Seleucid-Parthian wars
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Were the wars between the secessionist Parthian kingdom and the Seleucid Kingdom.
Chronology
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January 186 BC: After the defeat in the battle of Magnesia Antiochus began an expedition into Iran, but was killed in Elymaïs. The Arsacids then took power in Parthia and declared their full independence from the Seleucid Empire.
January 189 BC: At the battle of Magnesia, Seleucids were defeated by Romans in 190 BC. Parthia and Atropatene considered Rome a threat to their independence and therefore allied themselves in the struggle against Rome.
January 208 BC: Antiochus III was an ambitious Seleucid king who had a vision of reuniting Alexander the Great's empire under the Seleucid dynasty. In 209 BC he launched a campaign to regain control of the eastern provinces, and after defeating the Parthians in battle, he successfully regained control over the region. The Parthians were forced to accept vassal status and now only controlled the land conforming to the former Seleucid province of Parthia.
January 175 BC: Phraates I was the king of the Parthian Empire from 176-171 BC. He successfully expanded Parthia's territory beyond the Gates of Alexander by occupying Apamea Ragiana, a strategic city in the region. This conquest solidified Parthia's control over the area and demonstrated Phraates I's military prowess.
January 169 BC: Margiana, located in present-day Turkmenistan, was conquered by the Parthians under the rule of Mithridates I of Parthia around 170 BC. Mithridates I was a prominent ruler of the Parthian Empire known for expanding its territories through military conquests.
January 147 BC: In 148 BC, the Parthian king Mithridates I invaded Media.
January 146 BC: Parthian conquest of Babylonia in Mesopotamia, where Mithridates had coins minted at Seleucia in 141 BC and held an official investiture ceremony.
January 146 BC: After suffering a defeat, Mithridates retreated to Hyrcania. His forces then conquered the kingdoms of Elymais and Characene before taking control of Susa, a significant city in the region. This event took place in -147 and marked a significant expansion of the Parthian Empire's territory.
January 140 BC: In 141 BC the Parthians captured the major Seleucid city of Seleucia. These victories gave Mithridates control over Mesopotamia and Babylonia.
January 138 BC: In 139 BC the Parthians defeated a major Seleucid counterattack, breaking the Seleucid army, and captured the Seleucid King, Demetrius II, thus effectively ending Seleucid claims to any land east of the Euphrates river.
January 99 BC: By 100 BC, the once formidable Seleucid Empire encompassed little more than Antioch and some Syrian cities.
Taking advantage of the uncertain political situation in the Seleucid Kingdom, Andragoras, the Seleucid governor of Parthia, proclaimed his independence.
January 245 BC: Diodotus II formed an alliance with Arsaces against the Seleucids, but Arsaces was temporarily driven from Parthia by the forces of Seleucus II Callinicus.
January 245 BC: After spending some time in exile among the nomadic Apasiacae tribe, Arsaces led a counterattack and recaptured Parthia.
January 246 BC: Following the death of Antiochos II, Ptolemy III seized control of the Seleucid capital at Antioch. Taking advantage of the uncertain political situation, Andragoras, the Seleucid governor of Parthia, proclaimed his independence and began minting his own coins.
The Parthian Empire became completely independent from the Seleucid Kingdom.
January 175 BC: The Seleucids were unable to further intervene in Parthian affairs following increasing encroachment by the Roman Republic and the Seleucid defeat at Magnesia in 190 BC. Phriapatius of Parthia succeeded Arsaces II, and Phraates I of Parthia eventually ascended the throne. Phraates I ruled Parthia without further Seleucid interference.
Were the military campaigns of Seleucid King Antiochus VII Sidetes against several usurpers.
