Kalhora dynasty (Mughal Empire)
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Was a semi-autonomous dynasty of the Mughal Empire that ruled the Sindh region in Pakistan.
Establishment
January 1702: Kalhora dynasty were assigned to hold authority in Sindh by the Mughal Grand Vizier Mirza Ghazi Beg and later formed their own independent dynasty. Their domain included lower and higher Sindh including the key cities of Hyderabad, Khairpur, Mirpur Khas, and Tando Muhammad Khan.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Expansion during the rule of Aurangzeb in the Mughal Empire.
Expansion during the rule of Nader Shah of the Afsharid Dynasty.
2.1.Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire
Was the invasion of India by the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah.
January 1739: Nader used the pretext of his Afghan enemies taking refuge in India to cross the border and invade the militarily weak but still extremely wealthy far eastern empire. In a brilliant campaign against the governor of Peshawar, he took a small contingent of his forces on a daunting flank march through nearly impassable mountain passes, and took the enemy forces positioned at the mouth of the Khyber Pass completely by surprise, decisively beating them despite being outnumbered two-to-one. This led to the capture of Ghazni, Kabul, Peshawar, Sindh and Lahore.
January 1720: In 1719, an army of Marathas marched to Delhi after defeating Sayyid Hussain Ali, the Mughal governor of Deccan, and deposed the Mughal emperor. The Mughal Emperors became puppets in the hands of their Maratha overlords from this point on.
January 1728: Bahawalpur state was founded in 1727 AD by Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi, who was a descendant of the Abbasid Caliphs. He established the state after breaking away from the Durrani Empire, establishing a prosperous and independent kingdom in the region.
Disestablishment
January 1739: Nader used the pretext of his Afghan enemies taking refuge in India to cross the border and invade the militarily weak but still extremely wealthy far eastern empire. In a brilliant campaign against the governor of Peshawar, he took a small contingent of his forces on a daunting flank march through nearly impassable mountain passes, and took the enemy forces positioned at the mouth of the Khyber Pass completely by surprise, decisively beating them despite being outnumbered two-to-one. This led to the capture of Ghazni, Kabul, Peshawar, Sindh and Lahore.
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