Liu Song Dynasty
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Was one of the Southern Dynasties during the Chinese Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
Establishment
July 420: In 420, Liu Yu usurped the Jin throne and replaced it with his own Liu Song dynasty.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of military campaigns by Northern Wei, a Chinese polity during the Northern and Southern dynasties Era, that led to the conquest of northern China.
January 440: The Northern Wei Dynasty unified northern China in 439.
January 451: The Wei lured the Liu Song to cross the Yellow River, and then flanked them, destroying the Eastern army. As the Liu Song armies retreated, the provinces south of the Yellow River were devastated by the Wei army. Only Huatai, a fortified city, held out against the Wei. However, the economic damage was immense. The barbarian troops laid waste to the provinces they had temporarily occupied.
January 423: Sizhou (司州, central Henan) and Yanzhou (兗州, modern western Shandong) and most cities in Song's Qing Province (青州, modern central and eastern Shandong) fell to the Wei army.
January 424: Northern Wei troops were eventually forced to withdraw after food supplies ran out. Wei forces also stalled in their siege of Hulao, defended by the capable Liu Song general Mao Dezu (毛德祖), but were meanwhile able to capture Luoyang and Xuchang (許昌, in modern Xuchang, Henan) in spring 423.
January 431: Liu Song recovered the four cities of Luoyang, Hulao, Huatai and Qiao'ao south of the Yellow Rive.
January 431: Under Emperor Wen, the Liu Song economy prospered during the rule of Yuanjia (Chinese: 元嘉之治), a period noted for its prosperity in the 400 years of conflict between the Han and Tang dynasties. However, the emperor's martial abilities were not equal to his father, and his inability to crush the remaining barbarian states allowed Northern Wei to complete the unification of the North, to the detriment of Liu Song.
January 443: In 442, remnants of the Northern Liang royal family established a new kingdom in Gaochang, known in historiography as the Northern Liang of Gaochang.
January 443: Chouchi Kingdom conquered by Liu Song.
March 446: In February 446, the Liu Song dynasty, led by General T'an Ho-ch'u, invaded the Kingdom of Lâm Ấp and captured its capital. The Chinese attackers looted the kingdom's eight temples and treasury, asserting their dominance in the region.
April 446: In February 446, the Liu Song dynasty, led by General T'an Ho-ch'u, invaded the Kingdom of Lâm Ấp and captured its capital. The Chinese attackers looted the kingdom's eight temples and treasury during the invasion.
April 446: In February 446, the Liu Song dynasty, led by General T'an Ho-ch'u, invaded the Kingdom of Lâm Ấp and captured its capital. The Chinese attackers looted the kingdom's eight temples and treasury.
January 449: The Kingdom of Couchi is restored but split into three kingdoms: Wudu, Wuxing and Yinping.
February 451: The Wei lured the Liu Song to cross the Yellow River, and then flanked them, destroying the Eastern army. As the Liu Song armies retreated, the provinces south of the Yellow River were devastated by the Wei army. Only Huatai, a fortified city, held out against the Wei. However, the economic damage was immense. The barbarian troops laid waste to the provinces they had temporarily occupied.
January 461: The region once occupied by the former state of Later Liang was conquered by the Rouran Khaganate.
May 479: In 479, Xiao took the throne himself and declared himself Emperor of Qi, ending Liu Song. The ex-emperor Shun and his clan were soon put to the sword.
Disestablishment
May 479: In 479, Xiao took the throne himself and declared himself Emperor of Qi, ending Liu Song. The ex-emperor Shun and his clan were soon put to the sword.
