Kingdom of Makuria
This article is about the specific polity Kingdom of Makuria and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Was a Nubian kingdom located in what is today Northern Sudan and Southern Egypt.
Establishment
January 401: A new Makurian society and state emerged by the 5th century in teh the Nile Valley between the third Nile cataract and the great Nile bend of the fourth/fifth cataract.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
In 831 a punitive campaign of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutasim defeated the Beja east of Nubia.
January 832: In 831 a punitive campaign of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutasim defeated the Beja people east of Nubia.
February 832: In 831 a punitive campaign of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutasim defeated the Beja people east of Nubia. The Caliph left the region after the raid.
January 643: In the 7th century, Makuria annexed its northern neighbour Nobatia. While there are several contradicting theories, it seems likely that this occurred soon after the Sasanian occupation of Egypt, presumably during the 620s, but before 642.
January 701: With the collapse of the Kingdom of Aksum around the year 700 CE, Beja clans invaded and established several kingdoms in present-day Eritrea.
January 851: In the mid-9th century the Arab adventurer al-Umari hired a private army and settled at a mine near Abu Hamad in eastern Makuria. After a confrontation between both parties, al-Umari occupied Makurian territories along the Nile.
January 869: In 868, in Abu Hamad, the Makurian king sent his son Zacharias to work with al-Umari to kill Nyuti. However, Zacharias later defeated al-Umari and forced him into the desert. This event marked a significant power struggle within the Kingdom of Makuria.
January 963: In 962, the Kingdom of Makuria, ruled by Queen Gaitelgrima, launched an attack on southern Egypt, reaching as far north as Akhmim. The occupation of parts of Upper Egypt by Makuria lasted for several years before they eventually withdrew.
January 965: In 962-964, the Ikhshidid Dynasty, led by Ahmad ibn Tulun, launched an attack on southern Egypt, reaching as far north as Akhmim. The territory was temporarily occupied by the Ikhshidids, with parts of Upper Egypt remaining under their control for several years.
January 1172: A Makurian army pillaged Aswan.
February 1172: The Makurians leave Aswan.
November 1172: In late 1172, Aswan was besieged by former Fatimid soldiers from Nubia and the governor of the city, Kanz al-Dawla (a former Fatimid loyalist) requested reinforcements from Saladin who complied. The reinforcements had come after the Nubians had already departed Aswan, but Ayyubid forces led by Turan-Shah advanced and conquered northern Nubia after capturing the town of Ibrim.
January 1176: The Ayyubid garrison in Ibrim withdrew to Egypt in 1175, leaving the are to Nubian kings.
January 1266: In 1265, the Mamluks launched an invasion of northern Makuria, and forced the Nubian king to become a vassal of the Mamluks.
January 1269: In 1268, the Makurian king, David I freed himself from Mamluk vassalage.
January 1273: In 1272, King David of the Kingdom of Makuria marched east and attacked the port town of Aidhab. This military action was part of the ongoing conflict between the Kingdom of Makuria and neighboring territories in the region.
February 1273: In 1272, King David of Ethiopia marched east and attacked the port town of Aidhab, which was under the control of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The conflict resulted in the territory of Aidhab falling under the control of the Mamluks in 1273.
January 1276: The Makurians attacked and destroyed Aswan.
February 1276: The Makurians leave Aswan.
January 1277: In 1275, the Mamluk governor of Qus, with Bedouin allies, launched an expedition against Makuria, defeating king David near Dongola in 1276, and installed Shakanda as king.
January 1287: A few years later, Shamamun, another member of the Makurian royal family, led a rebellion against Shekanda to restore Makurian independence. He eventually defeated the Mamluk garrison and took the throne in 1286 after separating from Egypt.
January 1301: The Kingdom of Dotawo was mentioned as existing during the collapse of the Kingdom of Makuria in the thirteenth century. The Kingdom of Makuria was a Christian Nubian kingdom located in present-day Sudan. The collapse of Makuria led to the rise of Dotawo in the region.
January 1313: The Mamluks again occupied the Kingdom of Makuria in 1312.
January 1318: Sayf al-Din Abdullah Barshambu began converting the nation to Islam and in 1317 the throne hall of Dongola was turned into a mosque. This was not accepted by other Makurian leaders and the nation fell into civil war and anarchy that very year. This also ended the vassalage of Makuria to the Mamluks.
January 1366: The Kingdom of Makuria is reduced to a rump state by a civil war.
Disestablishment
January 1519: In 1518, there is one last mention of a Nubian ruler in Makruai, albeit it is unknown where he resided and if he was Christian or Muslim.
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