Mahdist Sudan
This article is about the specific polity Mahdist Sudan and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Was a state based on a religious and political movement launched in 1881 against the Khedivate of Egypt, which had ruled Sudan since 1821. The Mahdist rebels overthrew the Ottoman-Egyptian administration and established their own "Islamic and national" government with its capital in Omdurman. Its existence was terminated by the Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1898.
Establishment
August 1881: Mahdi retreated into Kordofan in 1881.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a war by Mahdist Sudan against Egyptian rule. The Mahdista were finally defeated by Egyptian and British forces, and Sudan became an Anglo-Egyptian condominium.
March 1884: Sennar, Tokar and Sinkat were under Mahdist siege.
January 1885: Siege of Khartoum.
1.1.Mahdist Attacks to Ethiopia
Was the invasion of Ethiopia by Mahdist Sudan during the Mahdist War.
February 1886: In January 1886, a Mahdist army invaded Ethiopia, seized Dembea, burned the Mahbere Selassie monastery and advanced on Chilga.
February 1887: King Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam led a successful counteroffensive as far as Gallabat in the Sudan in January 1887.
February 1888: In January 1888, the Mahdists defeated Ethiopian Emperor Tekle Haymanot at Sar Weha and sacked the city of Gondar.
March 1888: Mahdist forces leave Sar Weha and Gondar.
1.2.Mahdist Attacks to Eritrea
Was the invasion of Eritrea by Mahdist Sudan during the Mahdist War.
June 1892: Battle of Serobeti.
July 1892: Battle of Serobeti.
December 1893: The Second Battle of Agordat took place in 1893 between Italian forces led by General Baratieri and Mahdist Sudanese troops. The Italians were victorious, securing control of the territory for Italy in their colonial expansion in East Africa.
January 1894: The Second Battle of Agordat took place in 1894 in Agordat, Eritrea. It was a decisive victory for Italian forces led by General Oreste Baratieri over the Ethiopian army of Emperor Menelik II. This battle solidified Italian control over the territory, which became part of Italian Eritrea.
July 1894: In 1894, Governor Oreste Baratieri of Italian Eritrea attempted to capture Kassala to prevent Mahdist attacks on Eritrea. The Mahdists were followers of Muhammad Ahmad, who had established a state in Sudan and posed a threat to Italian interests in the region.
1.3.Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan
Was the joint Anglo-Egyptian military invasion of Mahdist Sudan that ended the Mahdist War.
March 1896: British forces enter the city of Akasha, which they found deserted.
September 1896: In 1896, during the reconquest of Sudan, British General Horatio Kitchener led his forces to Dongola. Wad Bishara, a Sudanese leader, retreated as the British gunboats engaged the town's defenders. Kitchener's main force arrived on September 23, leading to the British military occupation of Dongola.
September 1896: The towns of Merow and Korti were occupied by British forces.
April 1898: After the defeat of the Mahdist forces led by Khalifa Abdullahi at the Battle of Atbara, the Mahdists retreated to Omdurman, allowing the Egyptian army under British command to occupy Metemma and the Sixth Cataract in 1898 during the Sudan Campaign of the Mahdist War.
September 1898: Battle of Omdurman.
September 1898: In 1898, Al Qadarif was retaken from Mahdist forces by British General Herbert Kitchener and his Anglo-Egyptian forces during the Sudan Campaign.
September 1898: Egyptian and British flags planted at Er Roseires.
December 1898: Gallabat, a town in present-day Sudan, was reoccupied by British forces on 7 December 1898.
1.3.1.Fashoda Incident
Was a French expedition to Fashoda whose aim was to conquer territories in Sudan.
July 1898: In 1898, French explorer Jean-Baptiste Marchand reached Fashoda and raised the French flag.
Expansion during the rule of Menelik II in the Ethiopian Empire.
March 1889: Expansion of Ethiopia by the end of the reign of Yohannes IV.
January 1898: Ethiopia's expansion under Menlik II until 1897.
May 1889: The Treaty of Wuchale was signed between Italy and Menelik II, the Emperor of Ethiopia. It established the borders between Italian Eritrea and the Ethiopian Empire in 1889.
February 1897: Belgian forces led by Chaltin continued defeated the rebels in the Battle of Rejaf, securing the Lado Enclave as a Belgian territory.
Disestablishment
January 1898: Ethiopia's expansion under Menlik II until 1897.
April 1898: After the defeat of the Mahdist forces led by Khalifa Abdullahi at the Battle of Atbara, the Mahdists retreated to Omdurman, allowing the Egyptian army under British command to occupy Metemma and the Sixth Cataract in 1898 during the Sudan Campaign of the Mahdist War.
July 1898: In 1898, French explorer Jean-Baptiste Marchand reached Fashoda and raised the French flag.
September 1898: Battle of Omdurman.
September 1898: In 1898, Al Qadarif was retaken from Mahdist forces by British General Herbert Kitchener and his Anglo-Egyptian forces during the Sudan Campaign.
September 1898: Egyptian and British flags planted at Er Roseires.
December 1898: Gallabat, a town in present-day Sudan, was reoccupied by British forces on 7 December 1898.
