Third Eblaite Kingdom
This article is about the specific polity Third Eblaite Kingdom and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Ebla was an early Kingdom in Syria. Emerged around 3000 BC, it was destroyed in 2300 BC and 2000 BC. After the destruction of 2000 BC, Amorite Tribes settled in the city and created the Third Eblaite Kingdom.
Establishment
January 1999 BC: The second kingdom of Ebla disintegrated toward the end of the 21st century BC, and ended with the destruction of the city by fire. The reason for the destruction is not known.
January 1999 BC: The Kingdom of Qatna was established around 2000 BC.
January 1999 BC: In the Middle and Late Bronze Age, Nuḫašše referred to a region in the north of present-day Syria east of the Orontes. The area does not appear to have been a unified kingdom but rather a federation of various small principalities.
January 1999 BC: Kizzuwatna was an ancient Anatolian kingdom that existed since the 2nd millennium BC. It was situated in the highlands of southeastern Anatolia, on the trade route between Assysria and the city of Kanesh.
January 1999 BC: Amurru was an Amorite kingdom established c. 2000 BC, in a region spanning present-day western and north-western Syria and northern Lebanon.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
1. Events
January 1809 BC: Yamhad, an ancient Semitic kingdom centered on Ḥalab (today Aleppo, Syria), emerged at the end of the 19th century BC.
Disestablishment
January 1799 BC: By the beginning of the 18th century BC, Ebla had become a vassal of Yamhad, an Amorite kingdom centered in Aleppo.
Selected Sources
Al-Maqdissi, Michel (2010). "Matériel pour l'Étude de la Ville en Syrie (Deuxième Partie): Urban Planning in Syria during the SUR (Second Urban Revolution) (Mid-third Millennium BC)". Al-Rāfidān (Journal of Western Asiatic Studies). Special Issue. Institulte for Cultural studies of Ancient Iraq, Kokushikan University. ISSN 0285-4406. p. 140
Astour, Michael C. (2002). "A Reconstruction of the History of Ebla (Part 2)". In Gordon, Cyrus Herzl; Rendsburg, Gary (eds.). Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language. Vol. 4. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-060-6. p. 101
Barca, N. (2023), Knossos, Mycenae, Troy: The Enchanting Bronze Age and its Tumultuous Climax, Oxbow Books, p. 219
Dolce, Rita (2010). "Ebla and its origins – a proposal". In Matthiae, Paolo; Pinnock, Frances; Nigro, Lorenzo; Marchetti, Nicolò; Romano, Licia (eds.). Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East: Near Eastern archaeology in the past, present and future: heritage and identity, ethnoarchaeological and interdisciplinary approach, results and perspectives; visual expression and craft production in the definition of social relations and status. Vol. 1. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-06175-9. p. 252.
Douglas Frayne (1 January 1990). Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC). University of Toronto Press. p. 780
Feldman, Marian H. (2007). "Frescoes, exotica, and the reinvention of the northern Levantine kingdoms during the second millennium b.c.e.". In Heinz, Marlies; Feldman, Marian H. (eds.). Representations of Political Power: Case histories from times of change and dissolving order in the ancient Near East. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-135-1. p. 55
Padovese, L. (2009): Paolo di Tarso: Archeologia - Storia - Ricezione, Effata Editrice IT, p.6
Singer, I. (1991). "The "Land of Amurru" and the "Lands of Amurru" in the Šaušgamuwa Treaty". Iraq. 53: 69–74. doi:10.2307/4200336. JSTOR 4200336. S2CID 131582702.
Thuesen, Ingolf (2000). "The City-State in Ancient Western Syria". In Hansen, Mogens Herman (ed.). A Comparative Study of Thirty City-state Cultures: An investigation. Vol. 21. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. ISBN 978-87-7876-177-4. p. 61
Torrecilla, E. (2022). 2022 - Reflections on the Qaṭna Letters TT1-5 (I): Hittite Expansionism and the Syrian Kingdoms. Aula Orientalis 40.
