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Were a series of wars fought between Burma and Siam from the 16th to 19th centuries.
Chronology
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Was a war between the Toungoo dynasty of Burma and the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam.
1.1.Invasion of mainland Siam (1548-1549)
Was a Burmese invasion of Siam during the Burmese-Siamese War (1547-1549).
October 1548: On 14 October 1548 (13th waxing of Tazaungmon 910 ME), the Burmese three armies left Martaban to start the invasion. The armies marched along the Ataran river toward the Three Pagodas Pass, entered Siam along the Khwae Noi River to the town of Sai Yok.
November 1548: About a month into the invasion, mid-November 1548, the King of Burma then continued his march eastward, capturing the villages of Ban Thuan, Kaphan Tru and Chorakhe Sam Phan.
March 1549: After a treaty that ended the Burmese-Siamese War (1547-1549), the Burmese king left all the militarly occupied regions and retreated to Pegu.
February 1549: The Burmese continued their advance and captured the ancient town of Uthong as well as the villages of Don Rakhang and Nong Sarai and closing in on Suphanburi.
February 1549: King Tabinshwehti of the Toungoo Kingdom encamped his army directly north of the Siamese capital of Ayutthaya on a field called the Lumpli plain.
Was a war between the Toungoo dynasty of Burma and the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam. The cause of the war was an attempt by the Toungoo King Bayinnaung to force the Ayutthaya kingdom into submission under his rule, as part of his campaign that later created the largest empire ever to exist in Southeast Asia.
January 1564: King Bayinnaung, familiar with the terrain of Siam due to his prior expeditions with the late Tabinshwehti, entered Siam through what is now known as Three Pagodas Pass in Kanchanaburi Province.
January 1564: A separate Burmese army entered through Mae Lamow Pass in what is now Tak Province.
January 1564: The governor of Phitsanulok, Mahathammarachathirat, faced with a large opposing force, betrayed the Siamese cause and signed a treaty of friendship with Bayinnaung, contributing forces to Bayinnaung's now even larger army.
January 1564: Mahathammarachathirat was the ruler of Sukhothai, a kingdom in Thailand. Bayinnaung was the king of Burma who led the military occupation of Sukhothai in 1563. The Burmese invasion led to Mahathammarachathirat switching allegiance to Bayinnaung.
March 1564: The Bayinnaung armies marched down to Ayutthaya. There, they were kept at bay for weeks by the Siamese fort, aided by three Portuguese warships and artillery batteries at the harbor. The invaders finally captured the Portuguese ships and batteries on 7 February 1564, after which the fort promptly fell. Ayutthaya becomes a Burmese vassal state.
January 1564: Bayinnaung's army took Sawankhalok and Phichit without difficulty, finally able to direct their full attention on invading Ayutthaya.
Was a military conflict fought between the Kingdom of Ayutthaya (Siam) and the Kingdom of Burma. The war began in 1568 when Ayutthaya unsuccessfully attacked Phitsanulok, a Burmese vassal state.
January 1569: In 1568, Siam, the most powerful vassal state of Burma, revolted.
January 1568: 1568– 2 October 1569: Siam rebells. Burma invaded and recaptured Ayutthaya. Siam remaind a vassal of Burma.
Was a war fought between the Toungoo dynasty of Burma and the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam.
January 1593: After being defeated in a battle, the Burmese forces retreated, suffering heavy casualties along the way as the Siamese chased and destroyed their army. This was the last of the campaigns by Nanda Bayin to invade Siam.
December 1591: Rebels retook the city of Mogaung after the Toungoo army had left it.
April 1591: In 1591, the Lan Na Kingdom defeated the Burmese army outside Lampang. Nanda.
May 1584: Tenasserim was integrated into Burma.
January 1591: The powerful Shan state of Mogaung revolted, refusing to contribute its quota.
January 1591: In 1590, Lampang was under the military occupation of Burma.
January 1593: The invasion army of 24,000 was led by King Naresuan of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, who was trying to defend his territory from the Burmese forces led by King Nanda Bayin. The battle at Suphan Buri was a significant moment in the Burmese–Siamese War of 1592–1593.
January 1587: Undeterred, Nanda Bayin launched a two-pronged invasion in the following dry season on 19 October (O.S. 9 October) 1586 Both armies overcame Siamese defenses and arrived before Ayutthaya by December.
July 1592: An 8,000-strong army led by Minye Kyawswa II had to return and put down the Mogaung rebellion by mid-1592.
April 1591: The Toungoo northern army took Mogaung by March 1591.
May 1584: The Siamese army withdrew to Martaban, and declared independence on 3 May (O.S. 23 April) 1584.
April 1587: Because of poor planning, the Burmese troops began dying in thousands "from want and exposure" during the siege of Ayutthaya. By March, the siege began to falter, and supplies streamed into Ayutthaya through gaps in the Burmese lines. The Burmese forces began their painful withdrawal on 20 April 1587.
Was a war between the Toungoo Dynasty of Burma and the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam.
June 1600: Lan Na (Chiang Mai) becomes a vassal of Siam.
June 1600: Siam conquers the Tenasserim coastal region to Martaban.
5.1.Mon State campaign
Was a military campaign by Siamese forces against Burma in the Mon States and in Tenasserim.
January 1595: The small Burmese garrison at Martaban abandoned the town. The King of Burma then ordered the viceroy of Toungoo to suppress the revolt, but that force was defeated by a combined Siamese and Mon army. The Mon provinces then became subject to Siam.
January 1594: Tenasserim resisted the siege for 15 days while the siege of Tavoy lasted 20 days, before the Siamese were successful in capturing both cities.
January 1594: Phraya Chakri captured Tenasserim, he captured Mergui.
5.2.Invasion of mainland Burma (1595-1600)
Was a Siamese invasion of Burma during the Burmese-Siamese War (1593-1600).
January 1600: When Naresuan of Siam arrived in Pegu, he found only an empty and burning city.
January 1601: In 1600, Lan Na (Chiang Mai) became a vassal of Siam under the rule of King Naresuan.
February 1596: Naresuan of Siam learned that the viceroys of Prome, Ava, and Toungoo were coming with their armies. Given the overwhelming strength of the Burmese relief forces, Naresuan retreated back to Siam.
April 1600: For two months, Naresuan attempted to capture Toungoo.
June 1600: In May of 1600, King Naresuan of Siam gave up the fight against the Kingdom of Toungoo in mainland Burma due to a lack of provisions.
January 1596: Naresuan led an army of 120,000 men from the Siamese capital and initiated an invasion of lower Burma. At Martaban, he added the Mon army as an auxiliary force. Upon reaching Pegu.
Was a war fought between the Toungoo dynasty of Burma and the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam.
January 1623: Tavoy conquered by Kingdom of Toungoo.
January 1619: Burma ultimately regains Martaban.
January 1627: Independence of Lan Na.
Was a war between the Toungoo Empire of Burma and the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam.
7.1.Siam invades Lan Na
Innvasion of Lan Na by Siamese forces.
March 1663: King Narai and two Siamese armies invaded Lan Na and captured Chiang Mai in February 1663.
7.2.Siam invades Burma - 1663-1664
Invasion of the Martaban Coast by Siamese forces.
December 1663: In 1663, the Siamese forces, led by King Narai, launched a military campaign and successfully captured the territories of Martaban and Tavoy.
January 1665: The only point of agreement between Rajanubhab's Siamese account and the Burmese account is that the invaders depleted their provisions during the invasion and had to return home. With the end of the hostilities in Burma and the evacuation of Lan Na by the Siamese, Burma and Siam entered a long period of peace.
7.3.Burma invades Siam - 1663
Burmese invasion of Siam during the Burmese-Siamese War (1662-1664).
January 1664: In 1663, the Burmese forces, led by King Pye Min of Burma, invaded the territory of Sai Yok in Siam. The invasion began at Three Pagodas Pass and the Burmese army advanced over 100 kilometers into Siam, marking the beginning of a military occupation.
February 1664: In 1664, the Ayutthaya Kingdom successfully defended against the Burmese invasion led by King Pye Min. King Narai of Siam led the Siamese forces in routing the Burmese, forcing them to retreat back to their own territory. This marked the end of Burma's 1663 invasion of Siam.
Was a war fought in the 17th century between the Toungoo Empire of Burma and the Ayutthaya Kingdom over the Lan Na Kingdom and cities of the Tenasserim coast.
January 1665: Siam conquers Lan Na.
Was a first military conflict between the Konbaung dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) and the Ban Phlu Luang Dynasty of the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam.
March 1760: The Burmese forces, led by King Alaungpaya, defeated the Siamese troops in Suphanburi in 1760. Among the captured Siamese commanders were Phraya Vichayen and Phraya Chakri, who later became King Taksin of Thonburi.
May 1760: The Burmese king's health deteriorated rapidly. He was suffering from either dysentery or scrofula. King Alaungpaya died on 11 May 1760 near Martaban, after being rushed by the advance guard. With his death, the war ended.
April 1760: In 1760, Burmese forces led by King Alaungpaya invaded the Siamese territories of Phetchaburi and Ratchaburi. The Siamese defenders, led by King Ekkathat, put up a strong resistance but were eventually defeated after several fierce battles in February and March. The Burmese forces successfully occupied the territories, marking a significant victory in the Burmese-Siamese wars.
April 1760: The Burmese arrived at the environs of Ayutthaya and laid siege to the city, hoping to take it before the monsoon.
March 1760: In less than two weeks of the war, the Burmese had captured both Mergui and the town of Tenasserim, and controlled the entire Tennaserim coast.
March 1760: The Siamese defenses met the invading force outside Kui Buri but were forced to retreat. The Burmese also captured Pranburi.
Was a war between the Konbaung Dnasty of Burma and the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam which led to the collapse of the latter.
April 1767: By late March, the Burmese had dug tunnels to the walls, and mined them. At 4 pm on 7 April, several sections of the wall were brought down by the mines underneath, and the Burmese troops supported by artillery fire stormed the walls.
April 1767: One hundred years later, Ayutthaya under King Ekatat (Boromaraja V) faced another Burmese invasion. This culminated in the capture and destruction of the city of Ayutthaya in 1767, as well as the death of the king. Siam was shattered, and as rivals fought for the vacant throne, Patani declared its complete independence.
10.1.Northern Front of the Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767)
Was the northern Front of the Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767).
August 1765: The invasion began on 23 August 1765 (8th waxing of Tawthalin 1127 ME) at the height of the rainy season when the 20,000 strong northern Burmese army (20 regiments and three hundred war-boats) invaded Siam down the Wang River.
October 1765: Thihapate fought his way down the Wang, finally taking Tak and Kamphaeng Phet by the end of the rainy season.
February 1766: While the Burmese refilled their ranks, the Siamese command belatedly sent another army to retake Phitsanulok. But the Siamese army was driven back with heavy losses. It was the last major stand by the Siamese in the north. The Siamese defense collapsed afterwards. The Burmese army then moved by boat down the Nan River, taking Phichai, Phichit, Nakhon Sawan, and down the Chao Phraya, taking Ang Thong.
December 1765: Burmese military leader Thihapate captured the Burmese northern cities of Sukhothai and Phitsanulok.
January 1766: They reached the environs of Ayutthaya, making contact with Maha Nawrahta's army.
10.2.Southern Front of the Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767)
Was southern Front of the Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767).
November 1765: Kanchanaburi fell with little resistance in 1765 to the Burmese forces.
January 1766: Burmese forces reached Nonthaburi about 60 km south of Ayutthaya.
10.3.Thailand theatre of war (Burmese-Siamese War of 1765-1767)
Was theatre of war in Thailand of the Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767).
10.3.1.Ayutthaya Kingdom
Was the collapse of the 417-year-old Ayutthaya Kingdom during the Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767).
December 1767: After more than 400 years of power, in 1767, the Kingdom of Ayutthaya was brought down by invading Burmese armies, its capital burned, and the territory split. But Siam made a rapid recovery. The resistance to Burmese rule was led by a noble of Chinese descent, Taksin, a capable military leader. Initially based at Chanthaburi in the southeast, within a year he had defeated the Burmese occupation army and re-established a Siamese state with its capital at Thonburi on the west bank of the Chao Phraya, 20 km from the sea.
Was a military conflict between the Konbaung dynasty of Burma (now Myanmar) and the Thonburi Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand).
July 1776: When King Hsinbyushin of Burma died on June 10, 1776, the invasion of Thonburi was ended. The Burmese however retained Chiang Saen, a region in northern Lan Na.
January 1776: Thihapate's army managed to recapture Chiang Mai.
April 1776: Maha Thiha Thura was a Burmese military leader who led his army into the deserted city of Phitsanulok in March 1776 during the military occupation of Burma. This event marked a significant moment in the conflict between Burma and the territory of Phitsanulok.
January 1776: Maha Thiha Thura's army fought its way down to Siamese defenses and managed to occupy Phichai and Sukhothai provinces in northern Siam.
Was a war between the Konbaung dynasty of Burma and the Siamese Rattanakosin Kingdom.
October 1785: In mid-October 1785, King Bodawpaya of Burma led his armies to attack Lanna, a kingdom in northern Siam. The invasion resulted in the territory of Lampang falling under Burmese military occupation.
January 1786: The Siamese relieved Lampang from the Burmese siege.
January 1786: The Burmese captured Songkhla.
January 1786: All of the Burmese invasion armies withdrew in disarray in late-January 1786.
Was a conflict between the Kingdom of Burma under Konbaung dynasty and the Kingdom of Siam under the Chakri dynasty over the town of Tavoy and the Tenasserim Coast.
April 1794: In a treaty, Siam formally cedes the Tenasserim coastal region to Burma.
Was a war between the Kingdom of Burma under the Konbaung dynasty and Kingdom of Siam under the Chakri dynasty over the Lan Na city-states.
14.1.Kengtung annexed by Chiang Mai
In 1802 Kengtung (northern Thailand) came under the rule of Chiang Mai.
January 1803: In 1802 Kengtung came under the rule of Chiang Mai.
Was a war between the Konbaung dynasty of Burma and the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam.
15.1.First Burmese invasion (Siam)
Was the first Burmese invasion of Siam during the Burmese-Siamese War (1809–1812).
November 1809: In October 1809, Bodawpaya, the king of Burma, sent his chamberlain with a large force to conquer Ranong and Na Toei. The force consisted of 30,000 soldiers, 60 war ships, and 200 swivel guns. The successful campaign resulted in the territory falling under Burma's military occupation.
September 1809: The second column, led by British Lieutenant Colonel Herbert, embarked on ships and captured Takua Pa in 1809 during the Burmese military occupation. This marked a significant victory in the Anglo-Burmese War.
January 1810: The Burmese forces, led by Prince Bagyidaw, managed to regroup after initial setbacks and received reinforcements. They successfully captured the city of Phuket on 13 January 1810.
15.2.Second Burmese invasion (Siam)
Was the second Burmese invasion of Siam during the Burmese-Siamese War (1809–1812).
April 1810: In March 1810, the combined Siamese-Kedahan forces, led by Governor Phraya Surin Phakdi, successfully retook the island of Phuket from the invading Burmese forces. The invaders were pushed into Pak Chan, marking a significant victory for the Rattanakosin Kingdom.
15.3.Third Burmese invasion (Siam)
Was the third Burmese invasion of Siam during the Burmese-Siamese War (1809–1812).
June 1810: The Burmese King Bodawpaya sent his army, led by his son Prince of Tharrawaddy, to invade Phuket in late May 1810. The Burmese forces aimed to conquer the island and expand their territory in the region.
June 1810: In 1810, a Siamese counter offensive led by Phuket Governor Phraya Thammarat expelled the Burmese invaders from the island.
Was a military expeditions of the Siamese Rattanakosin Kingdom against the Tai Khün State of Kengtung, which was under Burmese suzerainty.
January 1855: The Siamese army occupied Kengtung.
June 1855: Faced with harsh mountainous terrain and a lack of resources, the invading Siamese had to evacuate Burma in May 1855.
January 1853: After suffering heavy losses, the Burmese were able to drive the invading Siamese out.
January 1853: The Siamese send two invading forces from Chiang Mai in Kengtung.
Selected Sources
Maung, H. A. (1967): A History of Burma, New York (USA) and London (UK), p. 169
Maung, H. A. (1967): A History of Burma, New York (USA) and London (UK), pp. 169-170
Burmese-Siamese Wars
