Han-Xiongnu War
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Was a series of military battles fought between the Han Empire and the nomadic Xiongnu confederation.
Chronology
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January 125 BC: End of Xiongnu raid in Dai.
February 125 BC: General Wei Qing advanced from Gaoque into Mongolia with 30,000 men and inflicted defeat to the Xiongnu forces of the Tuqi King and captured 15,000 men along with 10 tribal chiefs.
February 71 BC: In 72 BC, the joint forces of the Wusun and Han invaded the territory of the Luli King of the Right. Around 40,000 Xiongnu people and many of their livestock were captured before their city was sacked after the battle.
January 59 BC: From roughly 115 to 60 BC, Han forces fought the Xiongnu over control of the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin. Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC.
January 110 BC: In 111 BC, the Han Dynasty, led by Emperor Wu, successfully defended the Hexi Corridor from a large invasion force consisting of Qiang and Xiongnu warriors. This victory helped maintain Han control over the strategic corridor and prevented incursions into Chinese territory.
January 127 BC: In 128 BC, General Wei Qing, a prominent military leader of the Han Dynasty, led 30,000 men to battle against the Xiongnu tribes in the regions north of Yanmen. The Han Dynasty emerged victorious, expanding their territory and solidifying their power in the region.
February 127 BC: In -127 BC, following the victory at Yanmen, General Wei Qing of the Han Dynasty expanded the territory by conquering regions north of Yanmen from the Xiongnu Confederation. This military success solidified Wei Qing's reputation as a skilled military leader.
January 126 BC: General Wei Qing captured the Ordos Desert region from the Xiongnu in 127 BC.
December 126 BC: In the autumn of 126 BC, the Xiongnu raided Dai.
January 125 BC: In 126 BC, the Xiongnu Confederation, led by the powerful leader Modu Chanyu, dispatched three separate forces of 30,000 soldiers each to launch raids on the territories of Dai, Dinxiang, and Shang. This military campaign was part of the Xiongnu's expansionist efforts in the region.
January 125 BC: In -126, General Wei Qing of the Han Dynasty led 30,000 men into Mongolia, defeating the Xiongnu forces of the Tuqi King. They captured 15,000 men and 10 tribal chiefs in the battle.
January 125 BC: In 126 BC, the Chinese envoy, Zhang Qian described Loulan as a fortified city near Lop Nur.
January 125 BC: Establishment of Karashr (Karaxhr).
February 125 BC: In 126 BC, the Xiongnu, a nomadic confederation from Central Asia, sent three forces of 30,000 troops each to raid the territories of Dai, Dinxiang, and Shang. The Han Dynasty, led by Emperor Wu, eventually defeated the Xiongnu and expanded their territory.
January 123 BC: The Han court, led by Emperor Wu of Han, sent expeditions into Mongolia in 124 BC with over 100,000 troops. This was part of their efforts to expand their territory and establish control over the region, ultimately leading to the incorporation of Mongolia into the Han Dynasty.
February 122 BC: During the spring of 123 BC, General Wei Qing, a prominent military leader of the Han Dynasty, led an army to Mongolia to launch an offensive against the Xiongnu Confederation, a powerful nomadic empire that posed a threat to Han China's northern borders.
January 119 BC: The earliest mention of the Shule is around 120 BC, by Western Han Chinese when they were exploring their borders.
January 118 BC: In 119 BC the Han attacked the heart of Xiongnu territory.
January 118 BC: The Battle of Mobei in 119 BC was a military conflict between the Han Dynasty of China and the Xiongnu nomadic empire. The Han forces, led by General Wei Qing and his nephew Huo Qubing, invaded the northern regions of the Gobi Desert in present-day Orkhon Valley.
February 118 BC: The Battle of Mobei in 119 BC was a significant military conflict between the Han Dynasty of China and the Xiongnu Confederation in the northern regions of the Gobi Desert. The Han forces were led by Emperor Wu of Han, while the Xiongnu were under the leadership of their chanyu, Laoshang.
February 110 BC: In -110 BC, the Han Dynasty successfully defended the Hexi Corridor from a large Qiang-Xiongnu allied force. This victory was a significant achievement for the Han Dynasty, led by Emperor Wu, in maintaining control over the strategic corridor in northwest China.
January 107 BC: The Han submitted the king of Loulan.
January 100 BC: The Han empire, under the rule of Emperor Wu, expanded its territory by bringing the states of Loulan, Jushi, Luntai, Dayuan, and Kangju into tributary submission between 108 and 101 BC. This expansion helped solidify Han Dynasty's power and influence in the region.
January 100 BC: The refusal of the Dayuan kingdom, a nation centered in Ferghana, to provide the Han empire with the horses and the execution of a Han envoy led to conflict. The Han forces brought Dayuan into submission in 101 BC.
January 99 BC: The various states of the "Western Regions", including Karasahr, were controlled by the nomadic Xiongnu, but later came under the influence of the Han dynasty, following a Han show of force against Dayuan (Fergana) in the late 2nd century BC.
January 71 BC: In 72 BC, the joint forces of the Wusun and Han invaded the territory of the Luli King of the Right. Around 40,000 Xiongnu people and many of their livestock were captured before their city was sacked after the battle.
January 59 BC: In or about 60 BC, the Han—ruled at the time by Emperor Xuan—defeated Xiongnu forces at the Battle of Jushi, during the Han-Xiongnu War. Afterwards the main part of the Jushi lands was divided into two states.
January 35 BC: After Zhizhi Chanyu (r. 56-36 BC) had inflicted serious losses against his rival Huhanye Chanyu (r. 58-31 BC), Huhanye and his supporters debated whether to request military protection and become a Han vassal. In 53 BC, Huhanye decided to do so and surrendered to the reign of the Han empire. The Han forces besieged and defeated the forces of Zhizhi Chanyu, and afterwards beheaded him.
January 26: During the winter 10 to 11 AD, Han official Wang Mang amassed 300,000 troops along the northern frontier, which forced the Xiongnu to launch a large-scale attack in the Tarim Basin.
February 26: The Xiongnu forces left the Tarim Basin after a raid against Han official Wang Mang.
January 49: The Xiongnu confederation fell apart in the Northern Xiongnu and Southern Xiongnu.
January 49: Eight tribes of the Ordos region rebelled under their leader Khukhenye (also known as Pi) against Pu-nu of Southern Xiongnu and submitted to the Emperor of China.
January 51: The Han took control of the Southern Xiongnu under Bi.
January 64: China lost control over the Tarim Basin, which was conquered by the Northern Xiongnu in AD 63.
January 64: Xiongnu's occupation of the Hexi Corridor in Gansu.
January 74: The Han campaigns were military expeditions led by the Han dynasty of China against the Xiongnu nomadic empire. The Northern Xiongnu, led by Chanyu, retreated to Dzungaria, a region in Central Asia, after facing defeat in 73 AD.
February 35 BC: After Zhizhi Chanyu (r. 56-36 BC) had inflicted serious losses against his rival Huhanye Chanyu (r. 58-31 BC), Huhanye and his supporters debated whether to request military protection and become a Han vassal. In 53 BC, Huhanye decided to do so and surrendered to the reign of the Han empire. The Han forces besieged and defeated the forces of Zhizhi Chanyu, and afterwards beheaded him.
January 122 BC: During the spring of 123 BC, General Wei Qing, a prominent military leader of the Han Dynasty, led an army to Mongolia to launch an offensive against the Xiongnu, a nomadic confederation that posed a threat to the Han Dynasty's northern borders.
January 100 BC: The Han empire brought the state of Kangju into tributary submission between 108 and 101 BC.
February 123 BC: The Han court, led by Emperor Wu of Han, sent expeditions into Mongolia in 124 BC to confront the Xiongnu Confederation. The Xiongnu were a powerful nomadic group that posed a threat to Han territory in northern China. The Han military campaigns aimed to assert control over the region and protect their borders.
January 126 BC: In 127 BC the Xiongnu invaded Liaoxi, killing its governor.
January 107 BC: General Zhao Ponu was sent on an expedition in 108 BC to conquer Jushi, a critical economic and military stronghold of the Xiongnu in the Western Regions.
January 120 BC: Chinese general Huo Qubing expelled the Xiongnu from the Qilian Mountains in 121 BC.
January 80 BC: Around 80 BC, the Xiongnu attacked the Wusun in a punitive campaign and soon the Wusun monarch requested military support from the Han empire.
January 60 BC: After Xulüquanqu Chanyu's death in 60 BC, a Xiongnu civil war broke loose in 57 BC over the succession, which fully fragmented the Xiongnu confederation with many contenders. In the end, only Zhizhi Chanyu and Huhanye Chanyu survived the struggle to power.
Xiongnu invaded what is now Shanxi province, where they defeated the Han forces at Baideng in 200 BC.
January 199 BC: Xiongnu invaded what is now Shanxi province, where they defeated the Han forces at Baideng in 200 BC.
February 199 BC: Xiongnu invaded what is now Shanxi province, where they defeated the Han forces at Baideng in 200 BC.
In 73 AD, Han General Dou Gu and his army departed from Jiuquan and advanced towards the Northern Xiongnu, defeating the Northern Xiongnu and pursuing them as far as Lake Barkol.
January 74: In 73 AD, General Dou Gu and his army departed from Jiuquan and advanced towards the Northern Xiongnu, defeating the Northern Xiongnu and pursuing them as far as Lake Barkol before establishing a garrison at Hami.
In 89 AD, General Dou Xian led a Han expedition against the Northern Xiongnu. The Han victory in the campaign resulted in the destruction of the Xiongnu state.
July 89: In 89 AD, General Dou Xian, a prominent military leader of the Han Dynasty, led an expedition against the Northern Xiongnu in Kumul/Hami (Xinjiang). The successful campaign resulted in the destruction of the Xiongnu state, solidifying Han control in the region.
