Military Campaigns of Muhammad Ali
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Wars that saw the partecipation of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Wali of Egypt.
Chronology
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Was a war between Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire caused by the agreement of the Ottomans to open the Dardanelles exclusively to French warships. .
Were a series of military expeditions of the nominally Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt in Sudan that resulted in the annexion of the region.
January 1823: The Kordofan Campaign of 1822 was led by the Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali Pasha and his son Ismail Pasha. They successfully conquered the territory of North Kordofan, which was part of the Egypt Eyalet at the time. This campaign was part of Muhammad Ali's efforts to expand his control over Sudan and establish Egyptian dominance in the region.
January 1841: A number of territories in modern Sudan and South Sudan were not conquered in the Egyptian conquest of 1822-24, but were added following campaigns in later years. In 1840, the regions of Kassala and Taka were added to the Egyptian domains.
October 1874: Sultanate of Darfur conquered by Rabih az-Zubayr.
August 1820: In 1820, during the Ottoman-Egyptian conquest of Sudan, the Mamluks, who were slave soldiers in Egypt, either surrendered or escaped from Dongola. This event marked the expansion of Egyptian control over the region.
November 1820: The main military opposition to the Egyptians in Sudan came from the powerful Shayqiyya confederation, which was defeated on 4 November at the battle of Korti.
February 1821: Ismail himself took the bulk of his forces on a march across the Bayuda Desert and reached the Nile at al-Buqayr, south of Ad-Damir seven days later. .
March 1821: The Egyptians reached Berber, which submitted without fighting.
January 1856: In 1855, the Upper White Nile region around Fashoda was part of the Egypt Eyalet.
January 1871: Equatoria conquered by turkey.
December 1881: In November 1881, the territory of Mangbetu was occupied by the Egyptian Khedivate.
July 1820: When the Egyptians passed the second cataract of the Nile, the ruler of Say submitted.
January 1866: Suakin and the Red Sea coast were conquered by Egypt in 1865.
January 1884: The Egyptians leave Mangbetu.
June 1821: The Egyptian received the official submission of Badi VII of Funj.
July 1820: In 1820, the Egyptian army, led by Muhammad Ali Pasha, advanced into the territory between the first and second cataract of the Nile River. The kashif of Lower Nubia, a local ruler, submitted to the Egyptian forces, despite the territory being only nominally under Ottoman rule. This event marked the expansion of Egyptian control into the region.
November 1822: October 1822-1824: Revolt in Shendi and Sennar.
Were two major wars between Muhammad Ali Pasha's Egypt (nominally an Ottoman vassal but factually independent) and the Ottoman Empire over the control of territories in the Levant.
3.1.Egyptian-Ottoman War (1831-1833)
Was a military conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Egypt brought about by Muhammad Ali Pasha's demand to the Sublime Porte for control of Greater Syria, as reward for aiding the Sultan during the Greek War of Independence.
June 1832: Acre fell to Egyptian prince Ibrahim Pasha's army in May 1832.
November 1832: With the provinces of Greater Syria under his control, the Egyptian army continued their campaign into Anatolia in late 1832.
November 1832: In 1832, the Egyptian forces, led by Ibrahim Pasha, occupied the city of Konya in central Anatolia. This was part of the Egyptian invasion of Ottoman territories during the Ottoman-Egyptian War.
October 1832: In 1832, Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, led a military campaign to conquer the Levant region. After capturing Acre, he successfully took control of major cities like Aleppo, Homs, Beirut, Sidon, Tripoli, and Damascus, expanding the territory of the Egypt Eyalet.
3.2.Egyptian-Ottoman War (1839-1841)
Was a military conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Egypt initiated by the Ottomans to reoccupy lands lost to Muhammad Ali in the First Turko-Egyptian War.
November 1840: On 27 November 1840, the Convention of Alexandria took place. British Admiral Charles Napier reached an agreement with the Egyptian government, where the latter abandoned its claims to Syria and returned the Ottoman fleet.
November 1840: In 1840, the city of Acre and several nearby coastal cities were occupied by the British military.
October 1840: The Egyptians had abandoned Beirut on October 3.
September 1840: Open war broke out on September 11, when Napier bombarded Beirut and effected a landing at Jounieh with 1,500 Turks and Marines to operate against Ibrahim, who was prevented by the revolt from doing more than trying to hold the coastal cities.
September 1840: With a mixed squadron of British, Turkish and Austrian ships, bombarded Sidon on September 26 and landed with the storming column. Sidon capitulated in two days.
Selected Sources
Dupuy, R. E. / Dupuy, T. N. (1993): The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B.C. to the Present, New York (USA), p. 851.
