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The cluster includes all the form of Macedonia during antiquity up to the annexation of Macedonia by the Romans.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Kingdom of Macedonia
Kingdom of Macedonia (Persia)
Kingdom of Macedonia (Dardania)
Kingdom of Cassander
Antigonid Macedonia
Establishment
January 807 BC: According to tradition, the Kingdom of Macedonia was founded at the beginning of the eighth century B.C. by the mythical king Carano.
January 807 BC: Expansion of Macedonia by 808 BC.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Expansion of Macedonia under King Philip II.
January 357 BC: The following year (358 BC), Philip heard that the Paionian king, Agis, had died. Taking advantage of their political disarray and transition of power, Philip marched his army into Paionia, where he defeated the Paionians. He then compelled the tribe to swear allegiance to Macedon. Macedonian northwestern frontier enlarged as far as Lake Lynkcesta.
January 357 BC: Battle of Erigon Valley: took place in 358 BC between the Dardanians under Bardyllis and the Macedonians under Philip II. Macedonian northwestern frontier enlarged as far as Lake Lynkcesta (Lake Ohrid).
January 357 BC: Expansion of Macedonia by 358 BC.
January 355 BC: In 356 BC Philip of Macedon campaigned in Thrace, capturing the town of Krinides.
January 355 BC: Krenides was close to Mount Pangaion with its rich gold veins and to another Thasian colony, Datos. The two colonies provoked the Thracians but at the same time gave Philip II of Macedon the justification for penetrating the area and founding Philippi in 356 BC
January 355 BC: Pydna, a city in ancient Macedonia, was captured by Philip II of Macedon in either 357 or 356 BC through treachery. This event marked an important conquest for Philip as he expanded his kingdom's territory.
January 355 BC: Philip II handed Potidea over to the Olynthians.
January 355 BC: According to Plutarch, an army under Parmenion defeated the Illyrian king Grabos in 356 BC, shortly after the conclusion of the siege of Potidea. Grabos then became a subject ally of Macedon.
January 355 BC: Crenides was close to Mount Pangaion with its rich gold veins and to another Thasian colony, Datos. The two colonies provoked the Thracians but at the same time gave Philip II of Macedon the justification for penetrating the area and founding Philippi in 356 BC.
January 355 BC: Galepsos (Thrace) was destroyed 356 BC by Philipp II of Macedon.
January 355 BC: Philip II of Macedonia conquered Oisyme in 356 BC.
January 355 BC: Pistyros was destroyed by Philipp II of Macedon in 356 BC.
January 355 BC: Sirra was destroyed by Philipp II of Macedon in 356 BC.
January 355 BC: It remained formally independent from the kingdom of Macedonia in 356 BC.
January 355 BC: Expansion of Macedonia by 356 BC.
January 355 BC: Myrkinos was destroyed 356 BC by Philipp II of Macedon.
January 355 BC: Berga was destroyed by Philipp II of Macedon in 356 BC.
January 355 BC: Apollonia (Thrace) was destroyed 356 BC by Philipp II of Macedon.
January 355 BC: Phagres was destroyed by Philipp II of Macedon in 356 BC.
January 355 BC: In 356 BC, Philip II besieged and captured Potidea.
January 354 BC: Philip II defeated the Odrysiand and reduced them to the status of a subject ally.
January 354 BC: By 355 BC, Elimiotis was part of the Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 353 BC: During the 355-354 BC siege of Methone, Philip II lost his right eye to an arrow wound, but managed to capture the city.
January 352 BC: Methone was besieged by the Macedonian king Philip II, who thereby lost his eye by an arrow (354/3 BC). After their surrender King Philip allowed the inhabitants to leave the city.
January 351 BC: In 352 BC Phillip II besieged the city of Heraion Teichos. Athens decided to send a fleet of forty triremes and to levy sixty talents in order to help the city, but the fleet never set sail. Only later a much smaller fleet of ten ships and money of five talents were sent. But Philip captured the city.
January 351 BC: The Thracian tribe of the agrianes, neighbors of Paioia, and their king, Langarus, appear from 352 BC as allies of Philip II.
January 350 BC: In 352/1 BC, Perinthos, Byzantion, and Amadokos formed an alliance with Philip II of Macedonia. Perinthos was a city in Thrace, Byzantion was an ancient Greek city, and Philip II was the king of Macedonia.
January 350 BC: In -351 BC, Daminon Teichos was part of the territory that went to the Kingdom of Macedonia. During the same period, Perinthos, Byzantion, and Amadokos formed an alliance with Philip II of Macedonia.
January 350 BC: In 352/1 BC, the city of Perinthos, along with Byzantion and Amadokos, formed an alliance with Philip II of Macedonia. This alliance was significant as it strengthened Philip II's influence in the region and allowed for greater cooperation between the city-states.
January 349 BC: Some scholars date from 350 BC the Macedonian direct control of Tymphaea, another border area between Epirus and Macedon.
January 349 BC: Around 350 BC, Philip II of Macedon took Neapolis.
January 349 BC: Drys was taken by Macedon around 350 BC.
January 349 BC: Bergepolis was taken by Macedon around 350 BC.
January 349 BC: Ainos was taken by Macedon around 350 BC.
January 349 BC: Around the year 350 BC, Philip II of Macedonia occupied the port of Abdera.
January 349 BC: Sale was taken by Macedon around 350 BC.
January 349 BC: Stryme was taken by Macedon around 350 BC.
January 349 BC: Dikaia (Thrace) was taken by Macedon around 350 BC.
January 349 BC: Zone was taken by Macedon around 350 BC.
January 349 BC: Mesambria (Thrace) was taken by Macedon around 350 BC.
January 349 BC: Maroneia was taken by Macedon around 350 BC.
January 349 BC: Kypsela was taken by Macedon around 350 BC.
January 343 BC: Larissa was taken by the Thebans and later directly annexed by Philip II of Macedon in 344 BC.
January 343 BC: In around 344 BC, Hypata came under Macedonian rule.
January 343 BC: In around 344 BC, the city of Hypata, located in Thessaly, Greece, came under the rule of the Kingdom of Macedonia, led by King Philip II. This marked an expansion of Macedonian influence in the region.
January 341 BC: In 342 BC, Philip II of Macedonia conquered a Thracian city in modern-day Bulgaria, which was then renamed Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv). This strategic move expanded the territory of the Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 341 BC: Expansion of Macedonia by 342 BC.
January 339 BC: In 340 BC the Macedonians took over the island of Skyros.
January 339 BC: The Kingdom of Amadocus in Thrace is conquered by Philip II of Macedon. Thrace was not transformed into a Macedonian province, but was put under the loose control of a Strategos.
January 338 BC: The year 339 BC proved a culminating year for the Second Scythian Kingdom, and the beginning of its decline. The war with Philip II of Macedon ended in a victory for Philip (the father of Alexander the Great).
January 337 BC: It was eventually ceded to Philip in 338 BC.
January 337 BC: In 338 BC it was besieged by Philip II of Macedon. With the assistance of Corinth and Athens, it escaped complete domination at Philip's hands, but was nevertheless forced to accept a Macedonian garrison.
January 337 BC: Panormos was conquered by the Kingdom of Macedon (338-146 BC).
January 337 BC: Peparethos was conquered by the Kingdom of Macedon (338-146 BC).
January 335 BC: Pandosia was conquered in -336 by Philip II of Macedonia.
January 335 BC: The territory referred to is the city of Thebes, which was conquered in -336 from Philip II of Macedonia by his son, Alexander the Great. This event marked the end of Theban independence and its incorporation into the Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 335 BC: Ikos passed to the dominance of Macedonia the following century, following the Greek conquests of King Philip II.
1.1.Macedonian conquest of the Paeonian Kingdom
Was the military campaign of Macedonia king Philip II against the Paeonian Kingdom.
January 357 BC: Macedonian king Perdiccas's succeeded in 358 BC with a campaign deep into the north, into Paeonia itself. This reduced the Paeonian kingdom (then ruled by Agis) to a semi-autonomous, subordinate status, which led to a process of gradual and formal Hellenization of the Paeonians.
1.2.Third Sacred War
Was fought between the forces of the Delphic Amphictyonic League, principally represented by Thebes, and latterly by Philip II of Macedon, and the Phocians.
January 351 BC: After the Battle of the Crocus Fields, the Thessalians appointed Philip of Macedon as a protector of Thessaly.
January 347 BC: The empty territory bordering Macedonia and Thessaly was probably controlled by Macedonia.
January 347 BC: Anthemous was given by Philip of Macedon to the Olynthians.
January 346 BC: Elateia (Phokis) was destroyed in 480 BC and reappeared around 346 BC.
January 346 BC: Dioikismos (dispersion of the inhabitants) of Phlygonion caused by the invasion by Macedonian forces.
January 346 BC: Abai was occupied a second time by the Boeotians in the Sacred or Phocian War in 346 BC.
January 346 BC: Antikyra was destroyed in 346 BC by Philip II of Macedon amid the Third Sacred War.
January 346 BC: Charadra was destroyed in 480 BC and reappeared around 346 BC.
January 346 BC: Daulis was destroyed in 480 BC and reappeared around 346 BC.
January 346 BC: Drymos was destroyed in 480 BC and reappeared around 346 BC.
January 346 BC: Erochos was destroyed in 480 BC and reappeared around 346 BC.
January 346 BC: Hyampolis was destroyed in 480 BC and reappeared around 346 BC.
January 346 BC: Dioikismos (dispersion of the inhabitants) of Lilaia caused by the invasion by Macedonian forces.
January 346 BC: Dioikismos (dispersion of the inhabitants) of Medeon caused by the invasion by Macedonian forces.
January 346 BC: Parapotamioi was destroyed in 480 BC and reappeared around 346 BC.
January 346 BC: Phanoteus was destroyed in 480 BC and reappeared around 346 BC.
January 346 BC: Dioikismos (dispersion of the inhabitants) of Stiris caused by the invasion by Macedonian forces.
January 346 BC: Teithronion was destroyed in 480 BC and reappeared around 346 BC.
January 346 BC: Dioikismos (dispersion of the inhabitants) of Ledon caused by the invasion by Macedonian forces.
January 346 BC: Neon/Tithorea was destroyed in 480 BC and reappeared around 346 BC.
January 346 BC: Dioikismos (dispersion of the inhabitants) of Troneia caused by the invasion by Macedonian forces.
July 346 BC: Following the first Athenian embassy to Macedon, Philip went on campaign against Kersebleptes. Details of the campaign are scarce, but it seems that Philip easily captured the Thracian treasury on the "Sacred Mountain". Then, rather than deposing Kersebleptes, he made him a subject ally.
July 346 BC: Philip II made a truce with Phalaikos (ruler of Phocis) on 19 July. Phalaikos surrendered Phocis to Macedon, in return for being allowed to leave.
January 345 BC: Philip II of Macedon controlled the city of Nicaea, near Thermopylae, since 346 BC.
January 345 BC: By the end of 346 BC Philip II of Macedon left the territories occupied in Phocis.
January 345 BC: Some time after its inhabitants were dispersed during the Third Sacred War, the city of Medeon began to be resettled and came back into existence.
January 345 BC: Serrion Teichos was one of the fortresses conquered by Philip II in 346 BC.
January 345 BC: Some time after its inhabitants were dispersed during the Third Sacred War, the city of Lilaia began to be resettled and came back into existence.
January 345 BC: Teithronion was destroyed in 480 BC.
January 345 BC: Some time after its inhabitants were dispersed during the Third Sacred War, the city of Stiris began to be resettled and came back into existence.
January 345 BC: Some time after its inhabitants were dispersed during the Third Sacred War, the city of Troneia began to be resettled and came back into existence.
January 345 BC: Some time after its inhabitants were dispersed during the Third Sacred War, the city of Phlygonion began to be resettled and came back into existence.
January 345 BC: Phanoteus was destroyed in 480 BC.
January 345 BC: Parapotamioi: Destroyed in 480 BC.
January 345 BC: Neon/Tithorea: Destroyed in 480 BC.
January 345 BC: Some time after its inhabitants were dispersed during the Third Sacred War, the city of Ledon began to be resettled and came back into existence.
January 345 BC: Hyampolis: Destroyed in 480 BC.
January 345 BC: Erochos: Destroyed in 480 BC.
January 345 BC: Elateia (Phokis) was destroyed in 480 BC, but reappeared around 346 BC.
January 345 BC: Drymos was destroyed in 480 BC, but reappeared around 346 BC.
January 345 BC: Daulis was destroyed in 480 BC, but reappeared around 346 BC.
January 345 BC: Charadra was destroyed in 480 BC, but reappeared around 346 BC.
January 345 BC: Reconstruction of Antikyra.
January 345 BC: The Polis of Abai was destroyed in 480 BC during the Greco-Persian Wars. It was later reestablished around 346 BC.
1.2.1.Olynthian War
Was a war between the Kingdom of Macedon and the Chalkidian League.
June 348 BC: Philip II seems to have methodically worked his way around the 32 cities of the League, leaving Olynthos to the end. By the spring of 348 BC, the western part of Chalkidiki had been lost.
October 348 BC: By September the siege was over, and the Chalkidian league had been annihilated.
November 348 BC: The same fate awaited the other Chalkidian cities that had not submitted to him. Philip then incorporated Chalkidike into the Macedonian state.
1.2.2.Peace of Philocrates
The Peace of Philocrates aknowledged the territorial conquests of Macedonia in Phocis and Thrace.
January 345 BC: On July 19, Philip II of Macedon made a truce with Phalaikos, the ruler of Phocis. As part of the agreement, Phalaikos surrendered the region to Macedonia.
1.3.Philip II's campaign in Greece (Fourth Sacred War)
Was the military campaign of Macedonia king Philip II in Greece during the Fourth Sacred War.
April 339 BC: The Thebans seized the town of Nicaea near Thermopylae.
August 338 BC: Philip II of Macedon advanced into Boeotia in an attempt to march on Thebes and Athens.
August 338 BC: Athenai was subjugated by Philip II.
August 338 BC: The Island of Limnos is conquered by Macedonia.
January 337 BC: The battle of Chaeronea (338 BC) was fought in 338 BC, in Boeotia, between Macedonia under Philip II and an alliance of city-states led by Athens and Thebes. The battle ended with a decisive victory of the Macedonians. Philip had no intention of conquering any territory and soon the Macedonian armies left southern Greece. After the battle, Macedon established hegemony over the majority of Southern Greece (except Sparta).
January 337 BC: Seleinous was conquered by the Kingdom of Macedon (338-146 BC).
Were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states.
2.1.Second Persian invasion of Greece
Was an unsuccesful military campaign waged by Achaemenid King Xerxes I that sought to conquer all of Greece.
June 480 BC: Having crossed into Europe in April 480 BC, the Persian army began its march to Greece.
September 479 BC: The Battle of Plataea was the final land battle between the Achaemenid Empire and the Greek Poleis during the second Persian invasion of Greece. The Persian infantry proved no match for the heavily armoured Greek hoplites, and the Spartans broke through to General Mardonius's bodyguard and killed him. The Persian force thus dissolved and 40,000 troops managed to escape to Thessaly. The Persians also left territories occupied in Kingdom of Macedonia (Persia).
2.2.Greek reconquests after the Second Persian Invasion of Greece
The final defeat of the Persians at Mycale during the Second Persian Invasion of Greece encouraged the Greek cities of Asia to revolt, and the Persians lost all of their territories in Europe.
January 478 BC: The Kingdom of Macedonia regained independence following the defeat and withdrawal of the Achaemenid Empire in 479 BC.
Was a war between Athens and the Kingdom of Macedonia that preceded the Peloponnesian War of 431-404 BC.
January 432 BC: King Perdiccas II retaliated against Athens by supporting the rebellion of their allies in Chalcidice. As a result, he was able to gain control of the strategic city of Potidaea in -433.
January 432 BC: The Athenian Empire captured the Macedonian cities Therma and Beroea.
January 430 BC: Macedonian conquest of Ichnai.
January 430 BC: Sitalces was a Thracian king who brokered a peace treaty in -431 between Athens and Potidaea, a city in Chalcidice. As a result of the treaty, much of Chalcidice's territory was ceded to the Athenian Empire.
January 430 BC: Macedonian conquest of Edessa.
January 430 BC: Macedonian conquest of Kyrrhos.
January 430 BC: Therma was returned to Macedonia.
Was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world.
January 429 BC: Herakleion passed into Athenian control in the years 430/29, 425/4.
January 428 BC: Herakleion conquered by Macedon.
January 424 BC: Platamon passed into Athenian control.
January 423 BC: Platamon conquered by Macedonia.
January 412 BC: After Athenian alliance with Perdiccas II in 413 BC it became again a city of Macedon.
January 409 BC: King Archelaus I of Macedonia besieged the city by Pydna.
Mygdonia was conquered by Macedonia in the V Century BC.
January 399 BC: Mygdonia was conquered by Macedonia in the Vth Century BC.
Was a war between Sparta and the Chalcidian League.
January 399 BC: The Macedonian capital of Pella fall into the hands of the Chalcidicean League's forces.
January 378 BC: As a result of the Olynthian War, the Chalkidiki League was dissolved by Sparta, and most of the cities of Chalkidike and the Chalkidiki League came under the sovereignty of the Macedonian king Amyntas III.
Was a conflict in ancient Greece which pitted Sparta against a coalition of city-states comprising Thebes, Athens, Corinth and Argos, backed by the Achaemenid Empire.
January 361 BC: The Macedonian king Perdiccas succeeded in 362 BC ultimately to establish Macedonia as the protecting power of the city.
Was a war between the Second Athenian League and the allied city-states of Chios, Rhodes, Cos and Byzantion.
January 356 BC: King Philip II of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great, used the war as an opportunity to further the interests of his Macedonian kingdom in the Aegean region. In 357 BC, Philip captured Amphipolis.
January 356 BC: Traïlos: assumed to be conquered at the same time of Amphipolis.
January 355 BC: Both Pydna and Potidaea were conquered over the winter and occupied by Macedonia.
January 355 BC: In 356 BC, Philip II of Macedon took the city of Crenides, refounding it as Philippi.
In 336 BC Philip II of Macedon was authorized by the League of Corinth as its Hegemon to initiate a sacred war of vengeance against the Persians for desecrating and burning the Athenian temples during the Second Persian War, over a century before.
January 335 BC: In 336 BC Philip II of Macedon was authorized by the League of Corinth as its Hegemon to initiate a sacred war of vengeance against the Persians for desecrating and burning the Athenian temples during the Second Persian War, over a century before.
Were a series of conquests that were carried out by Alexander III of Macedon (known as Alexander "The Great") from 336 BC to 323 BC. Alexander conquered the Persian Empire and also expanded his kingdom into the Indian Subcontinent.
January 331 BC: Naukratis was integrated into the Macedonian Empire.
10.1.Alexander's Balkan campaign
Was a campaign waged by Alexander the Great in the Balkan against a number of rebellious vassals of the Macedonian kingdom.
June 335 BC: Shortly before the battle of Pelion in -335, the city of Pelion was occupied by the Dardani, a Illyrian tribe. The battle took place between the Dardanian forces and the Macedonian army led by King Philip II of Macedon.
September 335 BC: Siege of Pelium.
January 334 BC: In 335 BC, Alexander the Great, the king of Macedonia, defeated the Thracian tribe of the Triballi at Haemus Mons and along the Danube. This victory led to the surrender of the Triballi on Peuce Island.
January 334 BC: Odessos surrendered to Alexander the Great in 335 BC.
10.2.Alexander's War in Persia
Were the military campaigns by Alexander the Great King of Macedon in the territories of the Achaemenid Empire.
10.2.1.Conquest of the Achaemenid Empire
Was a military campaign by Alexander the Great King of Macedon in Asia that resulted in the conquest of the Achaemenid Empire.
June 334 BC: Troy conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
June 334 BC: Battle of the Granicus.
July 334 BC: Ephesus conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 334 BC: Sardes conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 334 BC: Siege of Miletus.
October 334 BC: Siege of Halicarnassus.
January 333 BC: Phaselis conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 333 BC: Lycia conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
February 333 BC: Perge conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
February 333 BC: Termessos conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
May 333 BC: Gordion conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
October 333 BC: Tarsus conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
November 333 BC: Soli conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
November 333 BC: Battle of Issus. Alexander the Great decisively defeats the Persian army of Darius.
December 333 BC: Alexandretta or Alexandria near Issus conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: Aspendos conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: Side conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: Kelainai (near Dinar, Turkey) in Pisidia conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: The various kingdoms of Cyprus became allies of Alexander following his victorious campaigns at Granicus (334 BC) and Issus (333 BC).
January 332 BC: Aradus Island conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: Cydnos River conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: Cilician Gates conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: Ankyra (Ankara, Turkey) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
February 332 BC: Sidon (Lebanon), Phoenicia, conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
February 332 BC: Byblos (40 km north of Beirut, Lebanon) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 332 BC: Siege of Tyre. The city fell to the Macedonians.
November 332 BC: Siege of Gaza. The city fell to the Macedonians.
January 331 BC: Damascus conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 331 BC: Jerusalem conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 331 BC: Pelusium (Port Said, Egypt) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
February 331 BC: Memphis conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
February 331 BC: Foundation of Alexandria.
March 331 BC: Siwa conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 331 BC: Harran conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 331 BC: Edessa, or Urhai (Urfa, Turkey), conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 331 BC: Tigris conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 331 BC: Thapsacus (Tipsah) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
October 331 BC: Battle of Gaugamela. Alexander's decisive victory leading to the collapse of the Persian Empire.
November 331 BC: Babylon conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
November 331 BC: Arbela (Arbil/Irbil, Iraq) in Mesopotamia conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 330 BC: Susa conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 330 BC: Alep conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 330 BC: Battle of the Persian Gate.
February 330 BC: Persepolis conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 330 BC: Caspian Gates (between modern Eyvanakey and Aradan or Tehran and Semnan, Iran, Media/Parthia border) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 330 BC: Rhagae (Rey, Iran) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 330 BC: Deh Bid Pass conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 330 BC: Ecbatana (Hamadan, Iran) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 330 BC: Alexander's detour from modern Semnan to the Dasht-e-Kavir desert ―Parthia.
August 330 BC: Thara is the city where the Persian king Darius III was killed. Although Alexander appeared as the Achaemenid ruler, there is no doubt that the Achaemenid Empire had come to an end at the latest with the assassination of Darius by the satrap Bessos (330 BC).
January 329 BC: Pasargad conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
10.2.2.Campaigns of Alexander the Great against the Achaemenid rebel Satrapies
Were a series of military campaign by Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, in the regions of the Achaemenid Empire that had become de facto independent after the collapse of the Empire.
August 330 BC: Hecatompylos conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 330 BC: Zadracarta conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
September 330 BC: Hyrcanian campaign.
October 330 BC: Artacoana conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
October 330 BC: Susia conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
November 330 BC: Phrada and Alexandria Prophthasia (Farah, Afghanistan) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 329 BC: Nisa-Alexandroupolis (probably Bagir Village, 18 km southwest of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 329 BC: Alexandria and whole Egypt including Cyrenaica conquered by Rashidun Caliphate.
May 329 BC: Ortospana and Kabura conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
May 329 BC: Cophen River conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
May 329 BC: Kapisa, Alexandria in the Caucasus conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
June 329 BC: Bactra conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
June 329 BC: Khawak Pass (leading from Badakhshan to Panjshir valley, 100 km northeast of Kabul, Afghanistan) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
June 329 BC: Drapsaca conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
June 329 BC: The Kambojas entered into conflict with Alexander the Great as he invaded Central Asia.
June 329 BC: Foundation of Alexandria Tarmita (Termez/Termiz, Uzbekistan) - Sogdia (or Transoxiana).
June 329 BC: Oxus River conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 329 BC: Maracanda conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 329 BC: Nautaca conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 329 BC: Fergana Valley conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 329 BC: Jaxartes River conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
November 329 BC: Territories north of the Jaxartes River are conquered by the Kingdom of Macedonia.
December 329 BC: Bactra conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
December 329 BC: Tribactra conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 328 BC: Kingdom of Kapisa conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 328 BC: Alexander the Great founded the city of Alexandria in Arachosia (modern-day Ghazni, Afghanistan) as part of his conquests in the region.
June 328 BC: Foundation of Alexandria Oxiane (perhaps modern-day Ai Khanum).
December 328 BC: Sogdian campaigns and attack of the Sogdian settlements in the Gissarskiy Range.
January 327 BC: Nautaca conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 327 BC: Alexandria in Margiana was founded by Craterus and refounded by Antiochus I and called Antiochia.
April 327 BC: Siege of the Sogdian Rock or Rock of Sisimithres (where Oxyartes and Roxana were located).
December 327 BC: Shang-La Pass, Pakistan, conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 326 BC: Cophen River conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
June 326 BC: The Rebel Achaemenid Satrapies are conquered by the Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 325 BC: Modern Hund, Pakistan, conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
10.3.Alexander's War in India
After conquering the Achaemenid Persian Empire, the Macedonian army undertook an expedition into the Indian subcontinent.
June 326 BC: Battle of Hydaspes River against Purava king Porus. Alexander the Great annexed large areas of the Punjab region from the Hydaspes to the Hyphasis (the entire Purava reign of Porus).
August 326 BC: In 326 BC, its king Puru (Por) was defeated by the Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great in the Battle of Hydaspes.
January 325 BC: The King of Patala came to Alexander and surrendered. Alexander let him keep possession of his own dominions, with instructions to provide whatever was needed for the reception of the army.
March 325 BC: Mallian Campaign against the Malli of the Punjab. Alexander was defining the eastern limit of his power by marching down-river along the Hydaspes to the Acesines (now the Jhelum and Chenab), but the Malli and the Oxydraci combined to refuse passage through their territory. Alexander sought to prevent their forces meeting, and made a swift campaign against them which successfully pacified the region between the two rivers.
Military campaign of Chandragupta Maurya, founder of the Mauryan Empire.
January 322 BC: The Maurya Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya, with help from Chanakya, at Taxila, a noted center of learning.
January 316 BC: The Greek generals Eudemus and Peithon ruled in the Indus Valley until around 317 BC, when Chandragupta Maurya (with the help of Chanakya, who was now his advisor) orchestrated a rebellion to drive out the Greek governors, and subsequently brought the Indus Valley under the control of his new seat of power in Magadha.
January 316 BC: Expansion of the Magadha Kingdom until 317 BC.
Were a series of conflicts that were fought between the generals of Alexander the Great, known as the Diadochi, over who would rule his empire following his death.
12.1.Lamian War
Was a war fought by a coalition of cities including Athens and the Aetolian League against Macedon and its ally Boeotia. The war broke out after the death of the King of Macedon, Alexander the Great, and was part of a series of attempts to challenge Macedonian hegemony over mainland Greece.
January 321 BC: In 323 BC, Euphron the Younger, grandson of the tyrant Euphron, reintroduced democracy in Sikyon. However, the city was soon conquered by the Macedonians during the Lamian War, leading to the territory being incorporated into the Kingdom of Macedonia in -322.
12.2.Conquest of Cappadocia
Was a Macedonian military campaign against the Kingdom of Cappadocia that was still controlled by the Achaemenid ruler Ariarthes I.
April 322 BC: Eumenes conquered the province of Cappadocia Cappadocia, which was still held by the Persian prince Ariarathes I.
12.3.Second War of the Diadochi
Was the conflict between the coalition of Polyperchon (as regent of the Macedonian Empire), Olympias and Eumenes and the coalition of Cassander, Antigonus, Ptolemy and Lysimachus following the death of Cassander's father, Antipater (the old regent).
September 318 BC: Eumenes is allowed to withdraw from Nora and immediately allies himself with Polyperchon. Eumenes occupies Phenicia and builds a fleet.
September 318 BC: Polyperchon, the new Regent of the Empire, who decided to march his army south to force the Greek cities to side with him against Cassander and Antigonus.
November 318 BC: Eumenes secured the loyalty of 6,000 of Alexander's veterans, the Argyraspides and the Hypaspists, who were stationed in Cilicia.
September 317 BC: From Athens Polyperchon marched on Megalopolis which had sided with Cassander and besieged the city. The siege failed and he had to retreat losing a lot of prestige and most of the Greek cities.
November 317 BC: Polyperchon retreated to Epyrus and along with Olympia was able to reinvade Macedonia.
April 316 BC: Cassander's victory: Olympias surrenders and is executed; Alexander IV Aigos and Roxane are placed under house arrest, Polyperchon retreats to the Peloponnese.
November 316 BC: Antigonus bribed the Argyraspides who arrested and handed over Eumenes. Antigonus had Eumenes and a couple of his officers executed. With Eumenes's death, the war in the eastern part of the Empire ended.
12.3.1.Consolidation of the borders after the Second War of the Diadochi
Were a series of events and military operations after the Second war of the Diadochi that led to the consolidation of the borders between the successor states of the Macedonian Empire.
April 315 BC: Lysimachus controlled Thrace.
April 315 BC: Antigonus controlled Asia Minor and the eastern provinces.
April 315 BC: Ptolemy controls Egypt, Syria, Cyrene and Cyprus.
April 315 BC: Cassander controlled Macedon and large parts of Greece.
April 315 BC: The kings of Cyprus, including Praxippos of Lapithos and Kyrenia, the Poumiaton of Kition and Stasioikos of Marion, allied themselves with Antigonus.
January 314 BC: Ptolemy sent military support to his allies, providing troops under the command of Seleucus and Menelaus. Lapithos-Kyrenia was occupied after a siege and Marion capitulated. Diodorus Siculus tells us that Amathus was forced to provide hostages, while Kition was laid siege to in about 315 BC.
12.4.Third War of the Diadochi
Was a war between Macedonian Generals that saw Ptolemy, Lysimachus and Cassander fight against Antigonus.
April 314 BC: Ptolemy, Lysimachus and Cassander were unwilling to see Antigonus reign whole Asia, thus formed an alliance against him. Antigonos marched into Pheonicia and besieged Tyre.
September 314 BC: Antigonus conquered Joppa and Gaza.
November 314 BC: Cyprus conquered by Ptolemaic Kingdom.
January 313 BC: Creation of the Nesiotic League under the auspices of Antigonus Monophthalmus of Macedon in c. 314/3 BC.
January 313 BC: In 314 BC, King Cassander of Macedon took the city of Stratos.
January 313 BC: Death of Peithon, who was one of the Diadochi. Media fell under the rule of Macedonian general Seleucus.
September 313 BC: Antigpnos conquers Tyros.
September 313 BC: Aristodemus wins the Aitolians as allies and drives Alexander from the Peloponnese.
November 313 BC: Demetrios is appointed governor in Syria.
September 312 BC: Ptolemaic march in Chalkis, Oropos, Attica, Boeotia and Locris.
October 312 BC: Ptolemy (the nephew of general of Antigonus I Monophthalmus) marches through Chalkis and Oropos, as well as Attica, Boeotia and Locris freeing these regions from the occupation of the Ptolemaic Kingdom.
November 312 BC: Battle of Gaza: Ptolemy defeats Demetrios.
January 311 BC: By the end of the 4th century BC, Drangiana was part of the Seleucid Empire.
April 311 BC: Antigonus marches into Syria, Ptolemy retreats to Egypt.
12.5.Consolidation of the borders after the Third War of the Diadochi
Were a series of events and military operations after the Third war of the Diadochi that led to the consolidation of the borders between the successor states of the Macedonian Empire.
January 299 BC: Philip V of Macedon seized Zakynthos in the early 3rd century BC.
January 295 BC: Supported by Ptolemy, Pyrrhos regains control of Epiros.
January 293 BC: In 294 BC, after forty-three years of semi-autonomy under Macedonian suzerainty, Ambracia was given by the son of Cassander to Pyrrhus, king of Epirus.
January 293 BC: Pyrrhus, King of Epirus, after Pyrrhus took control of the border region of Ambracia.
January 293 BC: Cassander died in 298 BC, and his sons, Antipater and Alexander, proved weaklings. After quarreling with his older brother, Alexander V called in Demetrius who invaded, killed Alexander, and seized control of Macedon for himself.
January 293 BC: While Demetrius consolidated his control of mainland Greece, his outlying territories were invaded and captured by Lysimachus, who recovered western Anatolia.
January 293 BC: Cyprus came once again under Ptolemaic control in 294 BC.
January 293 BC: Seleucus took most of Cilicia.
January 292 BC: Demetrios (Antigonid Dynasty) occupies Thrace.
February 292 BC: Demetrios (Antigonid Dynasty) leave Thrace.
January 291 BC: Pyrrhus marches through Thessaly to Thermopylae.
February 291 BC: Counter-offensive against Pyrrhus by Antigonid ruler Demetrius, who conquers Boeotia and passes through Epirus.
January 289 BC: Demetrius I of Macedon conquers Thebes. The city was put under siege by King Demetrius I of Macedon after it had revolted against Macedonian rule.
January 288 BC: Thebes was occupied by Demetrius of Macedon after a revolt. The Macedonian army left Thebes after executing a few leaders of the rebellion.
12.6.Babylonian War
Was a conflict fought in 311-309 BC between Antigonus I Monophthalmus and Seleucus I Nicator, ending in a victory for Seleucus.
June 311 BC: The Babylonian War was a conflict fought between the Diadochi kings Antigonus I Monophthalmus and Seleucus I Nicator. Seleucus, reinforced with Macedonian veterans from Harran, reached his former capital Babylon. He was soon recognized as the new ruler.
December 311 BC: Antigonus' satraps in Media and Aria, Nicanor and Euagoras, now decided to intervene with an army of 10,000 infantry and 7,000 horsemen, but Seleucus and an army of 3,000 infantry and 400 cavalry had been waiting for them near the Tigris since September. By hiding his men in one of the marshes and attacking by night, Seleucus was able to defeat the Macedonian soldiers in the army of Nicanor and Euagoras, after which the Iranian soldiers decided to side with the ruler of Babylonia.
June 310 BC: News of the defeat of Nicanor and Euagoras must have reached Antigonus at about the time of his signing the Peace of the Dynasts (December 311 BC). He ordered his son Demetrius Poliorcetes to restore order; he arrived in the early spring of 310 BC.
June 310 BC: Seleucus drives Demetrios out of Babylon.
September 310 BC: The forces of general Antigonus leave Babylon.
November 310 BC: Without any problems, Seleucus could move through the Zagros Mountains, occupy Ecbatana (the capital of Media), and continue to Susa (the capital of Elam). He now controlled southern Iraq and the greater part of Iran.
April 309 BC: Antigonos is repulsed from Babylon.
January 308 BC: The victor now moved to the east and reached the Indus valley, where he concluded a treaty with Chandragupta Maurya. The Mauryan emperor received the eastern parts of the Seleucid Empire, which included Afghanistan, Pakistan and west India, and gave Seleucus a formidable force of five hundred war elephants.
12.7.Fourth War of the Diadochi
Was a war between Macedonian generals that saw Ptolemy, Lysimachus and Cassander fight against Antigonus and Demetrios.
September 308 BC: Ptolemy seizes Sicyon and Corinth.
January 307 BC: In 308 the Nesiotic League was freed by Ptolemy I of Egypt.
January 307 BC: When the Macedonian commander Alexander was murdered in Sicyon in 314 BC, his wife Cratesipolis took control of the city and ruled it for six years, until she was induced by king Ptolemy I to hand it over to the Egyptians.
April 306 BC: Battle of Salamis: Demetrios defeats Ptolemy by land and sea and conquers Cyprus.
April 304 BC: Military offensive of Cassander in Aetolia and in Athens.
September 304 BC: Demetrios (Antigonid Dynasty) liberates Chalkidiki, Boeotia, and Aetolia.
January 302 BC: In 303 BC Sicyon was conquered by Demetrius Poliorcetes.
November 302 BC: Pyrrhus of Epirus was dethroned by Cassander of Macedonia.
November 302 BC: Cassander's offensive in Thessaly against Demetrios.
January 301 BC: But now Cassander called in aid from his allies, and Anatolia was invaded by Lysimachus.
January 301 BC: Demetrius forced to leave Thessaly.
April 301 BC: Ptolemy annexes Coile-Syria.
September 301 BC: Battle of Ipsos: Antigonus falls, Seleucus annexes Syria and Cappadocia, Lysimachus annexes Hellespont, Phrygia and Ionia. Cilicia went to Cassander's brother Pleistarchus (as an indipendent reign). Demetrius, retained control of Cyprus, the Peloponnese, and many of the Aegean islands, as well as the Aegean coast.
12.8.Fifth War of the Diadochi
Was a war between Macedonian Generals that saw Ptolemy, Lysimachus and Seleucus fight against Demetrios.
January 286 BC: The Nesiotic League in Macedonia was under the control of the Antigonid dynasty until around 287 BC. At that time, it came under the rule of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, which was founded by Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander the Great's generals.
January 285 BC: Demetrius was ultimately captured by Seleucus, drinking himself to death two years later. Lysimachus and Pyrrhus divided the Kingdom between them.
12.9.Consolidation of the borders after the Fifth War of the Diadochi
Were a series of events and military operations after the Fifth war of the Diadochi that led to the consolidation of the borders between the successor states of the Macedonian Empire.
January 284 BC: Pyrrhos was a Greek general and statesman who ruled the Kingdom of Epirus. Antigonos Gonatas was a Macedonian nobleman and king of Macedonia. Lysimachus was a general and successor of Alexander the Great, ruling over Thrace and parts of Asia Minor. In -285, Lysimachus defeated Pyrrhos and Antigonos Gonatas, annexing Macedonia to his own kingdom.
Were military confrontations between the Antigonid Dynasty, one of the successors of the Macedonian Empire, and the Nabataean Kingdom.
January 311 BC: Antigonus appointed one of his officers, Athenaeus, to attack the Nabataeans. Athenaeus marched with 4000 men and 600 horsemen into Petra.
February 311 BC: The macedonians were expelled by "an 8,000 Nabataean camel cavalry force".
Was a war of succession that happened in the Bosporan Kingdom somewhere between 311 and 308 BCE and lasted for about a year.
January 309 BC: In 310-309 BC King Aripharnes took part in the Bosporan Civil War.
The Gauls invaded Macedonia and, after defeating and killing its King Ptolomeus Keraunos, took control of the region.
January 276 BC: Antigonus II Gonatas defeated the Gauls at the Battle of Lysimachia and the survivors retreated, founding a short-lived city-state named Tyle.
Was a war fought by a coalition of Greek city-states and Ptolemaic Egypt against Antigonid Macedonian domination.
January 266 BC: The Macedonia rule in Sikyon ended, probably around the start of the Chremonidean War in 267 BC.
Were a series of wars fought by the Roman Republic in Illyria (the Adriatic coast of the Balkanic Peninsula) first to eradicate piracy and then to conquer the region.
17.1.First Illyrian War
Was a war fought by the Romans in Illyria mainly against the Ardiaean Kingdom.
January 249 BC: The Ardiaean Kingdom originated in the III Century BC.
Were a series of six wars between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, successor states to Alexander the Great's empire, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC mainyl over the region then called Coele-Syria.
18.1.Third Syrian War
Was one of the wars between the Seleucid Kingdom and the Ptolemaic Kingdom over the domain in the Levant.
January 245 BC: Ptolemaic forces conquered several cities of the coast of Propontic Thrace during the Third Syrian War around 246 BC.
January 244 BC: Defeated at the Battle of Andros sometime between 258 and 245 BC, the Ptolemies ceded the Cyclades to Macedonia.
Was a war fought between Sparta and the Achaean League for the control of the Peloponnese.
January 221 BC: Antigonus III Doson of Macedon leaves Sparta having militarly occupied the city for a short time.
January 221 BC: After the Cleomenean War in -222, the whole territory of Sparta was taken over by Sparta. This war was fought between Sparta, led by King Cleomenes III, and the Achaean League. The conflict resulted in Sparta gaining control over its own territory once again.
19.1.Spartan Domination of the Peloponnese
Was a Spartan campaign in the Peloponnese.
January 225 BC: In 226 BC, the citizens of Mantinea appealed to Cleomenes to expel the Achaeans from the city. One night, he and his troops crept into the citadel and removed the Achaean garrison before marching off to nearby Tegea.
19.2.Macedonian intervention
Was a Macedonian military campaign against Sparta during the Cleomenean war.
January 224 BC: Antigonus sent 1,500 men under the command of Aratus to sail to Epidaurus and, from there, he marched to Argos.
January 222 BC: Cleomenes of Sparta conquers Megalopolis.
January 222 BC: In the early spring of 223 BC, Antigonus advanced upon Tegea. He was joined there by the Achaeans and together they laid siege to it. The Tegeans held out for a few days before being forced to surrender by the Macedonians' siege weapons.
January 222 BC: Antigonus of Macedonia proceeded to capture Mantinea, Heraea, and Telphusa, which confined Cleomenes to Laconia.
September 222 BC: The Battle of Sellasia took place during the summer of 222 BC between Macedon and the Achaean League, led by Antigonus III Doson, and Sparta under the command of King Cleomenes III. The battle was fought at Sellasia on the northern frontier of Laconia and ended in a Macedonian-Achaean victory. Antigonus' army occupied Sparta.
Was an internal conflict fought from around 220 BC to about 216 BC between two coalitions of Cretan city-states, led by Cnossus and Polyrrhenia respectively.
January 215 BC: In 220 BC Crete was tormented by a war between two coalitions of cities. As a result, the Macedonian king Philip V gained hegemony over the island.
Were a seris of conflicts between the Roman Republic and Antigonid Macedonia over control of Greece and the eastern Mediterranean Basin. .
21.1.First Macedonian War
Was a war fought by Rome, allied (after 211 BC) with the Aetolian League and Attalus I of Pergamon, against Philip V of Macedon, contemporaneously with the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) against Carthage. There were no decisive engagements, and the war ended in a stalemate.
January 212 BC: Lissos was besieged and successfully taken by King Philip V of Macedon.
21.1.1.Macedonian Attack in Illyria
Was a military campaign led by Philip V of Macedon in Illyria during the first Macedonian War.
September 214 BC: In the late summer of 214 BC, Philip of Macedon attempted a new invasion of Illyria by sea, with a fleet of 125 bireme lembi. He first besieged Apollonia, then went up the Aoo (today's river Voiussa), and even attacked Oricum, which he occupied without encountering any difficulties.
January 213 BC: Roman general Levinus set off with the fleet and army towards Oricum, managing to conquer the city after a brief battle against the garrison left by Philip V of Macedon.
January 211 BC: Philip of Macedon finally managed to gain access to the Adriatic by capturing the city of Lissus and its citadel.
21.1.2.Campaign of Laevinus in Greece
Was a Roman military campaign in Greece led by Marcus Valerius Laevinus during the first Macedonian War.
January 209 BC: A treaty was signed by the Romans with the Aetolians in 211 BC. The territories conquered by the Romans in Greece would go to them. Roman general Laevinus took possession of Zakynthos.
January 209 BC: The Macedonian king probably took Phalara.
January 207 BC: The Macedonians took Thronium, followed by Tithronium and Drymaea north of the Cephissus river, at that point controlling all of Locris.
January 207 BC: Philip of Macedon managed to destroy Thermos, the capital of the Aetolians (207 BC).
January 207 BC: Macedonian conquest of Oreus.
January 207 BC: In 208 BC the Roman fleet, made up of 35 ships from Pergamon and 25 Roman ships, failed to conquer Lemnos, but instead occupied and plundered the hinterland of the island of Peparethos, present-day Skopelos.
January 204 BC: After another season of fighting, in 206 BC, the members of the Aetolian League surrendered and, without the consent of Rome, signed a separate peace on the terms imposed on them by Philip of Macedon. With no more allies in all of Greece, but having nonetheless achieved their objective of preventing Philip from helping Hannibal, the Romans were now willing to sign peace. A treaty was signed at Phoenix in 205 BC, the so-called Peace of Phoenix, thus ending the First Macedonian War.
21.2.Second Macedonian War
Was a war fought by Rome, allied with the Kingdoms of Pergamons and Rhodes, against Antigonid Macedonia.
January 203 BC: In 205 BC. Ptolemy IV Pharaoh of Egypt died, leaving his six-year-old son Ptolemy V Epiphanes on the throne. Philip V of Macedonia and Antiochus III the Great, king of the Seleucid Empire, decided to exploit the young pharaoh's weakness by stipulating a secret pact which promised the Macedonian king hegemony in the Aegean and Antiochus hegemony over Coele-Syria, Cilicia, the Phenicia and Palestine. Philip first focused on the Greek city-states in Thrace and the Dardanelles area. His advance in the area, with the conquest of Cio, alarmed Rhodes and Pergamum.
January 203 BC: In the last years of the 3rd century, Macedonia under king Philip V began a renewed expansion to the east, exploiting the weakness of the Ptolemies after the death of Ptolemy IV.
January 197 BC: In -198, the Roman general Flaminino launched a military campaign against King Philip V of Macedon in the regions south of Thessaly. The campaign was successful, with Philip being forced to retreat to Thessaly as a result of Flaminino's aggressive tactics.
January 196 BC: After the Battle of Cynoscephalae, the Nesiotic League passed to Rhodes.
January 196 BC: The Romans defeated the Macedonians a first time in the battle of Aous and a second time, in June 197 BC, in the subsequent battle of Cynocephalus. At that point Philip V was forced to negotiate peace with Rome. Philip was forced to accept the withdrawal of the Macedonian troops from the newly conquered cities in Thrace and Asia Minor, and to abandon all of Greece.
January 195 BC: At the end of Second Macedonian War in 196 BC, Rome established Thessaly as a koinon, Federal League, and cultivated its development to make it part of hegemonic powers of central and northern Greece.
21.3.Third Macedonian War
Was a war fought by Rome against Antigonid Macedonia. The war was won by Rome, and Macedonia was divided in four client states of Rome.
January 170 BC: Perseus marched to the land of the Perrhaebi in the northernmost district of Thessaly and seized all the main towns north of the River Peneus, which crosses northern Thessaly: Cyretiae, Mylae, Elatia and Gonnus.
January 169 BC: Epirus, on the west coast of Greece, went over to the Macedonians.
June 169 BC: In -169, Quintus Marcius, a Roman military commander, led a daring expedition into Macedon through the challenging terrain of the Olympus range. This feat demonstrated his strategic prowess and bravery in the service of the Roman Republic.
January 168 BC: Perseus moved to the land of the Penestae (in southern Illyria) and went on to Stubera.
June 168 BC: Nigdelis, P. III. Roman Macedonia (168 BC-AD 284). Pp.51-53
Was fought by King Philip V of Macedon, the Aetolian League, many Cretan cities (of which Olous and Hierapytna were the most important) and Spartan pirates against the forces of Rhodes and later Attalus I of Pergamum, Byzantium, Cyzicus, Athens, and Knossos.
January 204 BC: Philip handed these cities over to his brother-in-law, the King of Bithynia, Prusias I.
January 204 BC: Philip captured and razed Cius as well as its neighbour Myrleia.
January 200 BC: The Macedonians captured Thyatira.
January 200 BC: Philip Macedon seized the cities of Iasos, Bargylia, Euromus and Pedasa in quick succession.
January 200 BC: Philip of Macedon seized the city of Myus and gave it to the Magnesians.
January 200 BC: He took the island of Samos from Ptolemy V.
January 199 BC: The macedonian hegemenoy over Crete lasted to the end of the Cretan War (205-200 BC).
January 199 BC: The Ptolemaic Kingdom was captured by Philip V of Macedon in 200 BC.
January 199 BC: With the support of pirates, Philip V of Macedon of Macedon takes control of the Cyclades.
January 199 BC: The city of Skyathos was destroyed by Philip V of Macedon in 200 BC.
January 199 BC: In -200, the Macedonians, led by King Philip V of Macedon, advanced on the Thracian Chersonese and captured several cities including Perinthus, Sestos, Elaeus, Alopeconnesus, Callipolis, and Madytus. This expansion of territory was part of Philip V's efforts to strengthen his control over the region.
January 199 BC: Philip attacked and occupied the cities in Thrace which still belonged to Ptolemy, Maroneia, Cypsela, Doriscus, Serrheum and Aemus.
January 199 BC: Rhodes annexed eastern Crete.
Were a series of succesful military campaigns by Antiochus III to expand Selecuid territories in Asia Minor.
23.1.Conquest of territories of Pergamon
Was a military campaign led by Antiochus III the Great against the Kingdom of Pergamon.
January 197 BC: Taking advantage of the Second Macedonian War between Rome and Philip V, Antiochos led an ambitious policy which led him to intervene in Asia Minor and Thrace with the intention, it seems, of restoring the empire of Seleucus. It clashes with the kingdom of Pergamum from 198 BC and occupies the territories taken by Attale I in Achaios, without Eumenes II being able to intervene. He also got along with Prusias of Bithynia, to whom he offered a portion of Phrygia.
23.2.Conquest of the territories in Asia minor up to the the Hellespont
Was a military campaign led by Seleucid ruler Antiochus III the Great that resulted in conquests up to the Hellespont.
January 196 BC: In the spring of 197, Seleucid ruler Antiochos III reached the Hellespont and then occupied the Straits, subjugating the Greek cities that were autonomous or formerly under Antigonid authority. He made Ephesus his main naval base in the Aegean Sea. In Ionia its successes are more limited: Miletus and Magnesia of the Meander remain independent.
23.3.Conquest of Thracia
Was a succesful military campaign led by Seleucid ruler Antiochus III in Thrace.
January 195 BC: Seleucid ruler Antiochus conquered Thrace.
Was a military conflict between two coalitions led by the Roman Republic and the Seleucid Empire. The fighting ended with a clear Roman victory. In the Treaty of Apamea, the Seleucids were forced to give up Asia Minor, which fell to Roman allies.
January 191 BC: Seleucid Invasion of Greece up to the Thermopylae.
January 190 BC: The Roman general Marcus Fulvius Nobilior finally conquered Zakynthos in 191 BC for Rome.
January 190 BC: Athamania is conquered by the Macedonians.
24.1.Treaty of Apamea
Was a peace treaty conducted in 188 BC between the Roman Republic and Antiochus III, ruler of the Seleucid Empire. It ended the Roman-Seleucid War.
January 187 BC: King Amynander returns and frees Athamania from the Macedonians.
January 187 BC: The Romans sent an army to Greece which defeated Antiochus' army at Thermopylae. This defeat proved crushing, and the Seleucids were forced to retreat from Greece.
January 731 BC: According to Plutarch, Methone was founded as a Greek colony in the year 733/732 BC.
January 699 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Kalindoia is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 699 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Stolos/Skolos is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 699 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Strepsa is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 699 BC: The polity of Gonnos was established during classical times - earliest date due to mixed information (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 699 BC: The excavations at Leibethra reveal that the acropolis was inhabited from the 8th century BC.
January 630 BC: In the VII Century Leibethra and this part of Pieria were conquered by the Makedonians.
January 599 BC: Ichnai was a greek polis in ancient Makedonia from 600 BC.
January 599 BC: Kyrrhos was a polis already in the IV Century BC.
January 599 BC: Therme was a Greek city founded by Eretrians or Corinthians in late 7th century BC.
January 599 BC: Pydna: assumed to be founded in similar times to other cities.
January 599 BC: Europos was a greek polis in ancient Makedonia. Assumed to be founded in similar times to other cities.
January 599 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Edessa is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 510 BC: In 512/511 BC, the Persian general Megabyzus forced the Macedonian king Amyntas I to make his kingdom a vassal of the Achaemenids.
January 500 BC: Foundation of the polis of Stagiros. Based on numismatic evidence.
January 499 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Herakleia (Mygdonia) is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 499 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Sindos is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 499 BC: The Greek Polis of Arethousa is established.
January 499 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Lete is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 499 BC: The year of foundation of the polity of Chalestre is based on peer group of similar polities in the same region (Phersu Atlas assumption).
January 498 BC: Achaemenid Persian hegemony over Macedonia was briefly interrupted by the Ionian Revolt (499-493 BC).
January 491 BC: In 492 BC, following the Ionian Revolt, the Persian general Mardonius firmly re-tightened the Persian grip in the Balkans.
January 420 BC: Heracleium passed under Athenian control.
January 398 BC: After Archelaus's death, the inhabitants of Pydna moved back to their old seaside site.
January 391 BC: Bardylis, king of the Dardanian Kingdom, defeated Macedonians and Molossians several times. At this time they were strong enough to rule Macedonia through a puppet king in 392-391 BC.
January 390 BC: Bardylis, a powerful king of the Dardanian Kingdom, defeated the Macedonians and Molossians multiple times. As a result, they were able to exert control over Macedonia by installing a puppet king in 392-391 BC. This period marked a significant shift in power dynamics in the region.
January 355 BC: Philip II handed Potidea over to the Olynthians.
January 329 BC: Pandosia conquered by Epirus.
January 322 BC: A smalle (northern) region, which had been the sub-satrapy of Matiene, became Media Atropatene under Atropates, the former Achaemenid governor of all Media, who had by then become father-in-law of Perdiccas, regent of Alexander's designated successor.
January 322 BC: In 323 BC, Alexander the Great annexed Calindea and three neighboring territories to the kingdom of Macedonia.
January 322 BC: During the reign (336-323 BC) of Alexander the Great, son of Philip II, Byzantium was forced to recognize Macedonian suzerainty, but it regained its independence under the successors of Alexander the Great.
January 322 BC: Both parties eventually reached a settlement, restricting Seuthes to the interior and Lysimachus to the coastal regions of the Aegean and Black Sea. There is no evidence for Lysimachus vassalizing Seuthes.
January 301 BC: Pharnavaz, victorious in a power struggle, became the first king of Iberia (c.302- c.237 BC).
January 300 BC: The Europaians are recorded in the Argive list of contributors (practically a list of vassals) from around the IV Century BC.
January 272 BC: c. 273 BC the Aetolian League expanded to Hypata.
January 251 BC: Stratos fell to the Aetolians.
January 251 BC: Cassander was an antigonid king.
January 251 BC: Antiochus II campaigned in the Thracian interior in around 252 BC.
January 245 BC: Ptolemaic forces conquered several cities of the coast of Propontic Thrace during the Third Syrian War around 246 BC.
January 229 BC: In 230 BC, the Kingdom of Dardania, under the leadership of King Longarus, successfully captured the city of Bylazora from the Paionians. This conquest marked a significant territorial expansion for the Kingdom of Dardania in the region.
January 229 BC: Dropion: last known Paeonian king in 230 BC, of a dwindling kingdom.
January 216 BC: When Philip V rose to the Macedonian throne. The skirmishing with Dardani began in 220-219 BC and he managed to capture Bylazora from them in 217 BC.
January 208 BC: In 209 BC, a force of Dardani led by Aeropus, a claimant to the Macedonian throne, seized control of Lychnidus and plundered Macedonia. This event marked a significant shift in power dynamics within the region, as the Kingdom of Dardania expanded its territory at the expense of Macedonia.
February 208 BC: In 209 BC, a force of Dardani led by Aeropus, a pretender to the Macedonian throne, captured Lychnidus and looted Macedonia. This event occurred during the period of the Antigonid dynasty in the Kingdom of Macedonia, a time marked by political instability and power struggles.
January 199 BC: In the 3rd century BC, colonies on the Dobrujan coast paid tribute to the basilei Zalmodegikos and Moskon, who probably also ruled northern Dobruja.
January 182 BC: The Macedonians defeated the Odrysians and other local tribes and conquered Philipopolis.
January 181 BC: The Odrysians, a Thracian tribe ruled by King Teres III, reconquered Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
January 180 BC: While in 181, Philip was still climbing the Haemus in northern Thrace, his Thracian empire collapsed with his death two years later.
January 178 BC: While in 181, Philip was still climbing the Haemus in northern Thrace, his Thracian empire collapsed with his death two years later.
Disestablishment
January 168 BC: Perseus moved to the land of the Penestae (in southern Illyria) and went on to Stubera.
June 168 BC: Nigdelis, P. III. Roman Macedonia (168 BC-AD 284). Pp.51-53
Selected Sources
Assumption: most of the Chalcidian cities aren't citied after the Olynthian war, so we interpret the dissolution of the League with most of the Chalcidian Peninsula falling into the sphere of influence of Macedon.
Buckley, T. (1996): Aspects of Greek History, 750-323 BC: A Source-based Approach, Psychology Press, p. 330
Cawkwell, G. (1978): Philip II of Macedon, London (UK), p. 142
Cawkwell, G. (1978): Philip II of Macedon, London (UK), pp. 147-166
Detorakis, T. (1994): History of Crete, Iraklion, p. 74
Detorakis, T. (1994): History of Crete, Iraklion, pp. 76-80
Hansen, M. G. / Nielsen, T. H. (2004): An inventory of archaic and classic polities, Oxford University Press, pp. 1363-1364
Hansen, M. G. / Nielsen, T. H. (2004): An inventory of archaic and classic polities, Oxford University Press, pp. 1382-1389
Herodotus, The Histories, IX.66
Herodotus, The Histories, VII.25
Piganiol, A. (1989): Le conquiste dei romani, Milan (Italy), p. 236
Piganiol, A. (1989): Le conquiste dei romani, Milan (Italy), p. 237
Polybius, The Histories, IV 53–55
Polybius: The Histories, VIII, 15-16
Reger, G. (1994): The Political History of the Kyklades 260–200 B.C., Historia. 43 (1): 33.
Schwartzberg,J. E. (1992): A Historical Atlas of South Asia, Minneapolis (USA), Plate III.B.4b (p.18) and Plate XIV.1a-c (p.145).
Spence, I. (2002): Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare, Scarecrow Press, p. LIII
Titus Livius: Ab Urbe Condita, XXVIII, 5
Titus Livius: Ab Urbe Condita, XXIV, 40.1-3
Titus Livius: Ab Urbe Condita, XXIV, 40.4-6
Titus Livius: Ab Urbe Condita, XXVIII, 8.
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, pp.37-39
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, pp.40-42
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, pp.43-45
Xenophon. Greek History, V, 2, 13
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macedonia (antiquity)
