Pyrrhic War
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Was a war between the Roman Republic and the Kingdom of Epirus.
Chronology
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January 271 BC: During the Samnite Wars, the Roman Republic, led by consul Gaius Fabricius Luscinus, defeated the Samnites and secured control over Pandosia in -272. This victory marked the expansion of Roman dominion over southern Italy.
January 281 BC: In 282 BC. the Tarentines, who were drunkenly celebrating parties in honor of the god Dionysus in a theater overlooking the sea, escorted by the Roman ships (of merchants), believed that they were advancing against them and attacked them. After the attack on the Roman fleet, the Tarentines, realizing that their reaction to the Roman provocation could lead to war and convinced of Rome's hostile attitude, marched against Thurii, which was taken and sacked. The Tarentines, who did not respect the following embassies from Rome, thus began the war, also involving Epirus, called to help by the Tarentines against the Romans.
January 281 BC: In 282 BC the Tarentines, who were drunkenly celebrating parties in honor of the god Dionysus in a theater overlooking the sea, escorted by the Roman ships (of merchants), believed that they were advancing against them and attacked them. After the attack on the Roman fleet, the Tarentines, realizing that their reaction to the Roman provocation could lead to war and convinced of Rome's hostile attitude, marched against Thurii, which was taken and sacked. The Tarentines, who did not respect the following embassies from Rome, thus began the war, also involving Epirus, called to help by the Tarentines against the Romans.
January 276 BC: The Romans conquered Kroton, Croto in Latin, in 277 BC.
January 271 BC: In -272 BC, the Roman Republic gained control over the city of Medma, located in southern Italy. This victory was part of their campaign to establish dominance over the region, which included defeating other Confederate cities and colonies. This expansion marked the Romans' increasing power and influence in the Italian peninsula.
January 274 BC: During the Pyrrhic Wars (280-275 BC) fought between Pyrrhus of Epirus and Rome, Locris accepted a Roman garrison and fought against the Epirote king.
Was the Roman conquest of the Greek city-state of Taras during the Pyrrhic War.
January 280 BC: In 281 BC the Roman legions, under the command of Lucio Emilio Barbula, entered Taranto and conquered it.
Was a military expedition of Pyrrhus in southern Italy.
August 280 BC: After the battle of Eraclea, that anti-Roman understanding between Greeks and Italians, which part of the Tarentine aristocracy had been hoping for for some time, finally seemed to be cemented. Reinforcements from Lucania and Sannio joined Pyrrhus' army. Even the Bruttii rebelled. The Greek cities of Italy allied with Pyrrhus.
January 279 BC: King Pyrrhus of Epirus invaded Latium and Campania.
February 279 BC: The forces of Epirus leave Latium and Campania.
January 275 BC: While Pyrrhus was busy in his intervention in Sicily against the Carthaginians, Rome reoccupied without a fight all the previously lost territory in Apulia and Lucania. Once the rebellion of the Oscans and Samnites had been definitively put down, he arrived in the winter of 276 BC to put Taranto under siege again. The battle of Benevento took place in 275 BC. near the city then called Malevento, and it was the final episode of the Pyrrhic wars fought by Pirro, king of Epirus, against the Romans. Due to the defeat Pyrrhus abandoned the Italian campaign and returned to Epirus.
Was a military expedition of Pyrrhus, the ruler of Epirus, in Sicily.
March 275 BC: End of Lilybaeum siege.
January 276 BC: In -277, the city of Panormus was taken by storm by the forces of Pyrrhus, the King of Epirus. Pyrrhus was a renowned military leader who sought to expand his kingdom by conquering various territories in Sicily. The capture of Panormus was a significant victory for Pyrrhus in his campaign to establish dominance in the region.
April 275 BC: Molossian king Pyrrhus leaves Sicily.
January 276 BC: In -277, Iaetia surrendered without a fight to King Pyrrhus of Epirus. Pyrrhus was a renowned military leader known for his costly victories, leading to the term "Pyrrhic victory." This conquest expanded the territory of Epirus in ancient Greece.
January 276 BC: Pyrrhus went to Sicily and took the leadership of the Greek cities of eastern and southern Sicily in a war against the Carthaginians. Diodorus related that Pyrrhus defeated the Carthaginian garrison in Heraclea Minoa and seized Azones. Selinus, Halicyae, Segesta and other cities went over to him.
January 276 BC: In -277 BC, the Greek general Pyrrhus of Epirus besieged the city of Eryx, which was heavily fortified and defended by Carthaginian forces. Despite the challenges posed by the natural defenses and the large garrison, Pyrrhus eventually succeeded in capturing the city through a determined assault.
January 276 BC: Pyrrhus subdued the areas under Carthaginian control. After seizing Eryx he moved against the Mamertine mercenaries who had seized Messana.
January 275 BC: While Pyrrhus was besieging this city, the Carthaginians brought over a big army and large quantities of grain from Africa.
January 275 BC: Molossian king Pyrrhus leaves Sicily.
Was the Roman conquest of the Greek city-state of Rhegion during the Pyrrhic War.
January 269 BC: The Bretti were now recognized as a small power on the rise. Their prerogative was to continue to develop as an autonomous and conquering civilization and this drove them to hostility towards Rome. In 270 BC. the territory of the Brettii had completely fallen under the dominion of the Romans.
January 269 BC: Rhegion was subdued by the Romans in 270 BC.
Selected Sources
Venning, T. (2011): A chronology of the Roman Empire, Continuum International Publishing Group, p.81
