Jurchen campaigns against the Song Dynasty
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Were a series of conflicts between the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115-1234) and the Han-led Song dynasty (960-1279).
Chronology
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September 1123: One month after the Song had recovered Yanjing, Zhang Jue, who had served as military governor of the Liao prefecture of Pingzhou about 200 kilometres east of Yanjing, killed the main Jin official in that city and turned it over to the Song.
December 1123: The Jurchens defeated the armies of Zhang Jue and took Pingzhou.
In 1114 the chieftain Wanyan Aguda (1068-1123) united the Jurchen tribes and led a revolt against the Liao. .
February 1122: Jin captured the Liao Central Capital as promised.
January 1116: The Jin dynasty was created in modern Jilin and Heilongjiang by the Jurchen tribal chieftain Aguda in 1115.
April 1123: urchen forces that easily took the Liao Southern Capital.
June 1123: The Song tried to help the Jin but had several military failures. They wanted the sixteen prefectures that they had ceded to the Liao in the past but the Jin due to the "poor support" gave them only a part of it. In the spring of 1123 the two sides finally set the terms of the first Song-Jin treaty. Only seven prefectures (including Yanjing) would be returned to the Song.
Was a military campaign by the Jin Dynasty against the Song Dynasty.
January 1126: Jin armies besieged the city of Taiyuan in mid January 1126.
January 1126: The Jurchen forces reached the Yellow River.
January 1126: Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was besiegedby the Jin dynasty.
March 1126: The Song recognized Jin control over three prefectures. The Jurchen army ended the siege of Kaifeng in March after 33 days.
March 1126: The Song recognized Jin control over three prefectures. The Jurchen army ended the siege of Kaifeng in March after 33 days. The prefectures of Hejian, Taiyuan, and Zhongshan and the sixteen prefectures went to the Jurchen, all the other occupied regions remained to the Song
October 1126: Taiyuan fell in September 1126, after 260 days of siege by the Jin dynasty.
December 1125: Zongwang (Jin Dynasty) took Yanjing, where Song general and former Liao governor Guo Yaoshi switched his allegiances to the Jin.
March 1126: Almost as soon as the Jin armies had left Kaifeng, Emperor Qinzong reneged on the deal and dispatched two armies to repel the Jurchen troops attacking Taiyuan and bolster the defenses of Zhongshan and Hejian.
January 1126: By the end of December 1125, the Jin army had seized control of two prefectures and re-established Jurchen rule over the Sixteen Prefectures.
Was a military campaign by the Jin Dynasty against the Song Dynasty.
December 1126: The Jin assaulted Kaifeng in mid-December 1126.
January 1127: The Song emperor offered his unconditional surrender to the Jurchen, who occupied the northern areas of Song.
Was a military campaign by the Jin Dynasty against the Song Dynasty.
October 1127: The Song emperor offered his unconditional surrender to the Jurchen, who occupied the northern areas of Song. In 1127, the Jurchens installed a former Song official, Zhang Bangchang, as puppet emperor of the newly established "Da Chu" (Great Chu) dynasty.
November 1127: After reigning for barely one month in Da Chu, Zhang Bangchang was persuaded by the Song to step down as emperor of the Great Chu and to recognize the legitimacy of the Song imperial line.
January 1130: The Song disbandment of the Great Chu and execution of Zhang Bangchang antagonized the Jurchens and violated the treaty that the two parties had negotiated. The Jin renewed their attacks on the Song and quickly reconquered much of northern China.
January 1130: On the eastern front, Wuzhu commanded the main Jin army. He crossed the Yangtze southwest of Jiankang and took that city when Du Chong surrendered.
April 1130: The Jin captured Kaifeng in early 1130.
November 1130: Reluctant to let the war drag on, the Jin decided to create Da Qi (the "Great Qi"), their second attempt at a puppet state in northern China. Da Qi was formed late in 1130, and the Jin enthroned Liu as its emperor.
February 1131: Wuzhu's troops came back south of the Yangtze one last time to Jiankang, which they pillaged, and then headed north. Yet the Jin had been caught off guard by the strength of the Song navy, and Wuzhu never tried to cross the Yangtze River again.
December 1133: With Jin support, Da Qi invaded the Song in November 1133. Xiangyang and nearby prefectures were defeated by his army.
January 1135: In 1134, Yue Fei defeated Li and retook Xiangyang and its surrounding prefectures.
January 1136: With the death of Jin Emperor Taizong, the Song reconquered the Huai valley.
April 1140: An invading Jurchen army led by Wizhu retreated Kaifeng, allowing Song forces to take Zhengzhou and Luoyang.
January 1141: In 1140, Song general Yue was forced to withdraw from Zhengzhou and Luoyang after the emperor ordered him to return to the Song court.
January 1141: Song forces recaptured Zhengzhou and Luoyang.
July 1140: On July 8, 1140, at the Battle of Yancheng, Wuzhu launched a surprise attack on Song forces with an army of 100,000 infantry and 15,000 horsemen. Yue Fei directed his cavalry to attack the Jurchen soldiers and won a decisive victory.
February 1130: Shaoxing conquered by Jin dynasty (1115-1234).
January 1135: The armies of Qi and Jin won a series of victories in the Huai valley, but were repelled by Han Shizhong near Yangzhou and by Yue Fei at Luzhou.
January 1131: Wuzhu's troops came back south of the Yangtze one last time to Jiankang, which they pillaged, and then headed north. Yet the Jin had been caught off guard by the strength of the Song navy, and Wuzhu never tried to cross the Yangtze River again.
November 1130: Reluctant to let the war drag on, the Jin decided to create Da Qi (the "Great Qi"), their second attempt at a puppet state in northern China. Da Qi was formed late in 1130, and the Jin enthroned Liu as its emperor. Some territories in northern Song were evacuated by the Jin.
November 1137: In late 1137, the Jin reduced Liu Yu's title to that of a prince and abolished the state of Qi.
January 1130: In December 1129, the Jin started a new military offensive, dispatching two armies across the Huai River in the east and west. On the western front, an army invaded Jiangxi, the area where the Song dowager empress resided, and captured Hongzhou.
January 1130: The Jin seized Hangzhou.
Was the agreement that ended the military conflicts between the Jin dynasty and the Southern Song dynasty.
October 1142: On October 11, 1142, after about a year of negotiations, the Treaty of Shaoxing was ratified, ending the conflict between the Jin and the Song. By the terms of the treaty, the Huai River, north of the Yangtze, was designated as the boundary between the two states.
Was a military invasion of the Song Dynasty by the Jurchen ruler of the Jin Dynasty Wanyan Liang.
January 1163: On December 15, Wanyan Liang was assassinated in his military camp by disaffected officers. He was succeeded by Emperor Shizong (r. 1161-1189). Shizong was pressured into ending the unpopular war with the Song, and ordered the withdrawal of Jin forces in 1162.
November 1161: Wanyan Liang, emperor of the Jin Dynasty, began the invasion of Song in 1161 without formally declaring war. The Song lost the Huai to the Jurchens.
November 1161: A few Jin prefectures in the west were captured by the Song Dynasty.
Was an unsuccesful military invasion of the Jin Dynasty by the Song Dynasty.
September 1206: The Jin repelled the Song in Sizhou 泗州 (on the north bank of the Huai River across from modern Xuyi County).
December 1206: The Jin initiated an offensive against Song prefectures in the central front of the war, capturing Zaoyang and Guanghua (on the Han River near modern Laohekou).
November 1208: In 1208, the peace treaty was signed between the Jin Dynasty and the Song Dynasty in China. The treaty was signed after both sides agreed to return to the status quo ante bellum, ending the conflict between the two dynasties.
