Rouran Khaganate

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Was a tribal confederation and later state founded by a people of Proto-Mongolic Donghu origin.

Establishment

January 331: The Rouran Khaganate is established.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Conquest of northern China by Former Qin

Were a series of military campaigns by Former Qin, a Chinese polity during the Sixteen Kingdoms Era, that led to the conquest of northern China.

January 382: By 381, Former Qin emperor Fu Jian had united all of North China under his control.

2. Conquest of northern China by Northern Wei

Were a series of military campaigns by Northern Wei, a Chinese polity during the Northern and Southern dynasties Era, that led to the conquest of northern China.

January 440: The Northern Wei Dynasty unified northern China in 439.

3. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

January 387: The kingdom of Dai was revived in 386 as Northern Wei.

January 392: In 391, Tuoba Gui, a prominent ruler of the Northern Wei dynasty, achieved a significant victory by defeating the Rouran tribes in the Ordos region. During this battle, he successfully killed the Rouran chief, Heduohan, which led to the Rouran tribes fleeing westward in retreat.

January 396: In 395 Goguryeo ruler Gwanggaeto made an excursion to invade the Khitan Baili clan to the west on the Liao River.

January 461: The region once occupied by the former state of Later Liang was conquered by the Rouran Khaganate.

January 461: Most Chinese historians view the Northern Liang as having ended in 439, when its capital Guzang (姑臧) in modern Wuwei, Gansu fell to Northern Wei forces and the Northern Liang ruler Juqu Mujian captured. However, some view his brothers Juqu Wuhui and Juqu Anzhou, who subsequently settled with Northern Liang remnants in Gaochang (高昌) in modern Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang, as a continuation of the Northern Liang, and thus view the Northern Liang as having ended in 460 when Gaochang fell to Rouran and was made a vassal.

January 491: As a result of the defeat of the Yueban state in 490, the Gaogyu people formed their own state in East Kazakhstan.

January 492: Jangsu was the king of Goguryeo Kingdom, a powerful state in ancient Korea. He succeeded his father, King Gwanggaeto the Great, and continued his father's military campaigns, expanding Goguryeo's territory into Manchuria. In 491, Jangsu reached the Songhua River, further solidifying Goguryeo's dominance in the region.

January 497: After 6 years, the southern part of Gaoju was defeated and fell under the rule of the Juan.

January 501: By 500 the Hephtalite held the whole of Bactria and the Pamirs and parts of Afghanistan.

January 511: In 510, the Hephtalite Empire, led by their ruler Mihirakula, expanded their territory to the east, capturing the Tarim Basin and reaching as far as Urumqi. This conquest marked a significant expansion of their empire into Central Asia.

January 541: The northern part of Gaoju existed for another 45 years and in 540 it was defeated by the Juan.

January 552: In 551, Bumin of the Ashina Göktürks quelled a Tiele revolt for the Rouran. Bumin declared himself Illig Khagan of the Turkic Khaganate after conquering Otuken.

January 553: Bumin Qaghan revolts against Rouran Khaganate and establishes the First Turkic Khaganate.