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Was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China.
Establishment
January 36 BC: According to the 12th-century Samguk sagi and the 13th-century Samgungnyusa, a prince from the Buyeo kingdom named Jumong fled after a power struggle with other princes of the court and founded Goguryeo in 37 BC in a region called Jolbon Buyeo, usually thought to be located in the middle Yalu and Tongjia River basin.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Military invasion of Goguryeo by the Kingdom of Dongbuyeo.
January 7: Daeso was a military leader from the Eastern Buyeo kingdom who led a large army into Goguryeo. However, he was forced to retreat due to heavy snowfall, which made it difficult for his troops to continue their advance.
February 7: Daeso was a military leader of the Han Dynasty who invaded the Goguryeo Kingdom with a large army. However, he was unable to conquer Goguryeo due to the harsh winter conditions, forcing him to retreat with his troops.
January 14: In 13 AD, Daeso, a prince of Eastern Buyeo, invaded Goguryeo. Muhyul, the crown prince of Goguryeo, organized a successful ambush that resulted in the slaughter of Daeso's army.
February 14: In 13 AD, Daeso, a prince of the Han Dynasty, invaded Goguryeo. Muhyul, the crown prince of Goguryeo, led a successful ambush against Daeso's army, resulting in the slaughter of most of his troops. This victory solidified Muhyul's reputation as a skilled military leader.
Was a series of invasions of the Korean Kingdom of Goguryeo from 244 to 245 launched by Cao Wei, one of the major Chines dynasties during the Three Kingdoms period.
January 245: Cao Wei captured Hwando.
July 245: King Dongcheon had returned to the abandoned capital of Hwando after the Wei army retreated homeward.
Were a series of military campaigns by Former Qin, a Chinese polity during the Sixteen Kingdoms Era, that led to the conquest of northern China.
January 382: By 381, Former Qin emperor Fu Jian had united all of North China under his control.
Were a series of military campaigns by Northern Wei, a Chinese polity during the Northern and Southern dynasties Era, that led to the conquest of northern China.
January 440: The Northern Wei Dynasty unified northern China in 439.
Were a series of invasions launched by the Sui dynasty of China against Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
5.1.First Goguryeo-Sui War
First invasion launched by the Sui dynasty of China against Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
January 599: Sui emperor Yangdi attacked the Korean borders in 598.
February 599: The Koreans successfully managed to repel the forces of Sui.
March 599: Liao River area annexed to the Sui Dynasty.
5.2.Second Goguryeo-Sui War
Second invasion launched by the Sui dynasty of China against Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
January 613: When the general of the Sui Dynasty arrived in Pyongyang, the Koreans set up an ambush.
January 613: Yeongyang abandoned the buffer zone it had acquired after the 598 war, as that zone was unsuitable for facing a large army. The troops retreated behind Goguryeo to what is now known as the Liao River.
January 613: The Sui navy reached Daedong River Bay before the army. Seeing that the hostile army still did not show up, Lai Huni decided to send a contingent of soldiers to the capital. When the soldiers arrived in Pyongyang, they found it deserted and began to loot it.
5.3.Third Goguryeo-Sui War
Third invasion launched by the Sui dynasty of China against Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
January 614: In 613, Emperor Yangdi of the Sui Dynasty attempted a second invasion of the Goguryeo border region but was once again defeated and forced to retreat without achieving his objectives. This marked a victory for the Goguryeo Kingdom and its ruler, King Yeongyang.
February 614: In 613, Emperor Yangdi of the Sui Dynasty attempted a second invasion of the Goguryeo border region but was once again defeated and forced to retreat without achieving his objectives. This marked a victory for the Goguryeo Kingdom and its ruler, King Yeongyang.
5.4.Fourth Sui Invasion of Goguryeo
Fourth invasion launched by the Sui dynasty of China against Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
January 615: Sui emperor Yangdi attacked the Korean borders again in 614, this time managing to neutralize the first line of defenses.
February 615: Sui forces had to halt their advance in Korea due to constant ambushes and disruption of supplies.
Was a war between Goguryeo and the Tang dynasty.
March 662: For several months until February 662, when it had to withdraw from the campaign due to the harsh winter conditions and the defeat of its subsidiary force.
January 669: In 666, the Goguryeo dictator Yeon Gaesomun died and an internal struggle between his sons for power broke out. Goguryeo was thrown into chaos and weakened by the succession struggle. In 668, the Tang and Silla forces besieged and conquered Pyongyang, which led to the conquest of Goguryeo.
6.1.First conflict of the Goguryeo-Tang War
Was the first stage of the Goguryeo-Tang War.
May 645: Gaimou (Kaemo) fell to the Tang after only 11 days.
June 645: Tang forces crossed the Liao River into Goguryeo territory.
June 645: The Tang army successfully set Liaodong ablaze with incendiary projectiles and breached its defensive walls, resulting in the fall of Liaodong to the Tang forces.
June 645: In 645, during the Tang-Goguryeo War, the Tang army led by Li Shiji marched to Baiyan (Paekam) and the Goguryeo commanders surrendered the city on 27 June, leading to the territory being taken over by the Tang Dynasty.
October 645: Exacerbated by worsened conditions for the Tang army due to cold weather and diminishing provisions, Emperor Taizong ordered to withdraw from Goguryeo on October 13.
6.2.Second conflict of the Goguryeo-Tang War
Was the second stage of the Goguryeo-Tang War. Goguryeo was annexed by Tang China.
January 662: After the conquest of Baekje in 660, the Tang and Silla forces planned to invade Goguryeo. In 661, the Tang forces set off to Goguryeo. As the Tang army advanced with 350,000 troops, Silla was only requested to provide supplies during this expedition. In 662, Yeon Gaesomun defeated General Pang Xiaotai at the Battle of Sasu. The Tang army besieged Pyongyang, Goguryeo's capital.
January 2: Goguryeo developed from a league of various Yemaek tribes to an early state and rapidly expanded its power.
January 11: During the widespread rebellion against Wang Mang, the state of Goguryeo was free to raid Han's Korean commanderies; Han did not reaffirm its control over the region until AD 30.
January 31: During the widespread rebellion against Wang Mang, the state of Goguryeo, led by King Taejo, took advantage of the chaos to raid Han's Korean commanderies. It wasn't until AD 30 that the Han Dynasty was able to regain control over the region.
January 167: The Xianbei chief, known by the Chinese as Tanshihuai, advanced upon and defeated the Wusun people of the Ili region by 166. Under Tanshihuai, the Xianbei extended their territory from the Ussuri to the Caspian Sea.
January 205: During the period between 168 and 204, Dongye, a territory in Eastern Ye, was incorporated into the expanding Goguryeo Kingdom. Goguryeo was a powerful ancient Korean kingdom that played a significant role in the history of the Korean Peninsula.
January 235: After the fall of the last khans, Budugen and Kebineng, in 234, the Xianbei state began to split into a number of smaller independent domains. The third century saw both the fragmentation of the Xianbei state in 235 and the branching out of the various Xianbei tribes later to establish significant empires of their own. The most prominent branches were the Murong, Tuoba, Khitan people, Shiwei and Rouran Khaganate.
January 303: During the disintegration of China's Jin Dynasty Micheon expanded Goguryeo's borders into the Liaodong Peninsula: first military campaign in 302 headed against the Xuantu Commandery, with conquering Daedong River basins of current Pyeongyang.
January 314: In 313 Goguryeo conquered the Lelang Commandery.
January 315: The Goguryeo Kingdom conquers the Daifang Commandery from the Jin dynasty (266-420).
January 331: The Rouran Khaganate is established.
January 372: King Geunchogo of Baekje (346-375) was a powerful ruler who successfully expanded his kingdom's territory through military conquests. In 371, Baekje achieved a significant victory over Goguryeo at Pyongyang, further solidifying their control over western Korea.
January 396: In 395 Goguryeo ruler Gwanggaeto made an excursion to invade the Khitan Baili clan to the west on the Liao River.
January 401: In early 5th century, Okjeo was completely conquered by Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo.
January 407: In 405 and again in 406, Later Yan troops attacked Goguryeo fortresses in Liaodong, but they were defeated both times. Gwanggaeto conquered all of Liaodong.
January 411: Eastern Buyeo was conquered by King Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo in 410.
January 411: Eastern Buyeo conquered by the Goguryeo Kingdom.
January 469: Jangsu was the king of Goguryeo Kingdom, a powerful state in ancient Korea. Silla was a neighboring kingdom that Jangsu invaded in 468, successfully expanding his territory into parts of Gangwon Province.
January 490: In 489, King Jangsu of Goguryeo captured 7 walled cities and expanded his kingdom into parts of North Gyeongsang Province. This marked a significant territorial expansion for Goguryeo during his reign.
January 492: Jangsu was the king of Goguryeo Kingdom, a powerful state in ancient Korea. He succeeded his father, King Gwanggaeto the Great, and continued his father's military campaigns, expanding Goguryeo's territory into Manchuria. In 491, Jangsu reached the Songhua River, further solidifying Goguryeo's dominance in the region.
January 495: Buyeo annexed by Goguryeo Kingdom.
January 554: In 551 AD, Baekje and Silla entered into an alliance to attack Goguryeo and conquer the Han River valley, an important strategic area close to the center of the peninsula and a very rich agricultural region. After Baekje exhausted themselves with a series of costly assaults on Goguryeo fortifications, Silla troops, arriving on the pretense of offering assistance, attacked and took possession of the entire Han River valley in 553.
Disestablishment
January 669: In 666, the Goguryeo dictator Yeon Gaesomun died and an internal struggle between his sons for power broke out. Goguryeo was thrown into chaos and weakened by the succession struggle. In 668, the Tang and Silla forces besieged and conquered Pyongyang, which led to the conquest of Goguryeo.
Selected Sources
(1986), "Han foreign relations", in Twitchett, Denis; Loewe, Michael (eds.), The Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 450.
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Goguryeo Kingdom
