Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)
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Was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and a coalition led by the Russian Empire, and including Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
January 1880: The Republic of Tămrăš came into being when, following the Russo-Turkish War, from February to May 1878, an uprising broke out in the Pomakian regions of the Central Rhodopes. Their goal was to escape the power of the Orthodox Bulgarians and Russia.
June 1878: A British protectorate under nominal Ottoman suzerainty was established over Cyprus by the Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878, following the Russo-Turkish War.
Was the Caucasian theatre of the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878).
April 1877: The Russians, led by General Loris-Melikov, managed to occupy the Doğubeyazıt fortress on April 30, 1877.
May 1877: Ardahan conquered by russia.
November 1877: The Russians conquer Kars.
February 1878: Erzerum, with a weak Turkish garrison, was occupied occupied by Russian forces on February 21st.
Was the Danubian theatre of the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878).
July 1877: In 1877, during the Russo-Turkish War, the Russian Empire, under the command of General Mikhail Skobelev, successfully captured the Šipka pass from the Ottoman Empire. The pass was strategically important for controlling access to the Balkans. The Russians quickly fortified the area to defend against any potential counterattacks.
January 1878: In 1877, during the Russo-Turkish War, the Russian Empire, under the leadership of Tsar Alexander II, occupied Măcin, Tulcea, and Hârșova after the Turks withdrew from the Danube delta area.
February 1878: After the disbandment of the siege army of Pleven, the Romanians concentrated their attention on the fortress of Vidin, on the Danube, in which 12,000 Turks with abundant means of defense had taken refuge. Although it was on the verge of surrendering several times, the fortress only surrendered on February 23, 1878.
June 1877: Russian advance towards Svishtov. After a short fight the Turks retreated and the Bulgarians who inhabited the city handed it over to the Russians.
July 1877: The former residence of the Bulgarian tsars, Tarnovo, was captured by the Russians after a minor fight.
September 1877: An attempt to take Šipka was made by the Turks on 16 September night, when the attackers were able to capture Mount St. Nicholas, near the pass.
January 1878: Remaining at Trajan's Wall, the Russians then conquered all of Dobruja.
January 1878: In 1878, during the Russo-Turkish War, the Russian Empire's army, led by General Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko, occupied Ihtiman as part of their military campaign towards Philippopolis (now Plovdiv, Bulgaria). This strategic move played a crucial role in the eventual Russian victory in the war.
January 1878: Pazardžik conquered by russia.
January 1878: During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, Russian forces led by General Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko defeated the Ottoman Turks at Philippopolis (now Plovdiv, Bulgaria). This victory led to the Russian Empire occupying the territory as part of the Treaty of San Stefano.
January 1878: Occupied Adrianople and ever closer to the capital Constantinople, the Russians prompted the Turkish government to send plenipotentiaries who met Grand Duke Nicholas on January 20.
March 1878: Corlu, San Stefano, Pazardzhik, Plovdiv conquered by russia.
January 1878: General Iosif Gurko's army had the task of following the second direction and in the intense cold and sleet, after some victorious clashes, on 4 January 1878 it entered Sofia.
December 1877: Siege of Pleven.
May 1877: In the Romanian Parliament, Mihail Kogălniceanu declared the independence of Romania from the Ottoman Empire, in accordance with the will of the Romanian people.
July 1877: Battle of Nicopolis.
September 1877: Mount Saint Nichola conquered by russia.
Was the Serbian theatre of the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878).
January 1878: Dulcigno conquered by montenegro.
January 1878: The Montenegrins conquered Antivari on January 10.
January 1878: On December 14, 1877, Serbia again declared war on Turkey and on January 11, 1878 it captured the city of Niš.
Was a treaty between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire that ended the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878). The Ottoman Empire recognized the independence of Montenegro, Romania and Serbia.
March 1878: The advancement of Russian forces toward the Ottomans forced them to sign a peace treaty on 3 March 1878, recognising the independence of Montenegro. They also increased Montenegro's territory from 4,405 km² to 9,475 km². Montenegro gained the towns of Nikšić, Kolašin, Spuž, Podgorica, Žabljak, Bar, as well as access to the sea.
March 1878: The Treaty of San Stefano was signed by Russia and the Ottoman Empire, with British and Austrian representatives present. It was negotiated by Russian statesman Count Nikolay Ignatyev and Ottoman Grand Vizier Mehmed Said Pasha. The treaty aimed to create a large Bulgarian state, but was later revised by the Congress of Berlin.
The Congress of Berlin (13 June - 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan Peninsula after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano. The treaty formally recognized the independence of the de facto sovereign principalities of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro.
July 1878: The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan Peninsula after the Russo-Turkish War and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano. The treaty formally recognized the independence of the de facto sovereign principalities of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro.
July 1878: The Treaty of Berlin confirmed most of the Russian gains from the Ottoman Empire specified in the Treaty of San Stefan, but the valley of Alashkerd and the town of Bayazid were returned to the Ottomans.
July 1878: Romania was forced to cede southern Bessarabia to the Russian Empire.
July 1878: Following the Romanian War of Independence in 1877-78, Romania shook off formal Ottoman rule but eventually clashed with its Russian ally over its demand for the Southern Bessarabia region. Ultimately, Romania was awarded Northern Dobruja in exchange for Southern Bessarabia.
July 1878: Territorial change based on available maps.
July 1878: The Vilayet of Bosnia was placed under Austro-Hungarian occupation although it formally remained part of the Ottoman Empire.
Selected Sources
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, p.364
