Kalmar Union
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The Kalmar Union was a union between the Kingdoms of Denmark , Norway and Sweden founded at a meeting in Kalmar 1397.
Establishment
June 1397: The Kalmar Union was a political union between the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It was established in 1397 at a meeting in Kalmar, Sweden, by Queen Margaret I of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The union aimed to strengthen the countries' defense against external threats and promote economic cooperation.
June 1397: The Kalmar Union was a political union between the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It was founded at a meeting in Kalmar in 1397 by Queen Margaret I of Denmark, who sought to consolidate her power over the Scandinavian region. The union aimed to create a single monarch ruling over all three kingdoms.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a conflict between the Danish-dominated Kalmar Union (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and the German Hanseatic League (Hansa) led by the Free City of Lübeck.
January 1426: When Erik's troops occupied Flensburg in 1426, which had previously been held by Holsteiners, Count Heinrich and his brothers Gerhard and Adolf concluded an alliance with the Hanseatic League, which was meanwhile willing to fight.
January 1427: When Erik's troops occupied Flensburg in 1426, which had previously been held by Holsteiners, Count Heinrich and his brothers Gerhard and Adolf concluded an alliance with the Hanseatic League, which was meanwhile willing to fight.
Was the first conflict between Denmark and Sweden that led to the independence of the latter from the Kalmar Union.
October 1471: In 1471, King Christian I of Denmark decided to abandon the siege of a small coastland in southern Sweden due to its length. Instead, he landed troops in the region, ultimately leading to the territory being annexed by the Kingdom of Sweden.
Was a military conflict between Denmark and Sweden within the Kalmar Union.
3.1.War of Deposition against King Hans
Was a Swedish revolt against the Kalmar Union.
September 1501: The Swedish rebel army took Örebro in August 1501.
November 1501: Stockholm was taken by the rebels.
September 1502: In the summer of 1502, the Swedish rebelstook control of Finland.
June 1503: In the spring of 1503, Kalmar was taken by Swedish Rebels.
3.2.Treaty of Malmö (1512)
Were a series of peace treaties that were all signed on 23 April 1512, which brought an end to the second Dano-Swedish War. Sweden basically remained part of the Kalmar union.
April 1512: Peace treaties were signed to bring an end to the second Dano-Swedish War. Sweden basically remained part of the Kalmar union.
Was a rebellion and a civil war in which the nobleman Gustav Vasa deposed King Christian II from the throne of Sweden, ending the Kalmar Union between Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.
February 1521: Battle of Falun.
April 1521: Battle of Brunnbäck Ferry.
April 1521: Gustav Vasa controlled Dalarna, Gästrikland, Närke, and Västmanland.
May 1523: Uppsala conquered by Swedish Rebels.
May 1523: Kalmar conquered by Swedish Rebels.
June 1523: After the capture of Stockholm in June 1523, the rebels effectively controlled Sweden.
October 1523: In 1523, Gustav Vasa, a Swedish nobleman, successfully led a rebellion against Danish rule and established himself as King of Sweden. By September of the same year, his supporters had also gained control of Finland, which became part of the Kingdom of Sweden.
October 1523: In 1523, Gustav Vasa, a Swedish nobleman, successfully led a rebellion against the Danish king and established himself as the King of Sweden. By September of the same year, his supporters had also gained control of Swedish Finland, which was previously part of the Kalmar Union.
January 1410: In 1409, Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen of the Teutonic Knights guaranteed peace with the Kalmar Union of Scandinavia by selling the island of Gotland to Queen Margaret of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
January 1435: The Swedes broke away from the Kalmar Union in 1434 under the popular leader Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson.
September 1441: In 1441 Charles VIII of Sweden had to abdicate in favour of Christopher of Bavaria, who was already king of Denmark and Norway.
June 1448: Upon the death of Christopher in 1448, Charles VIII was expelled from Sweden.
November 1449: In 1449 a portion of the Norwegian council elected Charles King of Norway, and he was crowned in Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim.
May 1450: The Swedish aristocracy was reluctant to back Charles in a war against Denmark over Norway, and already in 1450, Charles was forced to relinquish the throne of Norway in favour of Christian.
February 1457: Charles VIII king of Sweden (1448-1457, 1464-1465 and 1467-1470).
August 1464: In 1464, Charles VIII regained the throne as king of Sweden.
January 1465: Charles VIII king of Sweden (1448-1457, 1464-1465 and 1467-1470).
November 1467: In 1464, Charles VIII regained the throne as king of Sweden.
May 1470: The three Kingdoms of the Kalmar Union were reunited under Christian II of Denmark.
January 1472: In 1471, the Northern Isles of Shetland were formally annexed by the Kingdom of Scotland after William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness, ceded his title to James III in 1470. This marked the direct absorption of the territory into the Scottish Crown.
January 1473: The Kalmar Union lost territory when the Northern Isles were pledged by Christian I, in his capacity as King of Norway, as security against the payment of the dowry of his daughter Margaret, betrothed to James III of Scotland in 1468. The money was never paid, so in 1472 the islands were annexed by the Kingdom of Scotland.
October 1497: Hans, who was already king of Denmark and of Norway, became also King of Sweden 1497.
Disestablishment
January 1524: The Kalmar Union de facto ended after the final secession of Sweden.
