Caesar
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Were the territories controlled by Caesar during the Civil War between him and Pompeius.
Establishment
January 49 BC: In January, 49 BC, Caesar's opponents in the Senate, led by Lentulus, Cato and Scipio, tried to strip Caesar of his command and force him to return to Rome as a private citizen (liable to prosecution). On January 10, 49 BC, commanding the Legio XIII, Caesar crossed the Rubicon River, the boundary between the province of Cisalpine Gaul to the north and Italy proper to the south. As crossing the Rubicon with an army was prohibited, that triggered the ensuing civil war between Caesar and Pompey.
March 49 BC: Pompey's flight to Epirus (in Western Greece) with most of the Senate.
July 49 BC: Caesar's arrival in Hispania, where he was able to seize the Pyrenees passes defended by the Pompeian L. Afranius and M. Petreius.
August 49 BC: Pompeians in Ilerda (today in Spain) surrendered to Caesar.
September 49 BC: Caesar's siege of Massilia against the Pompeian Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a Civil War in the Roman Republic between the two powerful generals Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. The war was won by Caesar who became dictator of Rome.
January 48 BC: In -48, Julius Caesar landed at Dyrrhachium during the Roman Civil War against Pompey. Dyrrhachium was a strategic port city in Illyria (modern-day Albania) where Caesar and his forces clashed with Pompey's army.
July 48 BC: Battle of Dyrrhachium: Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat by Pompey in Macedonia.
August 48 BC: Caesar retreats to Thessaly.
August 48 BC: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus.
June 47 BC: Caesar defeated Pharnaces II of Pontus, king of the Bosporus in the Battle of Zela.
February 46 BC: Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio and Juba in the Battle of Thapsus. .
March 45 BC: In his last victory, Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the younger in the Battle of Munda. Pompey the younger was executed, and Labienus died in battle, but Sextus Pompey escaped to take command of the remnants of the Pompeian fleet.
Disestablishment
March 45 BC: In his last victory, Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the younger in the Battle of Munda. Pompey the younger was executed, and Labienus died in battle, but Sextus Pompey escaped to take command of the remnants of the Pompeian fleet.
Selected Sources
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, p.69
