Wars of Charlemagne
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Military campaigns initiated by the Frankish emperor Charlemagne.
Chronology
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Was the first military campaign of Frankish King Charles the Great against the Kingdom of the Lombards.
Were a series of wars and revolts in Saxony during the reign of Charles the Great.
January 774: In mid-January 772, the sacking and burning of the church of Deventer by a Saxon expedition was the casus belli for the first war waged by Charlemagne to the Saxons. Frankish invasion of Saxon territory and the subjugation of the Engrians and destruction of their sacred symbol Irminsul near Paderborn in 772 or 773 at Eresburg.
January 776: Charlemagne's second campaign came in the year 775. Then he marched through Westphalia, conquering the fort of Sigiburg.
January 776: Charlemagne crossed Engria, where he defeated the Saxons.
January 779: By 778 AD the Saxons were moreor less independent again.
September 779: In summer 779, Charlemagne again went into Saxony and conquered Eastphalia, Engria, and Westphalia.
January 783: Charlemagne conquerd Saxony.
January 776: He returned very rapidly to Saxony (making it to Lippe before the Saxons knew he left Italy) for the third time in 776, when a rebellion destroyed his fortress at Eresburg.
January 782: Charlemagne returned in 782 to Saxony and instituted a code of law and appointed counts, both Saxon and Frank. The laws were severe on religious issues, namely the native paganism of the Saxons. This stirred a renewal of the old conflict. That year, in autumn, Widukind returned and led a revolt that resulted in many assaults on the church.
January 792: 792-794: The Westphalians rose up against their masters in response to forcible recruitment for wars against the Avars.
January 793: The Eastphalians and Nordalbingians joined them in 793, but the insurrection did not catch on as previous ones and was completely put down by 794.
January 796: An Engrian rebellion followed closely in 796.
January 804: The last insurrection of the Engrian people occurred in 804.
January 841: The last Saxon uprising was the Stellinga, which occurred between 841 and 845.
Was the second military campaign of Frankish king Charles the Great against the Kingdom of the Lombards, which was annexed to the Frankish possessions.
Were a series of military campaigns by the Frankish rulers that led to the creation of a buffer zone between the Iberian Peninsula, controlled by the Umayyad Caliphate, and the Frankish Empire.
Was a war between the Frankish Empire and Venice.
June 810: The Franks attacked the lagoons of Venice both from the sea and from the mainland, quickly conquering the more peripheral centers such as Grado. In particular, they reached as far as Albiola, a very short distance from the capital, Malamocco.
September 810: During the final battle, which took place in the lagoon waters behind Malamocco, the Frankish fleet, awkward in maneuvering among the intricate lagoon weaves of canals and slums, was easy prey for the agile Venetian boats. The invaders were annihilated.
Selected Sources
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany)
