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Video Summary

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Name: Hunnic Wars

Type: Event

Start: 375 AD

End: 470 AD

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Icon Hunnic Wars

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Were a series of conflicts that saw the Huns, an invading tribe probably from Central Asia, fighting against the Romans as well as the Germanic tribes of Europe.

Chronology


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1. Hunnic Invasion of Europe


The Huns invaded Europe starting with the Ukrainian Steppe.

  • January 375: The Huns arrived in Europe in the late 4th-early 5th century, driven out of China by the advanced Chinese-developed weapons and defense structures, such as new uses for explosives, more accurate catapults, and the bronze crossbow and bow. The descent of the nomadic hordes of the Huns on the plains of Ukraine and Belarus occurred between 374 and 376.

  • 1.1.The Kingdom of the Goths is absorbed by the Huns

    The Huns invaded and annexed the Kingdom of the Goths.

  • January 377: The Huns expelled the Goth from eastern Europe and expanded between the Danube and the Black Sea.

  • 1.2.Thuringia is conquered by the Huns

    The Huns conquered the territories occupied by the Thuringians.

  • January 401: After the death of King Gunther, the Thuringians were conquered by the Huns under the leadership of Attila the Hun in 400 AD. This marked the beginning of Hunnic rule over the Thuringian territories in present-day Germany.

  • 2. Hunnic Expansion


    Were the expansion wars of the Huns, who established a vast, but short-lived, dominion in Europe.

  • January 433: The king of the Huns Rugila greatly expanded the Hunnic Empore. The Huns achieved supremacy over their rivals, many of them highly civilized, thanks to their military prowess, mobility and weapons such as the Hunnic bow.

  • 2.1.Cession of Pannonia and Valeria to the Huns

    In exchange of military help, the Romans ceded Pannonia and Valeria to the Huns.

  • January 436: Aware that to face such threats he needed external help, Aetius turned to the Huns, who had already helped him in the struggles for power in 425 and 433 and who continued to provide him with military aid in Gaul: to obtain their support, However, Aetius had to cede Pannonia and Valeria to them around 435.

  • 3. Hunnic Invasion of the Balkans


    Was a Hunnic invasion of the Balkan Peninsula, at the time part of the Eastern Roman Empire.

  • June 442: The Huns, led by Attila, crossed the Danube in force and took possession of Viminacium, Margus and Naissus, as well as Sirmium, Singidunum, Serdica, and many others not mentioned by the historians of the time, greatly alarmed Theodosius II who, fearing that the Huns might even conquer Constantinople, recalled the fleet that was to attack the Vandals in the East.

  • 4. Hunnic Invasion of the Eastern Roman Empire


    Invasion of the Eastern Roman Empire by the Huns under king Attila.

  • January 448: In 447, faced with Theodosius' refusal to pay him tribute, Attila invaded the Eastern Empire again, devastating a large part of the Illyrian territories between the Black and Mediterranean seas and inflicting two serious defeats on two Roman field armies - oriental.
  • January 448: Theodosius was forced to evacuate a strip of territory south of the Danube five days' journey wide and to pay the Huns an annual tribute of 2,100 pounds of gold.
  • February 448: In 447, faced with Theodosius' refusal to pay him tribute, Attila invaded the Eastern Empire again, devastating a large part of the Illyrian territories between the Black and Mediterranean seas and inflicting two serious defeats on two Roman field armies - oriental.

  • 4.1.Battle of the Utus

    The Battle of Utus was fought in 447 between the army of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Huns led by Attila. The Hunnic victory brought Attila to the gates of Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.

  • January 448: The Battle of Utus was fought in 447 between the army of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Huns led by Attila. The Hunnic victory brought Attila to the gates of Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
  • February 448: The Battle of Utus was fought in 447 between the army of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Huns led by Attila. The Hunnic victory brought Attila to the gates of Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.

  • 5. Hunnic Invasion of Gallia


    Invasion of Gaul by the Huns under king Attila.

  • January 452: Honoria, the sister of Roman Emperor Valentinian III, sent a plea for help to Attila, King of the Huns, along with her ring. Attila interpreted this as an offer of marriage, and he claimed half of the Western Roman Empire as her dowry. Subsequently, the Huns invaded northern Gaul, where they occupied several major European cities, including Reims, Strasbourg, Trier, and Cologne.
  • February 452: Attila was defeated by Roman General Flavius Aetius in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains. The Huns left the Roman territories they had occupied in Gaul and central Europe.

  • 6. Hunnic Invasion of Italy


    Invasion of the the Italian Peninsula by the Huns under king Attila.

  • January 453: In 452, Attila, still under the effects of the heavy defeat, but in no way subdued, invaded Italy, perhaps to still claim the wedding with Honoria, sacking and destroying Aquileia, Milan and other cities. However, his army was decimated by hunger and disease, while the Po Valley, devastated, was unable to support the barbarian horde. Furthermore, the Eastern Empire had sent military aid to Aetius against the Huns. Attila, in turn debilitated and fearing the arrival of aid from the Eastern Empire, accepted the truce proposed to him by an embassy of Valentinian III.
  • February 453: In 452, Attila, still under the effects of the heavy defeat, but in no way subdued, invaded Italy, perhaps to still claim the wedding with Honoria, sacking and destroying Aquileia, Milan and other cities. However, his army was decimated by hunger and disease, while the Po Valley, devastated, was unable to support the barbarian horde. Furthermore, the Eastern Empire had sent military aid to Aetius against the Huns. Attila, in turn debilitated and fearing the arrival of aid from the Eastern Empire, accepted the truce proposed to him by an embassy of Valentinian III.

  • 7. Germanic-Hunnic Wars


    Was the conflict between the Germanic Tribes of central and eastern Europe against the Huns.

    7.1.Battle of Nedao

    The Battle of Nedao was a battle fought in Pannonia in 454 CE between the Huns and their former Germanic vassals. It was decisive Germanic victory.

  • January 455: The Battle of Nedao in 454 CE was fought between the Huns, led by Attila's nephews, and their former Germanic vassals, led by Ardaric of the Gepids. The decisive victory of the Germanic tribes marked the end of the Hunnic Empire in Pannonia.
  • January 455: The Battle of Nedao in 454 CE marked the end of the Hunnic Empire as the Germanic vassals, led by Ardaric of the Gepids, decisively defeated the Huns under Attila's sons, Ellac and Dengizich. This led to the fragmentation of the Hunnic Empire and the territory of Pannonia falling under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire.
  • January 455: Hunimund fought with Ardaric against the Huns at the Battle of Nedao in 454. Afterwards Hunimund founded a small and short-lived kingdom in the old settlement area of the Marcomanni and the Quadi.
  • January 455: After the death of Attila, the Scirii, Heruli, Rugii and others joined Ardaric of the Gepids in a revolt against the Huns, winning a major victory at the Battle of Nedao in 454 AD. In the aftermath, Edeko established a Scirian kingdom in the Middle Alföld between the Middle Danube and the Tisza rivers.
  • January 455: After the collapse of the Hun Empire in 454, many Ostrogoths were moved by the emperor Marcian to Pannonia as foederati.
  • January 455: After the Battle of Nedao, the Hunnic Empire disintegrated and the Gepids became the dominant power in the eastern regions of the Carpathian Basin. According to Jordanes, the Gepids "by their own might won for themselves the territory of the Huns and ruled as victors over the extent of all Dacia, demanding of the Roman Empire nothing more than peace and an annual gift" after their victory.
  • January 455: After the death of Attila his sons and their Ostrogoth allies lost power over the various peoples of his empire at the Battle of Nedao in 454. The Herul kingdom, apparently under a king named Rodulph, was established north of modern Vienna and Bratislava, near the Morava river, and possibly extending as far east as the Little Carpathians.
  • January 455: The Battle of Nedao was a battle fought in Pannonia in 454 between Huns and their former vassals. Nedao is believed to be a tributary of Sava river. Hunnic dominance in Central and Eastern Europe was broken as a result of the battle.

  • 8. Huns defeated by the Saragurs


    In 463, the Saragurs (an Eurasian Turkic nomadic tribe) defeated the Huns and asserted dominance in the Pontic region.

  • January 464: At the same time, the Huns were also dealing with the arrival of more Oghur Turkic-speaking peoples from the East, including the Oghurs, Saragurs, Onogurs, and the Sabirs. In 463, the Saragurs defeated the Akatziri, or Akatir Huns, and asserted dominance in the Pontic region.

  • 9. Defeat of the Huns


    The Huns, reorganized under Dengizich, attacked the Eastern Roman Empire and were decisively defeated in 469. After that point, Huns cease to exist in European history.

  • January 470: The Huns, reorganized under Dengizich, moved to the east where they attacked the Eastern Roman Empire and were decisively defeated in 469. After that point, Huns cease to exist in European history.

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