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Were a series of Wars between the Teutonic Order and the Kingdom of Poland. .
Chronology
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After disputes over the control of the city between the Order and the King of Poland arose, the knights murdered a number of citizens within the city and took it as their own.
January 1307: Local Nobles of Pomerelia called for Margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg, whose troops occupied the territory up to the city of Gdańsk.
November 1308: The takeover of Danzig by the Teutonic Order on November 13, 1308 was an important event in the history of the city of Danzig, as a result of which the city and part of Pomerelia were incorporated into the Order State.
Was a war between the Kingdom of Poland and the State of the Teutonic Order over Pomerelia.
January 1327: In 1326, King Władysław I of Poland, with support from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led forces to devastate the Neumark region.
January 1327: King John the Blind of Luxembourg marched against Kraków.
January 1327: The Bohemian king, at the time the head of the Luxembourg Dynasty, vassalized many of the Duchies of Silesia.
January 1327: In 1326, the Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Werner von Orseln, pillaged and conquered the Polish Kuyavian region and the Dobrzyń Land.
January 1327: In 1326, the Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Werner von Orseln, pillaged and conquered the Polish Kuyavian region and the Dobrzyń Land. This marked a significant expansion of the Teutonic Knights' territory in Eastern Europe.
January 1327: King Władysław I of Poland received assistance from Grand Duke Gediminas of Lithuania and King Charles I of Hungary. Together, they launched a successful campaign against the Teutonic Order, pillaging the Kulmerland of Teutonic Prussia up to the Osa River near Grudziądz in 1326.
February 1327: End of Polish raid in Neumark.
February 1327: King John the Blind of Luxembourg and Bohemia marched against Kraków.
February 1327: In 1327, King Władysław I of Poland received assistance from Lithuania and Hungary to raid the Kulmerland of Teutonic Prussia up to the Osa River near Grudziądz.
September 1331: After the indecisive Battle of Płowce in 1331, the Teutonic Order gained the upper hand against Poland and retook the Kuyavian region and the Dobrzyń Land
July 1343: In 1343, the territorial claims of Poland and the Teutonic Order were settled in the Peace of Kalisz. King Casimir III the Great, relinquishes Pomerelia, Chełmno Land and Michałów Land, in return for which he regains Kuyavia and Dobrzyń Land from the State of the Teutonic Order.
January 1331: After years of conflict, the Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Werner von Orseln, agreed to a temporary peace with King Casimir III of Poland in 1330. As part of the agreement, the Order returned control of the Kuyavian region and the Dobrzyń Land to the Kingdom of Poland.
January 1327: King John the Blind of Luxembourg and Bohemia marched against Kraków.
Was a war between the Teutonic Knights and the allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania caused by territorial disputes.
October 1409: Poland and the Teutonic Order signed a truce on 8 October 1409. Both countries left militarly occupied territories. However, the Teutonic Order was not able to take back Samogitia where an uprising was taking place.
November 1410: The Teutonic Knights quickly recaptured most of the castles that Poland had occupied. By the end of October, only four Teutonic castles along the border remained in Polish hands.
February 1411: The Peace of Thorn was signed on 1 February 1411 between the Teutonic Knights and Poland-Lithuania. The Knights agreed to cede Dobrin Land to Poland and renounce their claims to Samogitia during the lifetimes of Jogaila and Vytautas.
August 1409: In 1409, the Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen, launched a military campaign in the region. They burned the castle at Dobrin, captured Bobrowniki after a fourteen-day siege, conquered Bydgoszcz, and sacked several towns in the area.
June 1413: Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, agreed to mediate the territorial disputes between the Teutonic Knights and Poland Lithuania. He appointed Benedict Makrai, who recognized the right bank of the Neman River, including Klaipėda, to Lithuania. The Knights refused to accept this decision and Teutonic Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen ordered Teutonic armies into northern Poland. The army, commanded by Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg, returned into Prussia after just 16 days of campaign.
October 1409: In 1409, the Samogitians, led by their leader Vytautas the Great, attacked the city of Memel (present-day Klaipėda). The territory was under the control of the Teutonic Order at the time, leading to a conflict between the two sides.
July 1410: The Polish-Lithuanian forces invaded the Teutonic Order's territory up to Kauernick.
September 1409: The Teutonic Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen declared war on the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania on 6 August 1409. The Knights hoped to defeat Poland and Lithuania separately and began by invading Greater Poland and Kuyavia, catching the Poles by surprise.
September 1409: The Poles organized counterattacks and recaptured Bydgoszcz.
July 1410: The forces of Poland-Lithuania arrive near Wysoka.
July 1410: Gilgenburg conquered by Poland-Lithuania.
July 1410: The city of Allenstein surrendered to the Polish-Lithuanian forces.
July 1410: The town of Mohrungen surrendered to Polish-Lithuanian forces.
July 1410: The city of Stuhm surrendered to the Polish-Lithuanian forces.
July 1410: Start of Marienburg siege by Polish forces.
September 1410: The Teutonic siege of Marienburg was lifted on 19 September. The Polish-Lithuanian forces left garrisons in fortresses that were captured or surrendered and returned home.
September 1409: In 1409, the Samogitians, led by their leader Vytautas the Great, attacked the city of Memel (present-day Klaipėda). The territory was not under the control of any specific entity at that time, leading to conflicts between various factions in the region.
May 1413: After the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War of 1410-1411 not all issues between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Teutonic Knights were settled. The most contentious matter was the border between Samogitia and Prussia. On 3 May 1413, Benedict (Holy Roman Empire) made the decision and recognized the right bank of the Neman River, including Klaipėda, to Lithuania.
July 1410: Christburg surrenders to the Polish-Lithuanian forces.
July 1410: Faulen conquered by Poland-Lithuania.
February 1411: The Peace of Thorn was signed between the Teutonic Knights and the Kingdom of Poland. The Teutonic Knights agreed to resign their claims to Samogitia.
May 1413: Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, agreed to mediate the territorial disputes between the Teutonic Knights and Poland Lithuania. He appointed Benedict Makrai, who recognized the right bank of the Neman River, including Klaipėda, to Lithuania. The Knights refused to accept this decision and Teutonic Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen ordered Teutonic armies into northern Poland.
Was a brief conflict between the allied Kingdom of Poland, and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, against the Teutonic Knights in summer 1414 in an attempt to resolve territorial disputes.
September 1414: In the summer of 1414, King Jogaila of Poland and Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania invaded Prussia, which was ruled by the Teutonic Order. They marched through Osterode and Warmia, causing destruction by plundering villages and burning crops.
November 1414: A two-year truce between the Teutonic Order and the allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania was signed in Strasburg (now Brodnica) in October.
Was a war of the Teutonic Knights against the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1422.
August 1422: In 1422, the joint forces of King Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland and Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania marched to Ostróda. The Teutonic Order forces, led by Grand Master Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg, retreated to Löbau in the face of the advancing Polish-Lithuanian army.
September 1422: A truce was signed and the Gollub War concluded ten days later with the Treaty of Melno. The treaty resolved territorial disputes between the Teutonic Knights and Lithuania regarding Samogitia, which had dragged on since 1382, and determined the Prussian-Lithuanian border, which afterwards remained unchanged for about 500 years. A portion of the original border survives as a portion of the modern border between the Republic of Lithuania and Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, making it one of the most stable borders in Europe.
August 1422: Riesenburg and Gollub conquered by Poland-Lithuania.
Was a war between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Knights.
September 1433: In June 1433 Poland allied itself with the Czech Hussites. For four months the Hussite army, including forces led by Feodor Ostrogski, ravaged Teutonic territories in Neumark, Pomerania, and western Prussia.
October 1433: In June 1433 Poland allied itself with the Czech Hussites. For four months the Hussite army, including forces led by Feodor Ostrogski, ravaged Teutonic territories in Neumark, Pomerania, and western Prussia.
Was a conflict fought in 1454-1466 between the Prussian Confederation, allied with the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, and the State of the Teutonic Order.
September 1463: Mewe and other Vistula towns still in the hands of the Order were conquered by Poland-Lithuania.
October 1466: Peace of Thorn: Remaining Prussian Territories become a polish fief.
September 1454: On September 18, 1454, the battle of Konitz between Poland-Lithuania and the Teutonic Order took place. Despite the numerical superiority of the Poles, it ended with their heavy defeat. As a result, numerous cities, especially Königsberg, returned to the order.
January 1455: Neumarkt sold to the Electorate of Brandenburg.
January 1461: The city of Malbork surrendered to Danzig.
October 1466: The Second Peace of Thorn, negotiated on October 19, 1466 between the Teutonic Order and the Kingdom of Poland under the leadership of Casimir the Jagiellonian in Thorn, today's Toruń, ended the 13-year Prussian War of the Cities. Only Ducal Prussia remained to to the Teutonic Order (as fief of Poland), the remnant territories being incorporated into Poland.
February 1454: On February 22, the Polish king also declared war on the Teutonic Order and on March 6 he accepted the surrender of the Prussian estates and incorporated the entire order state into the Polish Empire. The country was pro forma divided into four voivodeships (Kulm, Pommerellen, Elbing, Königsberg). In the west, the order only stayed in a few castles: Marienburg, Stuhm and Konitz.
Was a war between the Teutonic Order and the Kingdom of Poland over the choice of the Bishop of Warmia.
January 1477: In 1477 Martin von Wetzhausen, the new grand master of the Teutonic Order refused to make his oath of fealty to the Polish king and invaded Warmia, taking Chełm and Starogard Chełminski.
January 1478: Under the command of Jan Biały and Piotr Dunin, the Polish forces occupied several cities in Warmia and Pomesania.
Was a war between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Knights.
9.1.Polish Invasion of the Teutonic State (1519)
Was the Polish invasion of the Teutonic State at the beginning of the Polish-Teutonic War (1519-1521).
February 1519: In 1519, Polish forces led by Grand Crown Hetman Mikołaj Firlej besieged Marienwerder in Pomesania, which was part of the Teutonic Order's territory. The military occupation of Marienwerder eventually led to the territory being transferred to Poland-Lithuania.
February 1519: Preußisch Holland (modern-day Pasłęk) conquered by poland-lithuania.
February 1519: The Teutonic Knights took the Warmian city of Braunsberg (Braniewo).
May 1519: The Polish army received artillery reinforcements in April and took Marienwerder and Prussian Holland, but failed to retake Braunsberg.
9.2.Teutonic counterattack (1520)
Was the Teutonic counteroffensive of 1520 against the Polish invasion in the Polish-Teutonic War (1519-1521).
August 1520: In July 1520, the Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg, launched an offensive, seizing control of Masovia, Warmia, and Łomża territories. This military occupation marked a significant turning point in the Order's power in the region.
September 1520: In August 1520, German reinforcements led by Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg attacked Wielkopolska, capturing the town of Międzyrzecz. The territory was then placed under the military occupation of the Teutonic Order.
January 1521: In 1520, the Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg, took control of Wałcz, Chojnice, Starogard Gdański, and Tczew in Poland.
9.3.Polish offensive (1521)
Was a Polish military campaign against the Teutonic order. Polish forces retook Tczew, Starogard and Chojnice.
January 1521: Polish forces retook Tczew, Starogard and Chojnice.
January 1521: The Teutonic Knights retreated towards Oliwa and Puck, pursued by Polish forces.
9.4.Teutonic offensive (1521)
Was a Teutonic military campaign against Polan during the Polish-Teutonic War (1519-1521).
February 1521: The Polish side was then struck with financial troubles, and the "pospolite ruszenie" forces were also tired. The Teutonic Knights seized their chance and launched a counteroffensive, taking Nowe Miasto Lubawskie.
9.5.Treaty of Kraków (1525)
Was the treaty that ended the Polish-Teutonic War (1519-1521).
April 1525: In 1525, during the Polish-Teutonic War, the Teutonic Knights, led by Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg, took advantage of Polish financial troubles and fatigue to launch a successful counteroffensive, capturing Nowe Miasto Lubawskie in the Duchy of Prussia.
April 1525: The Cavalry War from 1519 to 1521 was the last military attempt by the Teutonic Order under its last Grand Master, Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach, to liberate the Teutonic Order state in East Prussia from Polish tutelage. In the armistice after unsuccessful fighting, Albrecht became a Protestant, secularized the country in 1525 and was the first Duke of Prussia to take it as a fief from King Sigismund I of Poland.
April 1525: In 1525, during the Polish-Teutonic War, the Teutonic Knights seized Nowe Miasto Lubawskie from Poland-Lithuania. The Polish forces faced financial troubles and exhaustion, allowing the Knights to launch a successful counteroffensive.
Selected Sources
Urban, W. (2003): Tannenberg and After: Lithuania, Poland and the Teutonic Order in Search of Immortality (Revised ed.), Chicago (USA), p. 166
Urban, W. (2003): Tannenberg and After: Lithuania, Poland and the Teutonic Order in Search of Immortality (Revised ed.), Chicago (USA), p. 205
Urban, W. (2003): Tannenberg and After: Lithuania, Poland and the Teutonic Order in Search of Immortality (Revised ed.), Chicago (USA), pp. 195-196
Polish-Teutonic Wars
