Kingdom of Kalinga

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The prince Kalinga founded the kingdom of Kalinga, in the current day region of coastal Odisha, including the North Sircars. The region plays no part in the era of the sixteen Mahajanapadas.

Establishment

January 499 BC: The prince Kalinga founded the kingdom of Kalinga, in the current day region of coastal Odisha, including the North Sircars. The region plays no part in the era of the sixteen Mahajanapadas around 800-600 BC. It's assumed that it has existed since 500 BC.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Military campaigns of Bindusara

Military campaign of Bindusara, king of the Mauryan Empire.

January 279 BC: Bindusara, who inherited the Maurya Empire when he was just 22 years old, extended his empire to the southern part of India, as far as what is now known as Karnataka. He conquered almost all of the Indian peninsula (he is said to have conquered the 'land between the two seas' - the peninsular region between the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea).

January 272 BC: Expansion of the Magadha Kingdom until 273 BC.

2. Kalinga War

Was fought in ancient India between the Maurya Empire and the state of Kalinga, an independent feudal kingdom located on the east coast.

January 264 BC: The Kalinga War was fought in ancient India between the Maurya Empire under Ashoka and the state of Kalinga. Kalinga was annexed by Mauryan Empire.

3. Chola invasions of Kalinga

Were a series of military expeditions by Kulothunga Chola I in the kingdom of Kalinga.

3.1.Chola invasion of Kalinga (1097)

In 1097, the army of Kalinga invaded the Eastern Chalukya kingdom which was then a vassal of the Chola Empire.

January 1098: In 1097, the army of Kalinga invaded the Eastern Chalukya kingdom which was then a vassal of the Chola Empire.

February 1098: In 1097, the army of Kalinga invaded the Eastern Chalukya kingdom which was then a vassal of the Chola Empire. The invasion was beaten back.

3.2.Chola invasion of Kalinga (1110)

The Chola invasion of Kalinga in 1110 CE was the second and more famous of the two campaigns against the Kingdom of Kalinga undertaken during the reign of Kulothunga Chola I.

January 1111: The Chola invasion of Kalinga in 1110 CE was the second and more famous of the two campaigns against the kingdom of Kalinga undertaken during the reign of Kulothunga Chola I. The forces led by the Pallava chief, Karunakara Tondaiman, achieved an easy victory over the army of Kalinga forcing its king, Anantavarman Chodaganga to flee.

February 1111: The Chola invasion of Kalinga in 1110 CE was the second and more famous of the two campaigns against the kingdom of Kalinga undertaken during the reign of Kulothunga Chola I. The forces led by the Pallava chief, Karunakara Tondaiman, achieved an easy victory over the army of Kalinga forcing its king, Anantavarman Chodaganga to flee.

4. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

January 349 BC: Mahapadma Nanda the ruler of Magadha is presumed to have conquered Kalinga during his reign around 350 BC.

January 321 BC: Collapse of the Nanda Empire.

January 551: The Vishnukundinas lost their Kalinga possessions north of the Godavari.

January 561: Vikramendra Varma II (555-569) was successful enough to restore the fortunes of the Vishnukundinas in the Kalinga region.

January 601: The area north of the Godavari, Kalinga, became independent.

January 621: The Shailodbhava dynasty ruled parts of eastern India during the 6th-8th centuries. The Shailodbhava ruler Madhavaraja II seems to have assumed sovereignty soon after 620 CE.

January 801: In 800, the Bhauma-Kara dynasty, ruled by King Janakaraja, expanded their territory by conquering neighboring regions in present-day Odisha, India.

January 936: The Chalukyas of Vengi defeated the Rashtrakuta emperor Govinda IV and expanded their territories, achieving the maximal extent of their empire.

January 936: The Eastern Chalukyas reach their maximum territorial extent.

January 1006: Kalahandi was the largest of the 26 Feudatory states of Odisha. According to local tradition the state originated with Raja Raghunath Sai of the Naga dynasty beginning to rule the Kalahandi area in 1005, therefore the state's coat of arms had two cobras facing each other.

January 1051: Rajendra Chola I conquered Odisha.

February 1051: Rajendra Chola I occupied Odisha, but left the region after defeating the forces of the Pala Dynasty.

January 1192: Foundation of Patna State.

January 1325: Bastar State was founded in the early 14th century, supposedly by a brother of the last ruler of the Kakatiya dynasty proper, Prataparudra II.