Wars of Alexander the Great
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Were a series of conquests that were carried out by Alexander III of Macedon (known as Alexander "The Great") from 336 BC to 323 BC. Alexander conquered the Persian Empire and also expanded his kingdom into the Indian Subcontinent.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
January 331 BC: Naukratis was integrated into the Macedonian Empire.
Was a campaign waged by Alexander the Great in the Balkan against a number of rebellious vassals of the Macedonian kingdom.
June 335 BC: Shortly before the battle of Pelion in -335, the city of Pelion was occupied by the Dardani, a Illyrian tribe. The battle took place between the Dardanian forces and the Macedonian army led by King Philip II of Macedon.
September 335 BC: Siege of Pelium.
January 334 BC: Odessos surrendered to Alexander the Great in 335 BC.
September 335 BC: After breaching the walls, Alexander's forces killed 6,000 Thebans, took 30,000 inhabitants as prisoners of war, and burned the city to the ground as a warning that convinced all other Greek states except Sparta not to challenge Alexander again.
January 334 BC: In 335 BC, Alexander the Great, the king of Macedonia, defeated the Thracian tribe of the Triballi at Haemus Mons and along the Danube. This victory led to the surrender of the Triballi on Peuce Island.
June 335 BC: Conquered in Spring 335 BC to Summer 335 BC.
Were the military campaigns by Alexander the Great King of Macedon in the territories of the Achaemenid Empire.
2.1.Conquest of the Achaemenid Empire
Was a military campaign by Alexander the Great King of Macedon in Asia that resulted in the conquest of the Achaemenid Empire.
June 334 BC: Troy conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
June 334 BC: Battle of the Granicus.
August 334 BC: Siege of Miletus.
October 334 BC: Siege of Halicarnassus.
January 333 BC: Phaselis conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
February 333 BC: Termessos conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
February 333 BC: Perge conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
October 333 BC: Tarsus conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
November 333 BC: Soli conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
November 333 BC: Battle of Issus. Alexander the Great decisively defeats the Persian army of Darius.
January 332 BC: Aspendos conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: Side conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: Kelainai (near Dinar, Turkey) in Pisidia conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: Ankyra (Ankara, Turkey) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: Cilician Gates conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: Cydnos River conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: Aradus Island conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 332 BC: The various kingdoms of Cyprus became allies of Alexander following his victorious campaigns at Granicus (334 BC) and Issus (333 BC).
February 332 BC: Byblos (40 km north of Beirut, Lebanon) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
February 332 BC: Sidon (Lebanon), Phoenicia, conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 332 BC: Siege of Tyre. The city fell to the Macedonians.
November 332 BC: Siege of Gaza. The city fell to the Macedonians.
January 331 BC: Damascus conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 331 BC: Jerusalem conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 331 BC: Pelusium (Port Said, Egypt) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 331 BC: Rhodes became part of the rapidly growing Macedonian Empire as Alexander the Great swept through and defeated the Persians in 332 BC, to the great relief of the islands' inhabitants.
February 331 BC: Memphis conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 331 BC: Harran conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 331 BC: Edessa, or Urhai (Urfa, Turkey), conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 331 BC: Tigris conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
October 331 BC: Battle of Gaugamela. Alexander's decisive victory leading to the collapse of the Persian Empire.
November 331 BC: Arbela (Arbil/Irbil, Iraq) in Mesopotamia conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
November 331 BC: Babylon conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 330 BC: Alep conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 330 BC: Susa conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
February 330 BC: Persepolis conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 330 BC: Deh Bid Pass conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 330 BC: Rhagae (Rey, Iran) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 330 BC: Alexander's detour from modern Semnan to the Dasht-e-Kavir desert ―Parthia.
August 330 BC: Thara is the city where the Persian king Darius III was killed. Although Alexander appeared as the Achaemenid ruler, there is no doubt that the Achaemenid Empire had come to an end at the latest with the assassination of Darius by the satrap Bessos (330 BC).
January 329 BC: Pasargad conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
May 333 BC: Gordion conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
March 331 BC: Siwa conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
February 331 BC: Foundation of Alexandria.
January 331 BC: After ending the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great tried to rule Cappadocia through one of his military commanders. But Ariarathes, a Persian aristocrat, somehow became king of the Cappadocians, establishing an independent kingdom.
December 333 BC: Alexandretta or Alexandria near Issus conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 330 BC: Battle of the Persian Gate.
July 330 BC: Ecbatana (Hamadan, Iran) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 330 BC: Caspian Gates (between modern Eyvanakey and Aradan or Tehran and Semnan, Iran, Media/Parthia border) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 334 BC: Ephesus conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 333 BC: Lycia conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 331 BC: Thapsacus (Tipsah) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 334 BC: Sardes conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
2.2.Persian Conquest of Lesbos
Was a Persian military expedition tha resulted in the conquest of the island of Lesbos.
January 333 BC: When Alexander the Great started the conquest of the Persian Empire, the Persian fleet managed to conquer Lesbos.
January 333 BC: The Persian fleet managed to conquer Lesbos.
2.3.Campaigns of Alexander the Great against the Achaemenid rebel Satrapies
Were a series of military campaign by Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, in the regions of the Achaemenid Empire that had become de facto independent after the collapse of the Empire.
August 330 BC: With the death of Achaemenid ruler Darius III the eastern provinces became de facto indipendent.
June 328 BC: Foundation of Alexandria Oxiane (perhaps modern-day Ai Khanum).
August 330 BC: The Macedonian Empire did never control the Kushite region, south of Egypt, which reverted to an independent Kingdom.
August 330 BC: Zadracarta conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
September 330 BC: Hyrcanian campaign.
October 330 BC: Susia conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 329 BC: Nisa-Alexandroupolis (probably Bagir Village, 18 km southwest of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
May 329 BC: Ortospana and Kabura conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
May 329 BC: Cophen River conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
June 329 BC: Khawak Pass (leading from Badakhshan to Panjshir valley, 100 km northeast of Kabul, Afghanistan) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
June 329 BC: Drapsaca conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
July 329 BC: Maracanda conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 329 BC: Jaxartes River conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
December 329 BC: Bactra conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 328 BC: Alexander the Great founded the city of Alexandria in Arachosia (modern-day Ghazni, Afghanistan) as part of his conquests in the region.
January 328 BC: Kingdom of Kapisa conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 327 BC: Alexandria in Margiana was founded by Craterus and refounded by Antiochus I and called Antiochia.
June 326 BC: The Rebel Achaemenid Satrapies are conquered by the Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 325 BC: Modern Hund, Pakistan, conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 327 BC: Nautaca conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
November 329 BC: Territories north of the Jaxartes River are conquered by the Kingdom of Macedonia.
December 328 BC: Sogdian campaigns and attack of the Sogdian settlements in the Gissarskiy Range.
April 327 BC: Siege of the Sogdian Rock or Rock of Sisimithres (where Oxyartes and Roxana were located).
August 329 BC: Fergana Valley conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
August 330 BC: Hecatompylos conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
November 330 BC: Phrada and Alexandria Prophthasia (Farah, Afghanistan) conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
June 329 BC: Bactra conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
June 329 BC: Oxus River conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
October 330 BC: Artacoana conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 329 BC: Alexandria and whole Egypt including Cyrenaica conquered by Rashidun Caliphate.
May 329 BC: Kapisa, Alexandria in the Caucasus conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
June 329 BC: The Kambojas entered into conflict with Alexander the Great as he invaded Central Asia.
June 329 BC: Foundation of Alexandria Tarmita (Termez/Termiz, Uzbekistan) - Sogdia (or Transoxiana).
July 329 BC: Nautaca conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
December 329 BC: Tribactra conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
December 327 BC: Shang-La Pass, Pakistan, conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
January 326 BC: Cophen River conquered by Kingdom of Macedonia.
After conquering the Achaemenid Persian Empire, the Macedonian army undertook an expedition into the Indian subcontinent.
June 326 BC: Battle of Hydaspes River against Purava king Porus. Alexander the Great annexed large areas of the Punjab region from the Hydaspes to the Hyphasis (the entire Purava reign of Porus).
January 325 BC: The King of Patala came to Alexander and surrendered. Alexander let him keep possession of his own dominions, with instructions to provide whatever was needed for the reception of the army.
March 325 BC: Mallian Campaign against the Malli of the Punjab. Alexander was defining the eastern limit of his power by marching down-river along the Hydaspes to the Acesines (now the Jhelum and Chenab), but the Malli and the Oxydraci combined to refuse passage through their territory. Alexander sought to prevent their forces meeting, and made a swift campaign against them which successfully pacified the region between the two rivers.
August 326 BC: In 326 BC, its king Puru (Por) was defeated by the Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great in the Battle of Hydaspes.
Selected Sources
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, pp.37-39
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, pp.40-42
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, pp.43-45
