waroch II, the Breton ruler of the Vannetais.
November 587: The Treaty of Andelot, signed in 587 between Gontran I, King of Burgundy, and his nephew Childebert II, King of Austrasia, was to ensure perpetual peace between the two kingdoms. Recognized in Gontran the possessions of Châteaudun, Vendôme and the fortifications of the region of Chartres and Etampes.
November 587: Childebert II was recognized, with the exception of the Duchy of Dentelin (i.e. Paris), the possessions of his father Sigebert I: Meaux, Tours, Poitiers, Avranches, Aire-sur-Adour, Couserans, Labourd and Albi.
January 588: In 587, Gontrand compelled obedience from Waroch II, the Breton ruler of the Vannetais.
After the death of Gontan of Orleans, the Frankish subking of Metz, Childebert II, merged the Kingdoms of Orleans and Metz.
January 593: On the death of Guntram, in 592, the kingdom of Burgundia and the region of Orléans passed to Childebert II, without meeting any opposition, and thus the kingdoms of Austrasia and Burgundy were unified under the crown of Childebert II.
January 593: On the death of Guntram, in 592, the vassal kingdoms of Brittany passed to Sigebert.
After the death of Frankish subking Childebert II, the kingdom of Metz was partitioned between his two sons.
January 594: Frankish sub-king Childebert II and his young wife Faileuba were poisoned to death in 596. He had two young sons: the older, Theudebert II, inherited Austrasia with its capital at Metz, and the younger, Theuderic II received Guntram's former kingdom of Burgundy, with its capital at Orléans.
Was the invasion of a Frankish Teilreich (polities emerging from the hereditary divisions of the Frankish Kingdom that repeatedly divided and reunited) by another Frankish Teilreich.
January 597: Fredegonda and Clotaire II, in 596, occupied Paris, then marched against Theodoric II and Theodebert II, on which they reported a clear victory in the battle, which took place in the forest of Leucofao (near the town of Dizy-le-Gros).
January 605: Under the urging of his grandmother, Theodoric in 604 routed Clotaire's troops near Étampes, freed Orléans besieged and occupied Paris, but failed to eliminate Clotaire, to whose aid Theodebert II had come; the onerous peace of Compiègne was stipulated, which Clotaire was forced to accept.
Was a war between two Teilreiche (polities emerging from the hereditary divisions of the Frankish Kingdom that repeatedly divided and reunited) of the Frankish Kingdom.
January 603: During their reigns, Theudebert and Theuderic campaigned successfully in Gascony, where they had established the Duchy of Gascony and brought the Basques to submission (602). This original Gascon conquest included lands south of the Pyrenees, namely Biscay and Gipuzkoa.
January 611: In 610, Theudebert II, the King of Metz, took control of the Duchy of Alsace from Theuderic II, the King of Burgundy. This event was part of the power struggles between the Merovingian kings in the region during that time.
January 613: Brunhilda, who, angered over her expulsion from Theudebert's court, convinced Theuderic to unseat him and kill him. In 612 he did and the whole realm of his father Childebert was once again ruled by one man.
January 613: Biscay and Gipuzka conquered by Kingdom of the Visigoths.
Subking Chlothar II was able to conquer all the other Frankish realms, thus reuniting the Frankish Kingdom.
January 614: In 613 Frankish sub-king Chlothar II defeated Brunhilda (who was regent of the Kingdom of Orleans for her great-grandson Sigebert II) in battle. After having her and Sigebert II executed, Chlothar II reunited all Frankish realms.
When Chlothar II died in 628, Dagobert, in accordance with his father's wishes, granted a subkingdom to his younger brother Charibert II. This subkingdom, commonly called Aquitaine, was a new creation.
January 640: After the death of Frankish king Dagobert I, the two Frankish kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria became independent once again under Sigebert III and Clovis II.
January 630: When Frankish sub-king Chlothar died in 628, Dagobert, in accordance with his father's wishes, granted a subkingdom to his younger brother Charibert II. This subkingdom, commonly called Aquitaine, was a new creation.
Frankish mayor of the palace Ebroin reunited the entire Frankish kingdom in name of Chlothar III (nominal ruler of Neustria) by removing Childebert (King of Austrasia, the other Frankish sub-Kingdom) in 661.
January 662: Frankish major Ebroin reunited the entire Frankish kingdom for Clovis's successor Chlothar III, the ruler of Neustria, by killing Grimoald (the mayor of the palace of Austrasia) and removing Childebert (the Austrasian king and also the son of Grimoald) in 661.
The Frankish Kingdom was partitioned into Austrasia and Neustria.
January 663: The Austrasian aristocracy, led by the Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Wulfoald, elevated Childeric II to the throne, splitting again the Frankish Empire into Austrasia and Neustria.
King Childeric II of Austrasia was able to conquer all the other Frankish realms, thus reuniting the Frankish Kingdom.
January 674: Childeric II, king of Austrasia, taking advantage of the unrest following the death of his brother Chlothar III (the king of Neustria), invaded Neustria in 673, deposed Chlothar's successor Theodoric III and later also marched in Burgundia, becoming ruler of all the Frankish kingdoms.
The Frankish Kingdom was partitioned into Austrasia and Neustria.
April 676: After the death of Childeric II, who was king of all the Franks, Theuderic III (the younger brother of Childeric) became king of Neustria, whereas Clovis III (whose relationship to Childeric is unclear) became king of Austrasia. At the same time Chilperic, Childeric II legitimate son, was imprisoned in a monastery.
Frankish subking of Neustria Theuderic III inherited Austrasia and reunited the whole Frankish kingdom under his domain.
January 680: After king Dagobert was murdered in 678 AD, the crown of Austrasia went to Theodoric III who became king of all Franks.
Was a war between Teilreiche of the Frankish Kingdom (polities emerging from the hereditary divisions of the Frankish Kingdom that repeatedly divided and reunited). After their defeat at the Battle of Vincy, Chilperic and Ragenfrid allied with Odo the Great, the independent duke of Aquitaine, and marched on Soissons. .
October 719: After their defeat at the Battle of Vincy, Chilperic and Ragenfrid allied with Odo the Great, the independent duke of Aquitaine, and marched on Soissons. Unfortunately, Charles had anticipated this, and was awaiting them. That army easily defeated the allied forces of Odo, Chilperic, and Ragenfrid near Soissons. The war was over and Charles was undisputed dux Francorum.
27.1.Secession of Neustria and Burgundy
After the death of Pepin of Herstal (de facto ruler of Francia as the Mayor of the Palace), Neustria broke away from the Frankish Kingdom.
September 715: The death of Pepin of Herstal, the Mayor of the Palace of the Frankish Emoire, caused a conflict between his heirs and the Neustrian nobles who sought political independence from Austrasian control. Eventually, Pepin's son Charles Martel was acclaimed mayor by the nobles of Austrasia. At the same time Chilperic II, the cloistered son of Childeric II, was proclaimed king of Neustria.
27.2.Unification of the Frankish Kingdom (718)
Unification of the Frankish Kingdom under Charles Martel.
January 719: By 718 Charles Martel was the de facto ruler of Austrasia. He then forced the king of Neustria, Chilperic II, into submission and unified the Frankish realms as Mayor of the Palace of all kingdoms.
The Neustrians rebelled under Ragenfrid.
January 724: Then the Neustrians rebelled under Ragenfrid, who had left the county of Anjou. They were easily defeated (724), but Ragenfrid gave up his sons as hostages in turn for keeping his county. This ended the civil wars of Charles' reign.
Shortly before his death in October 741, Charles Martel divided the realm between his two sons by his first wife. The division of the kingdom gave Austrasia, Alemannia, and Thuringia to Carloman and Neustria, Provence, and Burgundy to Pepin.
October 741: Shortly before his death in October 741, Charles divided the realm as if he were king between his two sons by his first wife. The division of the kingdom gave Austrasia, Alemannia, and Thuringia to Carloman and Neustria, Provence, and Burgundy to Pepin.
October 741: Succeeding his father as the Mayor of the Palace in 741, Pepin reigned over Francia jointly with his elder brother Carloman. Pepin ruled in Neustria, Burgundy, and Provence, while his brother Carloman established himself in Austrasia, Alemannia and Thuringia. The brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the Bavarians, Aquitanians, Saxons, and the Alemanni in the early years of their reign. In 743, they ended the Frankish interregnum by choosing Childeric III, who was to be the last Merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the Franks.
Carloman of Austrasia withdrew from public life in 747 to take up the monastic habit, thus his brother Pepin of Neustria reunited the whole Frankish Kingdom.
January 748: King Carloman of Austrasia withdrew from public life in 747 to take up the monastic habit. His brother Pepin, who ruled over Neustria, reunited the whole Frankish Kingdom.
Upon Pepin's death in 768, his sons, Charles (the future Charlemagne) and Carloman, once again divided the kingdom between themselves.
September 768: Upon Pepin's death in 768, his sons, Charles and Carloman, once again divided the kingdom between themselves. Carloman received the one that had been devolved to his uncle Carloman, namely Austrasia, Alemania, Thuringia, and the tributary countries.
After the death of Carloman, his surviving brother Charles (the future Charlemagne) reunited the Frankish Kingdom.
December 771: The death of Carlomannoa Salmontiaco, again according to Einhard, occurred as a result of an illness, after just over two years of reign. It was sudden (December 4, 771) and talked about. Despite having heirs, in particular the eldest son, Pippin, half of the kingdom owned by Carloman, after a small meeting of nobles, went to Charles, who was proclaimed his brother's successor for which he had power over the whole kingdom of the Franks without bloodshed.
The Treaty of Verdun, signed in August 843, was the first of the treaties that divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms among the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, who was the son of Charlemagne. The treaty, signed in Verdun-sur-Meuse, ended the three-year Carolingian Civil War.
September 843: The Treaty of Verdun, signed in August 843, divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms among the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, who was the son of Charlemagne. The treaty, signed in Verdun-sur-Meuse, ended the three-year Carolingian Civil War.
The Treaty of Prüm, concluded on 19 September 855, was the second of the partition treaties of the Carolingian Empire. As Emperor Lothair I was approaching death, he divided his realm of Middle Francia among his sons.
September 855: The Treaty of Prüm, concluded on 19 September 855, was the second of the partition treaties of the Carolingian Empire. As Emperor Lothair I was approaching death, he divided his realm of Middle Francia among his sons.
Encouraged by his nephews Peppin II and Charles of Provence, Louis of East Francia invaded in West Francia in 858. Charles the Bald could not even raise an army to resist the invasion and fled to Burgundy.
January 859: Encouraged by his nephews Peppin II and Charles of Provence, Louis invaded in West Francia in 858. Charles the Bald could not even raise an army to resist the invasion and fled to Burgundy. Later that year Louis issued a charter dated "the first year of the reign in West Francia." .
June 860: However, treachery and desertion in his army, and the continued loyalty of the Aquitanian bishops to Charles the Bald, brought about the failure of the whole enterprise. As such on 7 June 860 at Koblenz, both Louis and Charles made public vows to uphold the peace.
When Frankish King Charles of Provence died, his realm was divided between his two brothers: Lothair received the bishoprics of Lyon, Vienne and Grenoble, Louis II received Arles, Aix and Embrun.
January 863: When Charles died, his elder brother Emperor Louis II also claimed Provence, so the realm was divided between the two: Lothair received the bishoprics of Lyon, Vienne and Grenoble, to be governed by Gerard; Louis II received Arles, Aix and Embrun.
January 863: A part of lotharingia was occupied by italy.
In 864 Louis of East Francia was forced to grant his son Carloman the Kingdom of Bavaria. In 865 he divided the remainder of his lands between his other two sons - Saxony with Franconia and Thuringia went to Louis the Younger and Swabia with Raetia to Charles the Fat.
August 876: Louis of Germany was preparing for a new war when he died on August 28, 876 in Frankfurt. He was buried at the abbey of Lorsch, leaving three sons and three daughters. His sons, unusual for their earlier behaviour, respected the divisions made a decade earlier and each contented himself with his own kingdom.
January 865: In 864 German king Louis was forced to grant Carloman the kingdom of Bavaria, which he himself had once held under his father.
The Treaty of Mersen or Meerssen, concluded on 8 August 870, was a treaty of partition of the realm of Lothair II, known as Lotharingia, by his uncles Louis the German of East Francia and Charles the Bald of West Francia, the two surviving sons of Emperor Louis I the Pious.
August 870: The Treaty of Mersen or Meerssen, concluded on 8 August 870, was a treaty of partition of the realm of Lothair II, known as Lotharingia, by his uncles Louis the German of East Francia and Charles the Bald of West Francia, the two surviving sons of Emperor Louis I the Pious.
In 875, after the death of the Emperor Louis II of Italy, West Frankish King Charles the Bald, who was the uncle of Louis II, succesfully claimed the Italian crown.
December 875: In 875, after the death of the Emperor Louis II (son of his half-brother Lothair), Charles the Bald, supported by Pope John VIII, traveled to Italy, receiving the royal crown at Pavia and the imperial insignia in Rome on 29 December.
The Frankish subking of Bavaria Carloman invaded the Kingdom of Italy, which was under the control of his uncle Charles the Bald.
January 878: Gathered an impressive army, Carloman, in 877, returned to Italy, arrived in Pavia and, feeling threatened, Charles the Bald had to flee to Moriana, where he died (877). Carloman was then crowned king of Italy, but shortly afterwards he was seized by a serious illness and had to return to Bavaria.
When West Frankish Emperor Louis the Stammerer died, Provence seceded.
October 879: In April 879, Louis the Stammerer died, leaving two adult sons, Louis III of France and Carloman II. Boso joined with other western Frankish nobles and advocated making Louis III of France the sole heir of the western kingdom, but eventually both brothers were elected kings. Boso renounced allegiance to the brothers and in July claimed independence by claiming the title Dei gratia id quod sum: by the Grace of God, that is what I am. He also claimed that his imperial father-in-law had named him as his heir. On 15 October 879, the bishops and nobles of the region around the rivers Rhône and Saône assembled in the Synod of Mantaille. They elected Boso King and successor to Louis the Stammerer, the first non-Carolingian king in Western Europe in more than a century.
After the death of West Frankish Emperor Louis the Stammerer In March 880 at Amiens, the Kingdom was divided among his two sons.
March 880: After the death of Louis the stammerer, in March 880, at Amiens, his sons divided the kingdom.
January 880: After the death of Louis the Stammerer (879), Aquitaine and West Francia in general experienced a period of instability during which the outlying regions, such as Catalonia, became de facto independent of central royal authority.
January 880: The County of Ribagorza was originally the independent creation of a local dynasty.
During the sickness of Frankish subking Carloman, who controlled Italy and Bavaria, his brother Louis the younger took over Bavaria preventing Carloman's illegitimate son Arnulph to take over his inheritance.
May 880: During his illness, in 879, when he no longer seemed able to follow state affairs, Carloman assigned Italy to his brother Charles the Fat while the other brother, Ludovico, had the kingdom of Bavaria handed over, which he occupied , taking it away from Carloman's illegitimate son, Arnulf of Carinthia.
After Louis and Carloman divided West Francia after their father's death, the brothers invaded Provence which had seceded.
January 881: After Louis and Carloman divided their father's realm at Amiens in March 880, the two brothers joined to march against Boso. They took Mâcon and the northern parts of Boso's realm. Then uniting their forces with those of Charles the Fat, they unsuccessfully besieged Vienne from August to November.
February 881: After Louis and Carloman divided their father's realm at Amiens in March 880, the two brothers joined to march against Boso. They took Mâcon and the northern parts of Boso's realm. Then uniting their forces with those of Charles the Fat, they unsuccessfully besieged Vienne from August to November.
Louis the Younger invaded West Francia. He reached as far as Verdun, but he retreated after his nephews, the Kings Louis III of France and Carloman of France, gave up their share of Lotharingia to him. .
January 881: Louis the Younger invaded West Francia. He reached as far as Verdun, but he retreated after his nephews, the kings Louis III of France and Carloman of France, gave up their share of Lotharingia to him. Meanwhile, Boso of Provence, a noble of Carolingian descent, proclaimed himself king of Provence. Moreover, the Vikings resumed their attacks. To deal with these threats, the Carolingian kings decided to put aside their differences so as to deal with the threats together. They met at Ribemont. In return for Louis the Younger's neutrality, the kings of France confirmed Louis' possession of the parts of Lotharingia that had been given to him since the Treaty of Meerssen.
After the death of Louis the younger, his surviving brother Charles the Fat reunited East Francia.
January 882: Ludovico died in 882, according to the Annales Fuldenses, following an illness, while the chronicler Reginone, recalling the death of the king of Germany, recalls that during the occupation of the kingdom of Bavaria in 879, his heir of about two years old, also named Ludovico, fell from a window of Reganesbourgh Castle. Ludwig died without legitimate male heirs, so his territories and the royal title of the East Franks passed into the hands of his brother Charles the Fat.
Louis III died on 5 August 882, aged around 17, at Saint-Denis in the centre of his realm. Since he had no children, his brother Carloman II became the sole king of West Francia.
August 882: Louis III was the King of West Francia who died at a young age of around 17 in 882 at Saint-Denis. With no children, his brother Carloman II succeeded him as the sole king of West Francia. This event marked a significant shift in power within the kingdom.
After the death of the Emperor of East Francia, Charles the Fat, who was already Emperor of West Francia, was able to reuinite the whole Frankish Empire. Charles the Fat was the last Carolingian emperor of legitimate birth and the last to rule a united kingdom of the Franks.
December 884: Carloman II died near Les Andelys, while he was hunting, on 12 December 884. Leaving no direct heirs, the Franks reunited and decided to turn to the Emperor, Charles the Fat, who succeeded Carloman both on the throne of Aquitaine and on that of the West Franks.
In late 887, Charles the Fat's nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia revolted and assumed the title of King of the East Franks.
November 887: In late 887, emperor Charles the Fat's nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia revolted and assumed the title as King of the East Franks.
After the Death of Charles the fat, Oddo was proclamated King of West francia.
January 888: In 888 Berengar of Friuli managed to convince a special diet of Counts and Bishops meeting in Pavia, then considered the capital of the Kingdom, to be elected as the successor of Charles the Fat on the Italian throne.
January 888: When Emperor Charles the Fat died in 888, after having been deposed the year before, Rudolf managed to get himself elected king of all Transjurana Burgundy.
January 888: After the Death of Charles the fat Oddo is proclamated King of West francia.
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Independent Lombard Duke Guy III of Spoleto invaded the Kingdom of Italy.
February 889: Guido of Spoleto was victorious against Berengar, receiving the Iron Crown of Italy in Pavia on February 16, 889. However, he failed to definitively defeat Berengar, who remained in possession of the Friuli march and sought an alliance with Arnolfo.
Arnulf of East Francia invaded Italy.
July 894: Invoked by Berengar and by Pope Formosus, in 894 Arnolfo entered Italy and conquered Bergamo, Milan and the capital Pavia, where he made himself recognized as king of Italy, while Guido fled to his possessions. If the conquest had been easy, its maintenance was much less so: Guido was only waiting for Arnulf's withdrawal, the loyalty of the Italian vassals was changeable, and even Berengar, who had been denied the crown, appeared hostile and blocked the Brenner road. traveled on the way. Arnolfo tried to leave Italy for the Bard pass, but he found the road blocked by the forces of Anscario I, Marquis of Ivrea, helped by his enemy Rudolph of Burgundy, and only with great difficulty was he able to leave the country without major losses. Then he tried to attack Rudolph of Burgundy, who avoided fighting by retreating to the mountains. He commissioned his illegitimate son, Sventibaldo, to fight Rodolfo, but to no avail.
October 900: When Arnulph died, the imperial title was once again vacant, so the Marquis of Tuscany Adalbert and Pope Benedict IV proposed the imperial crown to Louis the Blind, King of Provence. The latter went down to Italy, defeated Berengari, had himself elected King of Italy by the Diet of Pavia (900) and had himself crowned Emperor by the Pope (901).
Charles the Simple, the West Frankish Emperor, invaded Lotharingia.
January 899: Charles the Simple, just elected king of the western Franks, in 898, in order to bring the borders of his kingdom up to the left bank of the Rhine, invaded Lotharingia arriving as far as Aachen.
February 899: Zwentibold, king of Lotharingia from 895, forced the forces of West Francia to retire from Aaachen.
After the death of East Frankish Emperor Arnulph of Carinthia, East Francia was partitioned among his heirs.
December 899: After Arnulph's death, Louis of Italy was recognized as King of the Eastern Franks, while his half-brother, Sventibald, who was Arnulph's illegitimate son, became king of Lotharingia.
At the death of Zwentibold, who was king of Lotharingia, his brother Louis the Child inherited the kingdom and reunited East Francia.
August 900: Welthybald died on 13 August 900. Upon his death, his half-brother Ludwig also became king of Lotharingia.
Was a struggle between Louis the Blind, King of Provence, and Berengar I, who was the King of Italy.
July 905: In 902 Berengar strengthened his army with mercenaries of Magyar origin and faced the new Emperor a second time, defeating him and forcing him to return to Provence. In 905 Ludovico went back to Italy, faced Berengario who defeated him a second time and imprisoned him in Verona. Ludovico, accused by the Marquis of perjury and then blinded, had to return to Provence and renounced his imperial and royal titles, leaving the Provençal kingdom in the hands of Hugh. Berengar therefore remained the only king.
Charles the Simple, the West Frankish Emperor, invaded Burgundy.
January 912: In 911, taking advantage of the struggle between the king of the eastern Franks or of Germany, Conrad I of Franconia and that of the western Franks or of France, Charles the Simple, Rudolf took the city of Basel away from Conrad.
Charles the Simple, the West Frankish Emperor, invaded Lotharingia.
January 912: The opportunity was provided by the childless death of the East Frankish King (King of Germany), Ludwig IV, who had succeeded his half-brother Wentibold as King of Lotharingia. Conrad I of Franconia was elected as king of Germany, who did not meet many sympathy among the most influential families of Lotharingia, who in fact already in November had elected their king Charles III, who, having sanctioned peace with the Normans on the western border, was able occupy the kingdom of Lotharingia and settle from 1 January 912.
During the election of the East Frankish Emperor, the King of Burgundy annexed territories in modern-day Switzerland.
January 920: In 919, after the death of Conrad I of Germany, the Magyars raided Saxony, Lotharingia and West France.
The King of Burgundy invaded the Kingdom of Italy.
March 922: The period of peace ended in 922, when there was a conspiracy of the greats of the kingdom, including the Marquis of Ivrea, aimed at bringing the King of Burgundy Rudolph to the Italian throne. He went down to Italy, had himself elected King in Pavia and faced Berengario's army at Fiorenzuola d'Arda (or at Fidenza). Berengario was defeated (he miraculously escaped death, hidden under a shield covered with corpses) and had to acknowledge his adversary's royal title. He returned to Verona, brooding his revenge. The opportunity was offered to him when Rodolfo had to return to Burgundy to stop the designs of Duke Burcardo of Swabia on his possessions. He launched a mercenary army of 5,000 Hungarians towards Pavia, who besieged the city. Just during the siege, the launch of flaming projectiles unleashed a fire that completely destroyed the eastern part of the city (the Faramannia), including the Palazzo Regio, and part of the western one; caught between the fire and the pagans, the Pavesi paid an immense price in human lives. The fire of Pavia represented a horrible chapter in the history of those years, and from the outset the responsibility for the events was attributed to Berengario, who had unleashed the Hungarians against the population of the kingdom: for this reason some Veronesi, led by the sculdascio Flamberto, planned a plot against Berengario, who was killed in Verona in 924, pierced from behind while praying during mass.
Robert I revolted against West Frankish Emperor Charles the simple and was able to be elected King of West Francia.
June 922: The new rebellion led to the deposition of Charles III; in fact Roberto was acclaimed king on 22 June 922 and on 30 June, according to the chronicler Flodoardo, he was crowned king in Reims. Charles took refuge in Lotharingia.
Henry the Fowler, King of East Francia, invaded Lotharingia, part of West Francia at the time.
October 929: Henry I after Charles had been imprisoned, re-annexed Lotharingia.
Henry the Fowler, King of East Francia, invaded the territories between the rivers Eider and Schlei.
January 935: The King of East Francia Henry the Fowler attacked the Danes 934 and conquered the territories between the rivers Eider and Schlei.
East Frankish King Otto I annexed the Kingdom of Italy.
December 961: Subsequently, Berengario implemented an aggressive policy towards the Papacy which prompted John XII to ask Otto to go down to Italy. In 961 the king of Germany arrived in Italy for the second time. Berengario's troops refused to fight, forcing father and son to barricade themselves at the fortress of San Leo. Otto formally deposed them from the royal title and had himself crowned Emperor by John XII.
East Frankish King Otto I was crowned first Holy Roman Emperor.
February 962: The Frisian freedom (German: Friesische Freiheit) was period of absence of feudalism in Frisia during the Middle Ages.
February 962: In 958, the Landgraviate of Nellenburg was first mentioned as a branch of the Eberhardinger family.
February 962: Swabia was one of the Stem Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire.
February 962: Otto I, King of Germany, was crowned emperor by Pope John XII.
February 962: Trier Archbishopric gains imperial immediacy.
February 962: Saxony was one of the Stem Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire.
February 962: In 962, Otto was crowned Emperor by Pope John XII, thus intertwining the affairs of the German kingdom with those of Italy and the Papacy. Otto's coronation as Emperor marked the German kings as successors to the Empire of Charlemagne, which through the concept of translatio imperii, also made them consider themselves as successors to Ancient Rome.
February 962: Essen Abbey gains imperial immediacy.
February 962: The Werden Abbey becomes a territory with imperial immediacy.
February 962: Aimone is the first independent Count-Bishop of Belluno.
February 962: Eichstädt Prince-Bishopric gains imperial immediacy.
February 962: The Contado (County) of Bormio maintained its independence for about three centuries from the X to XIII centuries.
February 962: Otto I, also known as Otto the Great, was the King of Germany and was crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope John XII in Rome in the year 962. This event marked the beginning of the Ottonian dynasty and solidified Otto's power in the region.
February 962: Establishment of the Freising Prince-Bishopric.
February 962: 780: Archbishopric.
February 962: Genf County was established in the IX Century.
February 962: Despite the attempts to acquire the power of the bishops of Como and of the bishopric of Coira, the Contado maintained its independence for about three centuries from the X to XIII, when it came under the control of Como.
February 962: Sulz County is mentioned for the first time in 961.
February 962: Montfort County is mentioned for the first time in 961.
February 962: Rappoltstein Lordship is mentioned for the first time in 961.
February 962: The St. Blasien Abbey originated in the 10th Century.
February 962: Cochem was an imperial estate.
February 962: Establishment of the Verdun Prince-Bishopric.
February 962: The county district of the Counts of Dillingen arose at the latest in the second half of the 8th century and encompassed roughly the stretch of land between the foothills of the Jura and the Danube, perhaps with partial inclusion of the southern bank of the Danube.
February 962: The county of Viviers with the main town of Viviers on the Rhône already existed in Carolingian times.
February 962: The Stablo-Malmedy Imperial Abbey existed since its establishment by Remaclus in 648 AD.
February 962: The Billung March was formed in 936, when Otto II, Duke of Saxony and King of East Francia, made Hermann Billung princeps militiae (margrave, literally "prince of the militia"), granting him control of the border with rule over the West Slavic Obotrite tribes, including the Polabians, Warnabi and Wagri, as well as the Redarii, Circipani, and Kissini tribes of the Veleti confederation, and the Danes, who had repeatedly campaigned the territory.
February 962: The county was divided in 958 and emerged in its more or less final form in 1071.
February 962: The Principality of Hungary or Duchy of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Nagyfejedelemség: "Hungarian Grand Principality") was the earliest documented Hungarian state in the Carpathian Basin, established 895 or 896, following the 9th century Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin.
February 962: It was created probably for Thietmar (in the 920s).
February 962: Disentis Imperial Monastery gains imperial immediacy.
February 962: In the mid-9th century, the Kornelimünster monastery became an Imperial abbey ("Reichsunmittelbar") and received large endowments of land.
February 962: Tirol County originated in the 10th Century.
February 962: Foundation of the Bishopric of Ceneda.
February 962: Territorial change based on data about the borders of Denmark in 962.
February 962: Franconia was one of the Stem Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire.
February 962: Territorial change based on data about the borders of Hungary in 962.
February 962: Territorial change based on data about the borders of the Bulgaria in 962.
February 962: The Duchy of Merania was a fiefdom of the Holy Roman Empire. The dukes of Merania were recognised as princes of the Empire enjoying imperial immediacy.
January 963: The Duchy of Bohemia became a State of the Holy Roman Empire.
February 962: Duisburg is declared a Free Imperial City.
February 962: Upper Lotharingia was one of the Stem Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire.
February 962: The territory of Thuringia was ruled by the Landgraves of Thuringia as Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
February 962: 798: Raised to Archbishopric.
February 962: Territorial change based on data about the borders of the tribes of Prussia in 962.
February 962: The Duchy of Bavaria was one of the Stem Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire.
February 962: Count Aubry of Mâcon bought the Lordship of Salins in 942, whose importance at the time was based primarily on its convenient location between France, Germany and Italy.
February 962: In the 9th century, the Säckingen monastery received extensive property in Glarner Land.
February 962: The Duchy of Brittany (Breton: Dugelezh Breizh, French: Duché de Bretagne) was a medieval feudal state that existed between approximately 939.
February 962: Territorial change based on data about the borders of Croatia in 962.
February 962: Glarus (Canton). The originally Rhaetian Talder Linth, populated by Alemannic since the 6th century, probably came to the monastery of Säckingen in the 9th century, whose patron saint, Saint Fridolin, is said to have Christianized it.
February 962: The first member of the family to boast the title of count was instead Hildebrand II.
February 962: Foundation of the Ceccano County.
February 962: 910: Fief of Bishop of Liège.
February 962: Bouillon County is mentioned for the first time in 961.
February 962: The monastery was founded in the village of Andage in 687 by Pepin of Herstal and his wife, Plectrude, for the monk Bergis. It was dedicated to St Peter.
February 962: 8th Century: Imperial immediacy of Weissenburg Abbey.
February 962: Moempelgard County is mentioned for the first time in 961.
February 962: Territorial change based on data about the borders of the tribes of Lithuania in 962.
February 962: Territorial change based on data about the borders of the Rani Tribes in 962.
Selected Sources
De La Blanche, P. (1894): Atlas général d'histoire et géographie, Armand Colin & Cie, Editeurs, p.21
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany)
Grégoire de Tours, Histoire, livre IV, 19, 21, 54.
Middleton, J. (2015): World Monarchies and Dynasties Vol.1-3, Routledge, p.195
Frankish Partitions
