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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
State of North Borneo
State of North Borneo (de facto British Protectorate)
North Borneo (British Protectorate)
Crown Colony of North Borneo
Establishment
January 1878: In 1877, the territory on the western coast of northern Borneo, previously owned by the American Trading Company of Borneo, was transferred to Overbeck, a British businessman who later became the first British Consul in North Borneo. This marked the beginning of British influence in the region.
January 1878: The territory of North Borneo was originally established by concessions of the Sultanates of Brunei and Sulu in 1877 and 1878 to a German-born representative of Austria-Hungary, a businessman and diplomat, von Overbeck.
January 1878: The concession treaty signed in 1878 by Sultan Jamal ul-Azam of Sulu appointed Baron de Overbeck as Dato Bendahara and Raja Sandakan in North Borneo. This treaty marked the transfer of territory to the State of North Borneo.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.
1.1.World War II (Asia & Pacific)
Was the East Asian, South Asian and Pacific theatre of World War II.
1.1.1.Battle of Borneo (1941-42)
Was a successful campaign by Japanese Imperial forces for control of Borneo island, which was a British (the northern part) and Dutch (the southern part) possession.
December 1941: On December 31, forces under Lt. Col. Watanabe advanced on Labuan and Jesselton.
January 1942: Japanese force lands at Sandakan, British North Borneo.
January 1942: British North Borneo is surrendered to Japanese at Sandakan
1.1.2.Allied operations in Malysia
Were a series of events and battles that took place in modern-day Malaysia after its occupation ba the Japanese Empire.
September 1945: Borneo placed under a military administration on the Japanese capitulation in 1945.
1.1.3.Borneo Campaign
Was the last major Allied campaign in the South West Pacific Area during World War II to liberate Japanese-held British Borneo and Dutch Borneo.
1.1.3.1.Battle of North Borneo
Was a series of Allied amphibious landings in North Borneo to clear North Borneo from Japanese forces.
June 1945: Another landing was made by Allied forces on Borneo at Weston.
June 1945: Minor allied landings were made at Mempakul on 19 June.
June 1945: Battle of Beaufort.
July 1945: By 12 July British forces occupied Papar.
January 1880: He was unable to attract the interest of the governments of Austria and Germany, Overbeck withdrew in 1879. All his treaty rights with the Sultanates were transferred to Alfred Dent, who in 1881 formed the North Borneo Provisional Association Ltd.
June 1884: The company of North Borneo acquired further sovereign and territorial rights from the sultan of Brunei, expanding the territory under control to the Putatan river.
December 1884: The Padas district was acquired by North Borneo.
March 1885: The Kawang river area is acquired by North Borneo.
May 1888: North Borneo was made a British protectorate in 1888.
January 1891: From 1890, Labuan came to be administered by the North Borneo Chartered Company.
April 1898: Additional minor Padas territories were added to North Borneo in march 1898.
January 1905: Labuan and six smaller islands (Burung, Daat, Kuraman, Papan, Rusukan Kecil, and Rusukan Besar) became again a separate British Colony in 1904.
July 1946: Labuan and six smaller islands (Burung, Daat, Kuraman, Papan, Rusukan Kecil, and Rusukan Besar) conquered by great britain.
July 1946: The Crown Colony of North Borneo was established in 1946 shortly after the dissolution of the British Military Administration in the area.
September 1963: Malaysia was formed on September 16, 1963, when the Federation of Malaya united with the Crown Colonies of Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah), and Sarawak. This was part of the decolonization process in Southeast Asia.
Disestablishment
September 1963: Malaysia was formed on September 16, 1963, when the Federation of Malaya united with the Crown Colonies of Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah), and Sarawak. This was part of the decolonization process in Southeast Asia.
Selected Sources
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.15
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.16
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