Operation Achse

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German operation to forcibly disarm the Italian armed forces after Italy's armistice with the Allies on 3 September 1943.

Chronology

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September 1943: The army headquarters in Potenza was attacked by surprise and conquered by the Germans.

September 1943: The Italian departments rapidly disintegrated in Trentino-Alto Adige, despite the construction of the Alpine Wall in Alto Adige: by 9 September the two Alpine divisions of the 35th Army Corps of General Alessandro Gloria were immediately attacked and disarmed by the Germans.

September 1943: After the armistice of italy, Germany occupied most of the country, including Rome.

September 1943: Leghorn (Italian: Livorno) was occupied on 10 September by German forces.

September 1943: In Liguria, by 11 September, German troops of the 87th Army Corps (76th and 94th Infantry Division) and the 51st Army Corps (65th and 305th Infantry Division) occupied all positions.

September 1943: German Army Group B occupied all of central-northern Italy.

September 1943: General Chiappa Armellini let the Germans enter Florence, Colonel Chiari in Arezzo, Colonel Laurei in Massa, and they yielded to the ex-allies without putting up any resistance.

September 1943: Corfu Surrenders to German force that has recently landed there.

September 1943: In Piedmont the Germans quickly neutralized the Italian units present.

September 1943: In Crete the Italians were neutralized and disarmed by the German forces present on the island.

September 1943: After a series of very bitter clashes, the Germans went on the offensive on 21st September and forced the Italians of Cefalonia to surrender at 11:00 on 22nd September.

September 1943: In central Italy north of Rome, the Italian 5th Army under the command of General Mario Caracciolo di Feroleto, based in Orte, disbanded on 11 September, the soldiers were disarmed and interned by the Germans.

September 1943: Between Emilia and lower Lombardy, the units of the 1. SS-Panzer-Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler moved at midnight on 8 September towards the cities of Parma, Cremona, Reggio Emilia, Piacenza, Modena, where they easily overcame the sporadic resistance of some Italian departments.