Northern Yuan dynasty

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The Yuan Mongols retreated to Karakorum after the conquest of Yingchang by the Later Jin dynasty in 1370, where they carried on calling themselves the Great Yuan, known retroactively as the Northern Yuan.

Establishment

January 1371: The Mongols retreated to Karakorum after the fall of Yingchang in 1370, where they carried on calling themselves the Great Yuan, known retroactively as the Northern Yuan.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Events

January 1381: In 1380, the Ming invaded Northern Yuan and sacked Karakorum.

February 1381: End of the Ming sack of Karakorum.

January 1388: In 1388, after defeating Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür around Buir Lake, the Ming dynasty gained control of Karakorum, the capital of the Northern Yuan dynasty

February 1388: Karakorum is reconquered by the Mongols.

January 1389: Northern Yuan general Naghachu surrendered to the Ming dynasty in 1387-88.

January 1400: In 1399, the Oirats, a western Mongol group, gained control of the territory in the region. The Oirats were one of the four major tribes of the Oirat people, who formed the Alliance of the Four Oirats. This event marked a significant shift in power dynamics among the Mongol tribes.

January 1400: The Uriankhai surrendered to the Ming dynasty in the 1390s.

January 1400: Athe lliance of the Four Oirat Tribes or Oirat Confederacy, which lasted from 1399 to 1634, was a confederation of the Oirat tribes, which marked the rise of the Western Mongols in Mongolian history.

January 1441: Kara Del conquered by Esen of the Northern Yuan dynasty.

January 1456: The Kara Del once again becomes a vassal of the Ming.

January 1496: Dayan invaded Ming territory and subjugated the Uriankhai Three Guards, who had previously submitted to the Ming.

January 1635: The Khalkha Federation is established in north-western Mongolia.