Second Congo War
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Was a civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo where several rebel groups, some of them with the support of foregin countries, tried to overthrow the central government of Kinshasa led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila, who had become president after the the end of First Congo War in 1997. The conflict ended with the Pretoria Accord (2002) between the major factions of the war.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was the theatre of war in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Second Congo War.
August 1998: In 1998, Bukavu was a territory in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The troops stationed there were part of the rebel group RCD (Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie). They announced that they would no longer recognize the local rulers, challenging the authority in the region.
August 1998: In 1998, Kalemies, a renowned military leader and ruler, successfully conquered the territory of RCD on August 26th. This victory solidified Kalemies' reputation as a powerful and strategic leader in the region.
August 1998: In 1998, rebels in the east, led by the Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD), captured Kisangani.
October 1998: Kindu is captured by the Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie rebels on October 12.
April 2000: The Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD) made another advance to the west in Kasai, where heavy fighting broke out again with Zimbabweans and Namibians. The areas controlled by rebels had reached their greatest extent in March 2000.
January 2002: The RCD-Kisingani (RCD-K), which was under Ugandan influence, split into the RCD-Mouvement de Libération (RCD-ML) and RCD-National (RCD-N). The RCD-ML allied itself with the central government in Kinshasa and established its dominion in the north of North Kivu province and parts of the Ituri district, the RCD-N remained an ally of Uganda.
August 1998: On August 2, 1998, just under a week after Kabila's withdrawal request from Rwanda, the Congolese Army's 10th Brigade (consisting mainly of Banyamulenge), stationed in Goma, declared its departure from President Kabila. Its commander announced on the radio that the nepotism and corruption under Kabila was condemned and that the army had come to the decision to oust the president;[37] Goma subsequently fell to the rebels without any major fighting.
August 1998: The strategically important cities of Bukavu and Goma fell under the control of the RCD rebels, as did Uvira, where fighting began on August 4th.
August 1998: In the second week of fighting, Beni and Butembu fell on the Ugandan border.
August 1998: The Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD) took control of Bunia with the support of Ugandan troops.
November 1998: In 1998, during the Second Congo War, the rebel group RCD captured the cities of Moba and Kongolo in Katanga. This was part of their campaign to overthrow the government of President Laurent Kabila.
January 1999: Nyunzu and Pweto are conquered by the RCD.
April 1999: Due to these differences, the RCD increasingly split into a camp close to Rwanda and a camp close to Uganda under the leadership of dia Wamba; while the Rwanda-affiliated continued to maintain its operations center in Goma, dia Wamba's constituency moved their headquarters to Kisangani in early 1999.
Was the theatre of war in the western Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Second Congo War.
August 1998: Ugandan and Rwandan troops led by Kabarebe ("Commander James") hijacked a passenger plane in rebel-held Goma to the east to escort elite soldiers - composed of Rwandan, Ugandan and possibly Congolese forces[48] - to the small town of Kitona in Bas-Bas Province. Congo on the Atlantic coast.
August 1998: Angolan troops were able to recapture Boma, Muanda and Kitona in few days.
August 1998: The Inga Dams in Matadi were captured by the rebel group RCD, led by historical figure Laurent-Désiré Kabila.
August 1998: Congolese government forces took back Matadi and the Inga dams.
Was the theatre of war in the northern Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Second Congo War.
December 1998: The rebel group MLC led by Jean-Pierre Bemba conquers Lisala and Gemena in early December.
November 1998: On November 7, Jean-Pierre Bemba announced the existence of a new rebel organization in the north of the country, the Mouvement de Liberation du Congo (MLC). On November 17, the MLC rebels together with the Ugandan UPDF soldiers conquered Bumba, which is almost 300 kilometers northeast of Kisangani.
April 1999: The forces of Kabila loose the town of Zongo to the Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC).
April 1999: In 1999, the town of Gbadolite was conquered by the rebel group MLC, led by former Congolese president Mobutu Sese Seko's son, Jean-Pierre Bemba. Gbadolite was Mobutu's hometown and a symbol of his lavish lifestyle during his dictatorship.
November 1998: At the end of 1998, the MLC controlled large parts of the province of Orientale.
June 1999: MLC in control of almost the entire province of Équateur until the end of May 1999.
December 1999: At the beginning of November, the armistice agreement was terminated by the MLC and a new offensive started. By the end of December, the MLC controlled the entire north of the country, up to the border with the Republic of Congo.
Was a treaty that ended the Second Congo War. It involved the major factions of the conflict, but not all, and in some regions of Congo conflicts continue to this day.
June 2003: The Pretoria Accord (" Accord Global et Inclusif") ended the Second Congo War. Rwandan forces withdrew from Congo. On April 7th Kabila was sworn in as interim president, in the following months more and more UN troops arrived in the country. The new government took office on June 30.
