Alchon Huns

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The Alchon Huns occupied Bactria circa 370 CE.

Establishment

January 371: During the reign of Shapur II, the Sasanian Empire and the Kushano-Sasanians gradually lost the control of Bactria to the Alchon Hun invaders from Central Asia. The Alchon Huns occupied Bactria circa 370 CE, where they started minting coins.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Independence of Roman centers in Dalmatia

Several important cities in Dalmatia became factually independent after the end of the Western Roman Empire.

January 481: The Alchon Huns, also known as the Hephthalites, were a nomadic people who invaded the region of Sindh in 480 CE. They were a powerful Central Asian tribe known for their military prowess and conquests in the region.

2. Hephthalite-Sasanian War of 484

Was a military confrontation that took place in 484 between an invading force of the Sasanian Empire under the command of Peroz I and a smaller army of the Hephthalite Empire under the command of Khushnavaz. The battle was a catastrophic defeat for the Sasanian forces and resulted in the creation of the state of the Nezak Huns, as well as the conquest of several territories by the Hephtalites.

January 485: The Nezak Huns established their realm in 484, after the defeat and death of the Sasanian King of Kings (shahanshah) Peroz I against the Hephthalites.

3. Military campaigns of Yashodharman

Were a series of military campaigns by Yashodharman, ruler of the Second Aulikara dynasty, that resulted in the conquest (albeit short-lived) of most of the Indian Subcontinent.

January 531: Yashodharman conquered much of the Indian subcontinent between c. 530-540 CE according to Mandsaur pillar inscription.

January 541: Yashodharman's short-lived empire disintegrated between 530 and 540 CE.

January 543: Finally however, Mihirakula was defeated in 528 by an alliance of Indian principalities led by Yasodharman, the Aulikara king of Malwa, in the battle of Sondani in Central India, which resulted in the loss of Alchon possessions in the Punjab and north India by 542.

4. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

January 389: Alchon Huns conquered Kabulistan.

January 451: The Hephthalites became a significant political entity in Bactria around 450 CE.

January 471: Between 460 and 470 CE, the Alchons took over Gandhara and the Punjab which also had remained under the control of the Kidarites.

January 471: In 470, the Hephtalite Empire, led by their ruler Khingila, conquered the territories of Balkh and eastern Kushanshahr from Persia. This marked a significant expansion of the Hephtalite Empire's power in the region.

January 490: The Rai Dynasty (c. 489-632 AD) was a kingdom during the Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Sindh, later part of Pakistan. The dynasty at its height ruled much of the Northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent. The influence of the Rai's extended from Kashmir in the east, Makran and Debal port (modern Karachi) in the west, Surat port in the south, and the Kandahar, Sulaiman, Ferdan and Kikanan hills in the north. It ruled an area of over 1,553,993 km2, and the dynasty reigned a period of 143 years.

January 501: Toramana was a powerful ruler of the Alchon Huns who invaded and sacked the city of Kausambi in 497-500. Following this conquest, the Alchon Huns moved to occupy the territory of Malwa in 500.

January 501: In the 480's the Alchon Huns under Toramana and Mihirakula broke through the Gupta defences in the northwest, and much of the empire in the northwest was overrun by the Huns by 500.

January 511: A decisive battle occurred in Malwa, where a local Gupta ruler, probably a governor, named Bhanugupta was defeated, so that the western Gupta province of Malwa fell into the hands of the Hunas.

January 529: The Huns were defeated and driven out of India in 528 by King Yashodharman from Malwa, and possibly Gupta emperor Narasimhagupta.

January 543: Not all reconquered regions were taken over by the Aulikaras.

January 566: The Tokhara Yabghus occupied the area north of the Oxus (Transoxonia, Sogdiana) following the destruction of the Hephthalites in 557-565 CE by the Sasanian Empire.

Disestablishment

January 601: The Kingdom of Kapisa was a state located in what is now Afghanistan during the late 1st millennium CE. In around 600 CE, the Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang made a pilgrimage to Kapisa, and described there the cultivation of rice and wheat, and a king of the Suli tribe.

January 601: Around the end of the 6th century CE, the Alchons withdrew to Kashmir and, pulling back from Punjab and Gandhara, moved west across the Khyber pass where they resettled in Kabulistan.