Ghurid Empire
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Were a dynasty from Ghur in the center of modern-day Afghanistan, which conquered the empire of the Ghaznavids in the second half of the 12th century and briefly became the dominant power in the Islamic East, managing to control a territory stretching from Persia to Bengal.
Establishment
January 1151: Beginning in the mid-12th century, Ghor expressed its independence from the Ghaznavid Empire.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
1. Events
January 1152: Ala al-Din Husayn, a Ghorid King, conquered Ghazni in 1151, for the revenge of his brother Kutubbuddin's death, who was son-in-law of the king but was publicly punished and killed for a minor offence. Ala al-Din Husayn then razed the city and burned it for 7 days, after which he became known as "Jahānsuz" (World Burner).
February 1152: Ghazni was restored to the Ghaznavids by the intervention of the Seljuks, who came to the aid of Bahram.
January 1176: In 1175, Muhammad Ghori conquered Ismaili-ruled Multan.
January 1179: In 1178 CE, the Ghurids led by Muhammad of Ghor, invaded the Chaulukya kingdom and temporarily dislodged Kelhanadeva from Naddula.
February 1179: In 1178 CE, the Ghurids led by Muhammad of Ghor, invaded the Chaulukya kingdom and temporarily dislodged Kelhanadeva from Naddula.
January 1181: Muhammad Ghori captured Peshawar.
January 1187: The Ghurid Dynasty overthrew the Ghaznavid Empire in 1186 when Sultan Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad of Ghor conquered the last Ghaznavid capital of Lahore.
January 1187: The Ghurid dynasty overthrew the Ghaznavid Empire in 1186 when Sultan Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad of Ghor conquered the last Ghaznavid capital of Lahore.
January 1193: The Chahamanas of Shakambhari's power effectively ended in 1192 CE, when the Ghurids defeated Prithviraja III.
January 1195: In 1194, the last Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire, Toghrul III, was defeated and killed by the Khwarezm ruler Ala ad-Din Tekish, who subsequently conquered parts of Khorasan and western Iran.
January 1195: In 1194 CE, Govindachandra's grandson Jayachandra was defeated by the Ghurids, which effectively ended the Gahadavala dynasty's imperial power. According to historian Roma Niyogi, it is possible that he still controlled Kanyakubja, as no contemporary Muslim historians mention that the Ghurids captured the city at that time.
January 1197: Sulakshanapala, the last ruler of the Kachchhapaghata dynasty, appears to have lost his kingdom to a Ghurid invasion.
January 1198: In 1197 CE, the Ghurid general Qutb al-Din Aibak invaded Naddula and surrounding regions.
January 1201: In 1200, Tekish died and was succeeded by his son, Ala ad-Din Muhammad, who initiated a conflict with the Ghurids and was defeated by them at Amu Darya (1204).
January 1201: The Yajvapalas, a dynasty of Indian origin, established their kingdom in northern Madhya Pradesh in the early 13th century. They were known for their military prowess and strategic expansion in the region during this time.
January 1201: Hunza was an independent principality for centuries. It was ruled by the Mirs of Hunza, who took the title of Thum.
January 1201: Expansion of the Khasa Kingdom by 1200 AD.
January 1203: In 1202, the capital Nadiya was evacuated by Sena King Lakshman Sen before Ghurid General Bakhtiyar Khalji's arrival.
January 1205: Following the sack of Khwarizm, Muhammad appealed for aid from his suzerain, the Qara Khitai who sent him an army. With this reinforcement, Muhammad won a victory over the Ghorids at Hezarasp (1204) and forced them out of Khwarizm.
January 1205: After 1204 once the Islamic invaders defeated the Sena dynasty in Gaur (Bengal), the royal family members fled to the hills and raja Bir Sen established the state of Suket.
Disestablishment
January 1207: Ghurid Sultan Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori was assassinated in 1206, by Ismāʿīlī Shia Muslims. After the assassination, one of Ghori's slaves (or Mamluks), the Turkic Qutb al-Din Aibak, assumed power, becoming the first Sultan of Delhi.
